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Nursing codes of conduct summary
Ethics in patient care
Nursing codes of conduct summary
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Ethics refers to an expected behavior of a certain group in relation to what is considered right or wrong. Right or wrong is based on society norms and values. The principles of ethical behavior pertaining to patient care include autonomy, beneficence, justice, fidelity, veracity, and respect for others. The ability of the client to make personal decisions, even if those decisions are not in their best interest is called autonomy. Beneficence is the care that is in the best interest of the client. Fidelity means keeping one’s promise to the client about the care that was offered. All clients must be treated fairly regarding physical and psychological care. This is known as justice. Nonmaleficence means the nurse has obligation to avoid causing
You can identify whether it is an ethical dilemma by answering three questions. Can it be solved solely by a review of scientific data? Does it involve a conflict between two moral imperatives? Could the answer to the problem have a profound effect on the situation/client?
2.) State the ethical dilemma, including all surrounding issues and individuals involved.
3.) List and analyze all possible options for resolving the dilemma, and review implications of each option.
4.) Select the option that is in concert with the ethical principle applicable to this situation, the decision maker’s values and beliefs, and the profession’s values set forth for client care. Justify why that one option was selected.
5.) Apply this decision to the dilemma and evaluate the outcomes. (Henry et al., 2016) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements: Nurses must have respect for the dignity, worth, and human rights of all patients regardless of culture, religion or lifestyle in order to establish trust. We must recognize the patient’s right to accept or refuse treatment and overcome our own bias and ideas while administering health care. We are obligated to know and understand the moral and legal rights of all patients. The same respect should be extended to all professional
The article discusses research that was done asking oncologists what their feelings were in delivering bad news to their patients. As stated in the article, “the analysis found that the majority of oncologists considered delivering unwelcome information to be emotionally difficult and unpleasant.” (Medscape, 2017). On this particular article they initiated a peer poll with a four questions for fellow healthcare professionals to answer. Questions two and three really caught my eye. Given our knowledge of ethics, I was surprised to see that question two reveals that forty-five percent of the people who answered this poll have delayed giving a patient bad news about their health. In question three we read the feelings of doctors upon having to give their patients bad news about their health. Fifty-eight percent responded their main feeling was anxiety. While we are aware the ethical response in these situations is to promptly give the patient all of the news available, the human response can have an effect as
Ethical principles are judgments that serve as a basic justification for the ethical evaluation of one’s action. They are the viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained along the pathway to a decision. According to the Journal of the American Nurse Association, ethical principles are the general goals that each theory tries to achieve in order to be successful. The widely accepted prima facie ethical principles are; Autonomy, duty to respect one’s right. Beneficence, the desire to do good. Non-maleficence refers to avoidance of harm or hurt. Justice, duty to treat one fairly. (Beauchamp, 2004). While some of the ethical dilemmas includes: ensuring informed consent, determining decision-making capacity, promoting advance care planning, surrogate decision-making, withdrawing and withholdi...
Truth in medicine is a big discussion among many medical professionals about how doctors handle the truth. Truth to a patient can be presented in many ways and different doctors have different ways of handling it. Many often believe that patient’s being fully aware of their health; such as a bad diagnosis, could lead to depression compared to not knowing the diagnosis. In today’s society doctor’s are expected to deliver patient’s the whole truth in order for patients to actively make their own health decisions. Shelly K. Schwartz discusses the truth in her essay, Is It Ever Ok to Lie to Patients?. Schwartz argument is that patients should be told the truth about their health and presented and addressed in a way most comfortable to the patient.
We have one resident in the long-term facility who has stage four cancer of spinal cord and he has been suffering from intense pain. Every time when I enter his room, he cries and implore to the god that he can minimize his suffering. He has prescription of hydromorphone 8 mg every 4 hourly PRN , oxycodone 5 mg every 6 hourly and 50 mcg of fentanyl path change every 3rd day. After giving all scheduled and PRN medicine his pain level remains same as before. When I see that patients I feel like to give highest dose of medicine as well as alternative pain management therapy so that he can have some comfort but ethically I have no right to do that. He is hospice but he has no comfort at all. Following are the nine steps of Uustal ethical decision making model.
Nurses everywhere face problems and challenges in practice. Most of the challenges occur due to a struggle with the use of ethical principles in patient care. Ethical principles are “basic and obvious moral truths that guide deliberation and action,” (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, 2014). Ethical principles that are used in nursing practice include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity, confidentiality, justice, and fidelity. These challenges not only affect them, but the quality of care they provide as well. According to the article, some of the most frequently occurring and most stressful ethical issues were protecting patient rights, autonomy and informed consent to treatment, staffing problems, advanced care planning, and surrogate decision making (Ulrich et. al, 2013). The ethical issue of inadequate staffing conflicts with the principle of non-maleficence.
moral decisions, we will be analyzing why this scenario poses a dilemma, possible actions that
During week 4, we became familiar with the application of ethics in the nursing practice settings. We learned about ethical theories and principles, which are crucial when practicing in any clinical settings during ethical decision-making and while facing one or multiple ethical dilemmas. Also, we were introduced to the MORAL model used in ethical decision – making progress. The MORAL model is the easiest model to use in the everyday clinical practice, for instance at bedside nursing. This model can be applyed in any clinical settings and its acronyms assist
As mentioned by the Cherry and Jacob (2014), “nursing ethics is a system of principles concerning the actions of the nurse in his or her relationship with patients, patients’ family members, other health care providers, policymakers, and society as a whole”
The Code of Ethics for Nurses was created to be a guide for nurses to perform their duties in a way that is abiding with the ethical responsibilities of the nursing profession and quality in nursing care. The Code of Ethics has excellent guidelines for how nurses should behave, however; these parameters are not specific. They do not identify what is right and wrong, leaving nurses having to ultimately make that decision. Ethics in nursing involves individual interpretation based on personal morals and values. Nursing professionals have the ethical accountability to be altruistic, meaning a nurse who cares for patients without self-interest. This results in a nurse functioning as a patient advocate, making decisions that are in the best interest of the patient and practicing sound nursing ethics.
According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), (2010) “the nurse promotes, advocates for and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient” (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted upon at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment of the patient’s well being, as well as taking into account the rights of the patient in every action, is one of the key elements in nursing practice. International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2006) states “The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal conduct which reflect well on the profession and enhance public confidence” (p. 3).
582). Ethical decision making is defined as “The process of choosing between actions based on a system of beliefs and values” (Black, 2014, p. 347). The nurse handling the ethical problem must first identify that there is in fact a problem. The second step is to acquire all of the required information related to the current situation. The third step is to come up with multiple choices and options to solve the ethical problem. The fourth step is to actually pick one of the choices utilizing sound ethical judgement. The fifth step would be to enact the made decision. The final step in the process is to reassess your decision and look for effectiveness and
The term nursing ethics means that the nurse has an obligation judge what is right and wrong in her or his duties as guided by the profession or the moral principles that govern the profession and as prescribed by the professional body. Nursing ethics initially encompassed virtues that were desired in a nurse. At the time, these virtues included physician loyalty, commitment to high moral character and obedience. Evolvement of nursing profession gradually made nurses embrace patients’ advocacy. As patient advocates, nurses work as part of an interdisciplinary team to provide patient care. Nursing ethics have kept pace with the advancement of the nursing profession to include a patient-centered focus, rather than a physician-centered focus.
Ethics and integrity are essential parts of the nursing profession since they provide nurses with the capacity for weighing in on the impacts that their actions may have on the profession (Guido, 2014). However, maintaining high levels of ethics and integrity may create significant challenges for nurses some of which impact on their position as healthcare providers. One of the key challenges that nurses experience as part of their profession is increased cases of ethical dilemmas some of which impact on their abilities to make decisions based on the interests of their patients. The nursing code of ethics indicates the need for nurses to ensure that the decisions or actions they take reflect on the interests
The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos, which means character (1). Being moral always fills a nurse with morals respects, guidelines of good judgment and expert lead. There are three essential obligations for nurses, among many other which are the duty of autonomy, confidentiality, and obligation of care to all patients (2). There are professional duties with becoming distinctly legitimate obligations if any law and policies are ruptured in between professional practice. In 2001, a review found that there was an apparent requirement for more guidance on moral predicaments inside the medical professionals, subsequent to expanding legal cases and open request (3). Medical attendants ought to withstand to regulatory law and statutory law while managing the nursing practice.
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
The ethical principles that apply to this case include respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, veracity, and fidelity. Ethical principles are set to guide nurse’s actions in an ethical situation, therefore it is essential that nurses understand them so they are able to apply them appropriately (Burkhardt et al., 2014).