Normal Iron Metabolism:
If the body is absorbs an enough of the right nutrients a well balanced diet will be achieved. Roughly 2mg of iron is lost daily due to desquamation of epithelia. Iron is mainly lost at a more drastic rate during menstruation cycles, haemorrhages. During pregnancy there is a more drastic demand for iron which also increases iron absorption to 20%.
The two main absorption sites of iron is the duodenum and the upper duodenum. The divalent metal transporter takes the absorbed iron across the intestinal epithelial cells. Metals such manganese copper, cobalt and zinc (good metals), cadmium, lead (bad metals) are also so facilitated by the transporter. An erythrocyte releases iron through a passage known as the ferroportin and into the bloodstream. Transferrin (transport protein) binds the iron within the bloodstream.
During the process of metabolism between 20 and 45 % of the transferrin sites are full. Very little of the bound iron formed (0.1%) in all of the body is moving towards the transferrin. Any of the iron that was absorbed is used for erythropoiesis in t...
Red blood cells deliver the oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body.
Aconitase is an enzyme in the TCA cycle that is located in both the cytosol and mitochondria. It is a widely used marker of oxidative stress and is an important point of iron regulation (fig. 3). Aconitase is sensitive to oxidative stress because it contains iron sulfur clusters that are released under conditions of low iron or high oxidative stress. After aconitase releases its Fe-S clusters, it undergoes a conformational change and becomes iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1). This increases cellular iron absorption and decreases iron storage through regulating iron transport and storage proteins.
Hemochromatosis, originating in people of Western European descent, is a disease that is still carried in the chromosomes of humans. Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease that disrupts the way the body metabolizes iron. (Moalem, 2) A person who has hemochromatosis absorbs abundant amounts of iron. While mistaking the body for not having enough iron, it absorbs more that it needs, which causes piles of iron to form in the joints, muscles, and major organs. This buildup can cause liver failure, heart failure, diabetes, arthritis, infertility, psychiatric disorders, and cancer. When discovered by Armand Trousseau in 1865, it was looked at as extremely rare. (Doctors Lounge, post) Later on in history, it was discovered that many people with western European descent either carried or expressed the hemochromatosis gene. Statistics show 1 in 4 people with western descent carry the gene for hemochromatosis, but only 200 people of western European descent express the gene. (Mo...
Hemochromatosis is a disease which makes your body absorb all of the iron in food, instead of regulating iron intake. Hemochromatosis “attacks” the entire body, especially the places where most of the iron normally goes: the bloodstream and liver. Some symptoms of this disease are bone and joint discomfort, liver problems, irregular heartbeat, and an unusual bronzing of the skin. Armand Trousseau first described it in 1865 as Diabetes bronze, due to people with diabetes showing the bronze-skin symptom. It was thought to be quite rare at the time. About “⅓ or ¼ of people of Western European descent have th...
Nutritionism is an ideology that believes that the nutrients in foods are the key to understanding them. Nutritionism believers are so focused on the nutrients that food contains that they forget about all other aspects of food. The problem is that consumers rely on packaging to tell them what nutrients a food provides, since nutrients cannot be obviously seen, and they rely on science to tell us what nutrients are good and which are “evil”.
According to the details given in case study, Ms. A has iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It is a condition where the blood lacks enough red blood cells (Clark, 2008). When there are a low number of red blood cells, it makes transportation of oxygen to parts of the body very difficult. Iron deficiency is type of anemia due to the lack of iron in the body. Without the proper amount of iron in the body, it cannot produce enough hemoglobin and since hemoglobin is the main carrier of oxygen, low levels of it can lead to tiredness and shortness of breath (Copstead, Banasik, 2010).
The heme prosthetic group, a protoporphrin IX ring structure with an iron atom ion the ferrous (Fe2+) oxidation state exist in both in myoglobin and he...
Absorption is the way of digesting the food molecules into the small intestine. This process of absorption pass throughout the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The bloodstream carried out all important nutrients to the
Iron is an essential part of a healthy diet. Iron compounds are employed for medicinal purposes in the treatment of anemia, when the amount of hemoglobin or the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood is lowered.
In this experiment, we determined the isotonic and hemolytic molar concentrations of non-penetrating moles for sheep red blood cells and measured the absorbance levels from each concentration. The results concluded that as the concentration increased the absorbance reading increased as well. A higher absorbance signifies higher amounts of intact RBCs. The isotonic molar concentration for NaCl and glucose is 0.3 M. The hemolysis molar concentration for NaCl and glucose is 0.05 M. Adding red blood cells to an isotonic solution, there will be no isotonic pressure and no net movement. The isotonic solution leaves the red blood cells intact. RBC contain hemoglobin which absorbs light, hemoglobin falls to the bottom of the tube and no light is absorbed. Determining the isotonic concentration of NaCl and glucose by finding the lowest molar concentration. In contrast to isotonic molar concentration, hemolysis can be determined by finding the
Nutritionism and Today’s Diet Nutritionism is the ideology that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components. In the book, “In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan, he critiques scientists and government recommendations about their nutritional advice. Pollan presents a strong case pointing out the many flaws and problems that have risen over the years of following scientific studies and government related warnings on the proper amount of nutrients needed for a healthy diet. Pollan’s main point is introducing science into our food system has had more of a negative impact than a positive one, we should go back to eating more of a traditional diet. I believe food science has given us
Iron Deficiency Anemia affects millions of individuals across the world. This disease strikes many more women than men and has harmful effects on all who suffer from this deficiency that causes oxygen-carrying capacity to decrease. The causes can vary amongst different groups, but the aggravating symptoms remain constant. Much of the research on Iron Deficiency Anemia concentrates on not only the treatment of this disease, but also the prevention of it. To attain a better understanding of how to treat this problem, one must clearly know what Iron Deficiency Anemia means, what causes this disease, the effects of it, and finally how to cure it.
If you frequent health forums or fitness blogs, you'll have read the word “macros” before. The word is short for macronutrients. That leads to the question, “what are macronutrients?”
First of all , the job that I will do in my future is nutritionist – a person who is giving advise on matters of nutrition and also food impacts on health is called as a nutritionist. I love food ! But how to eat healthy is the most important thing. Eating healthy food does not really mean your body will be healthy. This is because , the person may be eating too much of a particular food and his or hers body has too much of the nutritients and lead to a bad effects to body . By saying the words ‘nutritionist’, people usually will ask me , what types of nutrition you actually want to ? Before that, let me introduce the types of jobs of nutritionist. There are hospital nutritionist , academic nutritionist , independent practice
Health, nutrition and fitness are the three interrelated areas that determine an individual's sense of happiness and well being.