Chapter # 03
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
3.1 Introduction:
This section will describe the basic introduction of automatic transfer switch.
3.1.1 Periodic Switching Problem:
The problem with this arrangement is the switching of Power between Local Utility and the Self owns generator. Whenever local utility is off, Generator must be turned on and inversely, for economical operation. it is the requirement that generator must be turned off when utility’s supply is again restored.
This periodic switching scheme between utility and generator can be handled manually at small scales but in cases when there are more than one generator or there is tough industrial environment, manual switching is not a fast and economical procedure. Uneconomical in a sense that you will need personnel to handle this manual operation.
3.1.2 Solution to the Problem:
The only answer to the problem is to make the switching system Automatic. The Automatic switch will shift the load from Utility to Generator (By turning it on) whenever Utility will be OFF, and conversely it will turn off the Generator and will shift the load on utility when Utility Supply is Restored.
3.1.3 The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS):
A transfer switch is an electrical switch that reconnects electric power source from its primary source to a standby source. Switches may be manually or automatically operated. An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is often installed where a backup generator is located, so that the generator may provide temporary electrical power if the utility source fails.
For example, in a home equipped with a backup generator and an ATS, when an electric utility outage occurs, the ATS will tell the backup generator to start. Once the ATS sees that the generator is r...
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...ed on.
3.4.2 When WAPDA Supply is again restored (Turning Generator OFF)
1. But wapda supply is continuously being monitored, whenever it turns > 180 volts, its circuit is turned on and generator’s circuit is turned off.
2. In this way generator is turned OFF.
3.5 REAL TIME SIMULATIONS:
2 Simulations are shown below:
3.5.1 WAPDA Circuit is Turned ON.
1- First with wapda supply turned on i-e generator’s circuit is OFF.
2- Glowing Yellow Led indicates that Wapda circuit is ON
Figure 3.8: Simulation 1
3.5.2 WAPDA Circuit is Turned OFF.
1. Second when wapda supply is turned off .
2. Note the green LED, which is glowing showing that generator is turned ON.
Figure 3.9: Simulation 2
3.6 Hardware Work:
Figure 3.10: Hardware Picture
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