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Elizabeth Blackwell contributions to society
Elizabeth Blackwell contributions to society
Elizabeth Blackwell contributions to society
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Elizabeth Blackwell
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female physician in America, struggled with sexual prejudice to earn her place in history. She was born in Bristol, England on February 3, 1821 to a liberal and wealthy family. She was the third daughter in a family of nine children. Her father, Samuel Blackwell, believed in the value of education and knowledge and hired a governess for the girls, even though many girls were not educated in those days. In 1832, the family sugar cane plantation went bankrupt, forcing the family to move to America.
As a young lady, Elizabeth Blackwell was similar to other women her age. She had an emotional and passionate nature and had many romantic pursuits. However, in 1838, she moved with her family to Cincinnati, Ohio to escape the charged atmosphere of New York City, New York because of her father's very vocal abolitionist standing. Later that same year, Samuel Blackwell died, leaving the three older Blackwell girls to take care of the family, which was traditionally a male role. When she was seventeen years old, Elizabeth began a boarding school for ladies with her two older sisters despite society's opinion of what young ladies should and should not do. Once her brothers were old enough to support the family, Elizabeth refused to give up her teaching career. She went to Kentucky, a South state where she was forced to deal with many prejudices. Upon her arrival, she discovered that the slow-moving Kentuckians were not yet ready for her. In a letter to her sister, she wrote:
The schoolhouse was hardly selected, the windows were broken, the floor and wall filthy, the plaster falling off, and the scholars unnotified of my arrival.
After beginning her teaching job there, she was shocked by the ignorance of the locals. As a young lady, she was not supposed to be intelligent, but her father had taught her well. She was utterly appalled at the lack of educational exposure in Kentucky. She wrote in a letter to her sister, Emily, that:
Carlyle's name has never even been distantly echoed here; Emerson is a perfect stranger; and Channing, I presume, would produce a universal fainting fit.
Another issue that presented her with difficulties in her teaching job was that of slavery and abolitionism. She had been raised a block away from Harriet Beecher Stowe and had heard stories from Harriet Tubman...
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...were supposed to be mothers. In a journal entry, Elizabeth recorded the importance of Kitty by saying "I have recognized the truth of this part of my nature, and the necessity of satisfying its wants that I may be calm and free for wider work." In 1856, Emily Blackwell graduated from Case Western University, and on May 7, 1857, the two sisters, with the help of Dr. Marie Zackrzewska, founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.
Elizabeth Blackwell continued to buck societal restraints during the Civil War, when she founded the United States Sanitary Commission. Later, she moved to England and wrote Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of Their Children in Relation to Sex, which was met with widespread disapproval. After its publication, she wrote "Looking now at the very reticent way in which the subject is treated in this little book, it is difficult to believe such an episode could have occurred." Upon her death in Hastings, England on May 31, 1910, there were 7,399 women physicians in the United States alone. Throughout her life, Elizabeth Blackwell fought sexual prejudices in her attempt to improve the condition of women and the world in which she lived.
James, Edward, Janet James, and Paul Boyer. Notable American Women, 1607-1950. Volume III: P-Z. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971. Print.
Growing up, Abigail never attended a real school; she was barely even home-schooled. At home she hardly learned to read and write, and she was taught little music or dance to develop the girly charm. During this time the colonies acted as though education for females was not a necessity so when Abigail was taught it happened at home and she was usually taught by her parents, older sister, or her grandparents. Abigail was never taught the rules of writing and it was not until the marriage of her older sister Mary to Richard Cranch that allowed her to get involved with literature. “To our dear and venerable Brother Cranch do I attribute my early taste for letters; and for the nurture and cultivation of those qualities which have since afforded me much pleasure and satisfaction.”
Elizabeth Stanton was born on the 12th of November 1815, in Johnstown New York. She was fortunate enough to enjoy a privileged life and grew up among the wealthy. The daughter of Daniel Cady, a prominent judge and Margaret Livingstone, she was the eighth of eleven children. Stanton received the best education available at the time for a young woman, attending Johnstown Academy for girls, where she studied Latin, Greek, mathematics, religion, science, French, and writing until the age of 16. After finishing her degree, Stanton married abolitionist Henry Stanton and gave birth to 7 children between 1842 and 1859. She died on October 26th, 1902.
As the President elect of the United States in 1960, John F. Kennedy aspired, to accomplish much during his presidency. Kennedy confidently called his initiatives “The New Frontier” taking on numerous major challenges. Some of the challenges were boosting the United States economy by ending a recession and promoting growth in the economy, aiding third world countries by establishing the Peace Corps sending men and women overseas to assist developing countries in meeting their own necessities. Additional challenges were too built-up the United States National Defense and furthered the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) programs. Kennedy had designed an ambitious legislative agenda for the preceding years of his term. Tragically, John F. Kennedy, himself did not live to see the majority of his New Frontier enacted. However, with the enactment in 1964-1966, of Kennedy’s agenda during his final year, he acquired the respect, as a liberal force for change, following his death (U.S. Department of State, n.d.).
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born into a family of eleven on November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, New York. Elizabeth was passionate about gender equality from a small age. One of the main reasons Elizabeth became so passionate about women’s rights was from an encounter with her father. Since Elizabeth was little, she was aware of the fact that there were gender equality issues in society. Elizabeth’s brother had passed away and one night Elizabeth was sitting on her fathers lap and her father told her that he wished she were a boy. Hearing the statement infuriated Elizabeth and she wanted to do anything she could to prove to her dad that she could do all the same things her brother was capable of doing. She began to take upper level math and language classes, and would win competitions even though she was the only girl in the competition. It was very rare for women to be educated during this time period, but Stanton was considered lucky because she received a good education. Elizabeth married Henry B. Stanton. They had seven kids together. Her passion in women’s equality was rekindled when she was thirty-three years old. Elizabeth Stanton and her husband attended an anti slavery convention in London. During this convention the British excluded the women delegates which made Stanton livid and she knew she needed to take action immediately. She decided, with the help of other women, to hold a women’s right meeting.
Elizabeth’s dedication to women 's rights sometimes created a tiff in her marriage but, that was completely unknown to many, “Elizabeth kept silent while her husband was having a grand old time in the thick of things. But whatever arguments the couple engaged remained between them (89). Not only did the women 's rights cause problems in her marriage it also created problems in many other relationships. Elizabeth Cady Stanton continuously pushed boundaries like with her fashion, “That spring Stanton, Lucy Stone, and Amelia Bloomer had traded in their cumbersome attire for the “‘Bloomer costume”’ and thus made the dress reform” (80). Her family was apposed to her wearing fants they were so upset by it that some did not even want to talk to her or be around her while she wore bloomers. She didn’t mind causing an uproar or being judged and ridiculed constantly. She did what ever it took to make a stand and do what was needed to succeed. During this time period of the mid 1800s and beyond that, Elizabeth would be considered a “maverick”. Though there were many women, and a select few men who actively participated in the movement of women 's rights, most people did not stand up for what they believed in, or did not have the literary needed to express themselves, and some were even opposed to what Elizabeth and other reformers were doing. The majority of people did not help the womens rights movement, making it a out of the social norm to be a part of. Elizabeth was one of the few that spoke up for what she believed in, and never let societies view put her down or make her feel inferior to men. Being the one to stand up and create a change is a difficult thing to do, it takes confidence and aspiration that Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born on November 12, 1815 in Johnstown, New York. She was the daughter of Margaret Livingston and Daniel Cady, who was a lawyer and congressman himself. She was a daughter of ten, but experienced hardships during her childhood by losing her siblings. Four out of her five brothers died during early stages of their lives, and the fifth brother died after graduating college at Union. The passing her brother, Eleazar, profoundly affected her father’s attitude due to the fact her family was centered on the men. As she tried to console her father he said how he wished she was a boy. This small statement from her father led to her dedication to changing society’s unreasonable treatment of women. She graduated from Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminar in 1832. While with her cousin, she met fugitive slaves that were staying in his house. Visiting her cousin Gerrit Smith, a former reformer, led her to take place in women’s rights, abolitionist, and temperance movements. This really sparked her resilient anti-slavery views.
In 1960 on July 13th Johnson was nominated for President of the United States by Sam Rayburn, a Speaker of the House of Representatives. On November 8th Johnson was elected Vice President of the United States and was re-elected to his third term in the United States Senate. On November 22nd, Johnson had become the 36th President of the United States after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas. Due to all the aftershock of Kennedy’s death, Johnson was given a climate that gave him the opportunity to finish the unfinished work of Kennedy’s New Frontier. Once Johnson became President a couple of very important pieces of legislation were passed. The first was the Civil Rights Bill that Kennedy had promised to sign. The second was the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Johnson also did great things involving the Vietnam war, the Dominican Republic, He passed the Higher Education Act, Johnson also worked on the Elimination of Poverty and Stopping racial injustice. Johnson often was noticed as an ambitious, tireless, and imposing figure. He was ruthlessly effective at getting legislation passed. Johnson usually worked a number of 18 to 20 hour days with no break and usually was always absent of any leisure activities.
When Johnson was a Vice President, he was the head of the space program. He also worked to push for equalities amongst everyone. He felt that every individual should be equal and have an equal opportunity. Not many other presidents felt the same way about equal opportunities. After President Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson had to step up to the plate and take control. He handled the situations with mass calmness because he knew what he had to do. Sure the assassination came as a surprise to America and Johnson, but distant measure had to be taken and Lyndon B. Johnson became the United States President on November 22, 1963 (November 22, 1963: Death of the President).
Mary Eliza Mahoney was born May 7, 1845 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Smith, J, & Phelps, S, 1992) Mary Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse. She spent over 40 years as a private duty nurses going to sick people’s homes nursing them back to health. She was such a wonderful private duty nurse that after joining a nursing directory, Mary was called upon time after time by the families that hired her all over the country near and faraway. Mary Mahoney was a member of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada now known as the American Nurses Association (ANA) since 1896. (Webster, Raymond B, 1999) She was also one of the first members of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) which was a minority nursing organizations that was focused on equality for African-American nurses comparable to that of non minority nurses. Mary was named chaplain of the organization and was later named a lifetime member. After her death on January 4, 1926 from breast cancer the National Association of Colored Graduates Nurses named an award in honor of Mary Eliza Mahoney, after the NACGN was disbanded in 1951 the American Nurses Association continued the Mary Eliza Mahoney award. (Webster, Raymond B, 1999)
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell was a women’s right leader and her family was prominent in emerging the women’s right movement. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to become a doctor, which made her an outlier. An outlier is someone who is usually successful or different from others in a group. For example, she stands out during the women’s reform. She had a very hard time getting into a college because she was a woman but she never gave up, thats what also made her an outlier. Blackwell had a very interesting culture, amazing opportunities and also a lot of practice who made her who she was.
She was old enough to be aware of what was happening around her, approximately a teenager. Allowing her to have been influenced and even participate in the second wave of feminism. Doctor Evans family was of good economic and social standing so that she could go and receive at least three degrees during that time. Her writing thus holds a little bit of her perspective throughout the pages. Doctor Evans was participated in feminist consciousness-raising groups that were common for the time. Feminist consciousness-raising groups sprung up in New York and Chicago and then quickly spread thanks to women such as Doctor Evans. Feminist consciousness-raising groups are sometimes considered the backbone of the second wave and one of the main organizing
Blood pressure, also called hypertension, is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries.
Clarissa Harlowe Barton, born on December 25, 1821, in North Oxford, Massachusetts. Carissa (Clara) was born the youngest of five children to Sarah and Steven Barton. Clara received all of her schooling and life training from her parents, brothers and sisters. Her father who was a once a captain in a war, taught Clara all he knew about the battlefield. Her mother taught her to sew and cook. Her two older sisters Sally and Dorothy taught her to read before she was four years old. Her brother Stephen taught her arithmetic and David her eldest brother taught her everything else; for instance, how to ride anything on anything with four legs, how to shoot a revolver, how to balance and how to take care of and nurse animals. (OTQEF, 1999, p.1) When Clara was 11 years old her favorite brother David, fell from the roof of the barn while trying to fix it, he was seriously injured and was not expected to live. Clara offered to help him and stayed by his side for three years. Her brother recovered thanks to Clara’s help. These learning experiences gave Clara the drive and determination to achieve anything she set out...
historians as being April 16th. Mary became interested in becoming a nurse as a teenage girl.