Since 1959 that the concept of nanotechnology had been introduced to the American Physical Society meeting by Richard Feynman, it has been developed and applied into versatile areas (Azeredo, 2009). To define nanomaterial or nanostructure, this material must have at least one dimensional particle size about 1–100 nm (Duncan, 2011). It can be composite materials, ceramics, metals or polymeric materials (Hickman, 2002). A nanometer scale material can change the physical and chemical properties of conventional material and enhance the performances of ordinary material due to its miniaturization and greater surface area over their conventional form (Aitken et al., 2006). Therefore, it has been considered as an alternative material in broad interdisciplinary areas; such as, structural materials, constructions, electronics, information technologies, energy managements, food industries, pharmaceutical, and medical areas (Landsiedel et al., 2010; Sozer and Kokini, 2009). A basic properties of material; flexibility, durability, flame resistance, barrier properties or recycling properties can be modifided by nanomateriasl (Wagner, 2013). So, nanotechnologies are one of the century’s key technology developments (Landsiedel et al., 2010). In present, there are many consumer products contained nanomaeiral have been launched in market (Aitken et al., 2006). Many global food companies are reported about exploring the potential of nanotechnology application in their foods and food packagings (Chaudhry et al., 2008).
The food and beverage industry has been classified as a new sector of nanomaterial application but its consumption has been predicted to increase in the coming years due to its rapid growth (iRAP, 2009). As a food retail transform...
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...aging application as relative acceptable (Siegrist et al., 2007; Siegrist et al., 2008). These results may be interpreted that people may reject nanotechnology if they incur the risk because they prefer nanomaterial in food packaging than in foodstuff. Moreover, this may translate that consumer cannot accept migrated nanoparticle from their container to food.
Nowadays, nanomaterial is a forefront technology for food packaging research and development. Many nanoscaled materials have been used to improve polymer properties; such as, reinforcement, barrier properties, antibacterial, and processing aid additive. Therefore, this review will provide the characteristic and function of major nanomaterials which are commonly applied to food packaging including their available products in the current market. The migration case study and safety issue will be discussed as well.
The nano-thermal analysis method is capable of studying the specific regions of a sample irrespective of its composition. In a multi-component sample, the analysis methods make it possible for the researchers to distinguish between the different components and identify the different characteristics found in each of the sample (Craig, 2002). During the analysis of any sample, the nano-thermal method does not necessarily require the physical alteration of the sample. In its place, it is capable of analyzing any sample through surface studies.
Antimicrobial encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles is a suggested novel drug delivery system to treat CRS. Nanoparticles are categorized into nanospheres (matrix-like structure) and nanocapsules (vesicular systems). Nanospheres are a type of nanoparticles that allows drug encapsulation surrounded by a polymer matrix (Pinto Reis C. et al., 2006). Literature suggests Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) is an attractive polymer to coat the nanospheres due to their biodegradable and biocompatible properties (Makadia HK. & Siegel SJ., 2011). The nanoprecipitation solvent-diffusion method was chosen for encapsulation of the poorly water-soluble drug MUP. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed. PLGA and MUP in a 1:1...
Lovgren, Stefan. Can Art Make Nanotechnology Easier t Understand? 23 December 2003. Web. 3 May 2014. .
In this case study, our concern goes for the chitosan nanoparticles; firstly nanoparticles are able to adsorb and/or encapsulate a drug, thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Furthermore the encapsulated drug may be prevented from crystallization, thus forming a solid solution. Depending on drug solubility in the carrier, a drug load varying from only a few percent up to 50%] Secondly, chitosan is ...
Food additives are substances that are added to food to enhance it; they can be both chemical and natural ("Food Additives: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"). Recently many food additives have been questioned by both the public and scientists world wide. One example of the food additives that have been studied is sodium stearoyl lactylate. It has recently been looked at due to indications that it might be unsafe for consumption. In this essay a couple main points and questions will be explained; what is sodium stearoyl lactylate, what are its effects both positive and negative, what are some indirect effects SSL has on society, is it ethical to use, and if sodium stearoyl lactylate safe for human consumption.
Customers/Consumers were worried about the changes in the market for food and drugs because they no longer had a single clue of what was in their products. Food production was moving from household prepared to general markets. As food markets became more refined due to the improvement of technology. The difficulty in discerning the quality of their product heightened. With new and quicker ways make food, fears of the ingredients that the foods consisted grew. Preservatives and chemicals also instilled a concern to consumers. Health officials, chemists, and other individuals tested and proved the dangers of these new additives.
“Wars may be fought with weapons, but they are won by men”, said beautifully by General George S. Patton of the US Army. Well, Mr. Patton’s words may be even more true thanks to the advancements of Nanotechnology. Scientists from America and Europe who study this technology are now researching the implications of creating a suit comprised of nano-sized components
In the novel, Prey, written by Michael Crichton it pertains to the subject of nanotechnology throughout the whole entire book. The main characters of this novel are the
Nanotechnology is commonly employed in several critical fields such as drug delivery (Li et al., 2004), environmental science (Kuang et al., 2010), engineering catalysis (He et al., 2013; Jinesh et al., 2010) and many other sectors. One of its important application field is in agriculture (Campos et al., 2014; Hussein et al., 2002). Different kinds o...
In 2010 two Russian-born scientists pioneered and synthesized a form of “wonder material” that generates heat and electricity at faster speeds, copes with high temperatures, and is almost transparent. Graphene is arranged in a flat hexagon lattice (like microscopic chicken wire) and is one atom thick two-dimensional 〖sp〗^2 bonded carbon. It is the world’s thinnest and strongest material, which can be manufactured into a plethora of provisions that can be used for next generation technology, such as planes, satellites, cars, and computers. However, uses of the material can be expensive and difficult to manufacture for mass production, which is why many of us today do not have access to graphene or use it for various applications in technology in day-to-day life. Graphene is a newly developing material, which is under scrutiny and scientific study in order to integrate it simply and effectively into everyday life.
The use of nanotechnology has become wide spread in the market place and, has found a place on the forefront of the technology world as the up and coming thing. Every day new technologies are being discovered, making things faster, bigger, stronger, smaller, and better. In this case, nanotechnology is making things smaller, on the molecular scale. A substance is considered a nanomaterial if it ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers. Therefore, nanotechnology is the engineering and manipulation of nanomaterial. Due to the size, the mass to surface area ratio results in the particles ability to be absorbed into major organs of the human body system. This fact could lead to monumental breakthroughs in the medical applications of nanoparticles like treating illnesses; however, nanotechnology is not without risks and is a largely unregulated industry. Many critics of the emerging nanotechnology say that the industry has many unregulated issues that need to be addressed. For instance, whether or not nanomaterial can be classified as a new substance or can be paired with an existing substance....
...esity is becoming an epidemic, nanotechnology could be used to create foods which are low in fat, salt and sugar but are still nutritionally dense and taste great. Food is naturally nanostructured material – simply boiling an egg causes many changes; the proteins in the egg white change shape and tangle together to form a solid. We now have the opportunity to study what exactly happens in these nanoscale changes. Nanotechnology gives us many ways to ensure our food is safe and waste is cut down. However, there are many concerns that this form of processing is another way to put more power into the hands of large food companies- yet food has never been safer than it is today largely due to the strict hygiene and sanitation practices these companies follow. As the population continues to grow – so too will the importance of new food technologies like nanotechnology.
Yano with his co-worker developed polyimide/clay nanocomposite films with four different sizes of clay minerals, such as hectorite, montmorillonite, saponite and synthetic mica to understand the effect of aspect ratio on the barrier properties of nanocomposite. They found that at constant clay content (2 wt%), the relative permeability coefficient decreases with increase the length of the clay [92]. Contradictorily, Cloisite 30B is more effective in reducing the water vapor permeability of poly-lactic acid based nanocomposite films and chitosan based nanocomposite film [90, 56]. Similar results about water vapor permeability of bio-nanocomposite films based on other biopolymers, such as whey protein isolate [93-94], starch [95], soy protein isolate [96-97], poly(caprolactone) [29] and wheat gluten [98] have been
Everything on Earth is made up of atoms. The clothes we wear, the food we eat, the buildings and houses we live in, and even our own bodies. Today's scientists and engineers are discovering a wide variety of ways to deliberately make materials at the nanoscale in order to take advantage of their enhanced properties. Such as a higher strength, a lighter weight, an increased control of light spectrum, and a greater chemical reactivity than their bigger counterparts. It is more than just mixing nanoscale materials together, it requires that we understand how to precisely manipulate and control these materials in a useful way. Nanotechnology is a new and broad science where diverse fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering converge. The way consumers respond to these early products, will be the test for broader market acceptance of nanotechnologies in the future.
For most foods, the faster it spoils, the healthier it is. However, in the globalisation and rapid invention of technologies plus the shifting eating habit of mankind, we need our food to last for as long as possible. For this purpose of increasing food’s shelf life, the food industry has created an era of convenience for consumers through packaged, preserved, emulsified, pasteurized, sterilized, irradiated, chemically altered foods and all sorts of food processing techniques. The needs for food processing is simple as living foods contain dense amount of nutrients and will perish within days to weeks while processed foods can last months or even years due to the removal of all microorganisms, enzymes, oxygen, and moisture in food. The development of food processing technology has indeed expanded the potential of food supplies greatly in the modern era. Despite the advantages of being shelf-stable for a longer period, there is still advice that tells us to avoid processed foods as much as possible. At this point, we are wondering what processed foods are and why it is so important to avoid them.