An American psychologist, Eleanor Maccoby, is known for her research and scholarly contributions in association to family and child psychology. Developmental psychology was the main focus of her studies, but also included the study of parent- child relationships, gender, and social development of a child. Working along Skinner, Maccoby graduated with her Bachelors, Masters and Doctorates from the University of Michigan. After graduation, she then continued her psychology career at Harvard University for several years. She was then offered a job at Stanford University, where she was employed as a professor, conducted research, and became a member along with being the first woman appointed to Chair of the Department of Psychology. Her research resulted in many recognized publications. American Psychological Association recognized Maccoby as one of the most prominent psychologist. She received multiple awards, as well as being the first receiver of an award named in her honor, The Maccoby Award. Eleanor Emmons Maccoby …show more content…
“All of us who were professional women at that time in a sense lived with the consequences of sexism. A group of us did work to try to see if we could redress things. Some of the first women to enter the field of psychological research sought to examine differences between the sexes, even as they suffered from gender discrimination themselves”, Maccoby stated when asked what influenced her passion for research in gender issues. Psychology became a field that she dedicated herself to. B.F. Skinners ideas had a major impact on her and influenced her to consider herself a “hardcore behaviorist”. In her early education, she was a behaviorist and then a learning theorist (APA, 1989). Later, she worked from a cognitive-developmental theory (O'Connell, 1990). The last of her work reflected an interactionist perspective (APA,
Carol Tavris was born in 1944 and received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Michigan. She has published mental health issues and taught courses in psychology. Her articles have been published in magazines like Science Digest, Harpers, Redbook, and the New York Times. She has also published Anger: the Misunderstood Emotion, and The Mismeasure of Woman. For the reason Tavris has a Ph.D. in Social Psychology her intelligence shows through her work. Through this article, one can tell she is very dedicated and interested in her work. Tavris writes to any audience, however, the impact from the article will only be possessed in the persons who have the traits of the people she is writing about. This article is a full attack on human nature and people may feel a little judged after reading it. This is exactly what Tavris wants; she wants people to take a look at their own lives. She expects the audience to change the way they act...
Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman to be elected as president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. The majority of her adult life was dedicated to her work in the development of “psychology of selves.” She was very passionate about the relatively ‘new’ world of psychology and was highly active in the field of philosophy. Mary Whiton Calkins was not deterred in her ambitions because she was a woman, instead she used her struggles to gain a voice and to speak out against the oppression of women during the 1920’s.
Mary Whiton Calkins, is best known for two things: becoming the first woman president of The American Psychological Association and being denied her doctorate from Harvard. However, these two aspects only make up a small portion of what she accomplished in her life. Her entire life was dedicated to her work, especially the development of her Psychology of selves. She founded an early psychology laboratory and invented the paired-associate technique. She passionately dove into the new field of Psychology but also was highly active in the field of Philosophy. She was not deterred by being a woman and used her struggles to gain a voice to speak out against women's oppression. (5)
In Murray’s period, women were always inferior to men in terms of not only physical strength but also intelligence. This writing make today’s society realize that many women have been struggling with the social burdens so that women today receive rights and better opportunities for education and jobs in the society. With her essay Judith Sargent Murray helped to the structure of women’s equality and rights which makes today’s world see women more greatly appreciated and
Human development can be changed and altered by significant life events. This case study will take a look at the documentary, ‘Love, Lust and Lies’ and will explore Josie Peterson’s life from the age of fourteen right through to the age of forty-seven. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory and Burrhus Fredric Skinner’s operant conditioning theory will be introduced and applied to a major life event in Josie’s life.
Gould explains that a life without the pressure of gender norms essentially frees a person to develop and mature with a lack of limitations. It is suggested that the idea that an individual’s sex should not matter until one might decide how they want to portray themselves. She recognizes that people may not understand or accept this life choice, but if one can live ignoring constant ridicule and criticism brought on by a society who value gender norms, they will ultimately be more well-rounded in all aspects of their life. (Gould, 1972) Richardson does not necessarily oppose Gould’s view, but rather focuses on how women specifically are negatively influenced by gender stereotyping. It is brought up that “Linguistic practice perpetuates in men their feelings of dominance over and responsibility for women.” (Richardson, 1981) While females are seen in society as dependent, incompetent, immature objects who are defined in terms of their relation to men, males are autonomous, independent beings who are defined primarily to the world of work. (Richardson, 1981) In Richardson’s view, gender stereotyping not only perpetuates hate and sexism towards women but also forces men to behave a certain way in order to uphold the patriarchy. This idea is so engrained in modern society that it would be difficult to raise a child in the idealistic way Gould
The Boy who couldn’t stop Washing written by DR. Judith Rapoport, published by Penguin books in 1989, containing 292 pages, deals with obsessive compulsive disorder. Dr. Rapoport is a psychiatrist who specializes in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this, book she reveals new drug treatments, new methods in diagnosis and behaviorist therapies. This is done through the study of her patients and their disorders. Rapoport has revealed this secret disease and hopes to bring and understanding about it to all that may suffer from it and to anyone who may want to be informed. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in learning about OCD. It may help those who face this disease everyday of their lives, and make them realize they are not alone. Also will aid in those who do not know much about this disease and give them and understanding and be aware that it surrounds us.
One Who Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a movie that portrays a life story of a criminal named McMurphy who is sent to a mental institution because he believes that he himself is insane. While McMurphy is in the mental ward, he encounters other patients and changes their perception of the “real” world. Before McMurphy came to the mental ward, it was a place filled with strict rules and orders that patients had to follow; these rules were created by the head nurse, Nurse Ratched. However, once McMurphy was in the ward, everything, including the atmosphere, changed. He was the first patient to disobey Nurse Ratched. Unlike other patients who continuously obeyed Nurse Ratched, McMurphy and another patient named Charlie Cheswick decided to rebel
Williams, Juanita H.; Psychology of Women NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1987 Works Cited American Psychoanalytic Association. (Online). Available http://www.APSAA.com Appignanesi, Richard.
It is common to consider the founding year of psychology to be where psychology became a separate science. According to Hergenhahn (2009), this approach is unsatisfactory for two reasons: (1) It ignores the vast philosophical heritage that molded psychology into the type of science it eventually became; and (2) it omits important aspects of psychology that are outside the realm of science. Since the mid-19th century, psychologists have incorporated the scientific method into their work however, the work of many psychologists who did not embrace the scientific method before the mid-19th century cannot be ignored. According to Kendra Cherry, before 1879 there have been many potential contributors to the beginning of what is often called "modern science," the ideas of the French philosopher Rene Descartes are important to science but particularly to psychology. During the 17th-century, he worked to answer the question "Are the mind and body the same, or different?” and that resulted in the development of Cartesian Dualism, which is the idea that mind and body are different, but that the mind can influence the body and the body can influence the mind. This stated that the mind and body were two separate entities that interact to form the human experience. Descartes is mostly known for his principle that thoughts exist which is known as cogito ergo sum. His reason was since thoughts cannot be separated from him, he existed. Additionally, he stated that if he could doubt, then something or someone must also be doing the doubting, therefore the very fact that he doubted proved his existence. The questions of the mind are a major aspect of psychology hence this could have been the beginning of psychology.
Fadiman, J., Frage, R. (1994). Karen Horney and Humanistic Psychoanalysis, in Personality and Personal Growth (pp. 130 – 150). New York: Harper Collins.
Lastly, her thoughts on feminist psychology were not so renowned. In-fact most if not all information regarding Karen was centered around her thoughts on neurosis and psychoanalysis. Although, it may have been hard to believe that Karen was considered one of the most influential women in this particular field. Most if not all of her recognition was centered around her studies of feminist psychology. During her time Karen published 14 papers that would promote her theories on feminist psychology. These theories were sometimes regarded as being better than that of Freud, which was an outstanding accomplishment. In Karen’s research we were able to see how she went against the issues of gender jealousies and stated that it wasn’t penis envy, but
At Wesleyan University, Edward Thorndike’s junior year psychology course was merely a requirement for completing his degree and claimed it offered no spark of inspiration. The desire to pursue psychology came later through required readings from chapters in William James’ book Principles of Psychology. After graduation from Wesleyan University, an opportunity presented itself to Thorndike to work under James at Harvard for his graduate degree. He continued his education under the supervision of James McKeen Catell at Columbia University and in 1898 completed his Ph.D..
Harding, Sandra. Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women’s Lives. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991. 43. Web.
Historically, theories about human nature and personality development did not reflect women’s visions, needs and opinions (Wellesley Centers for Women, 2011: Westkott 1989). However, Karen Horney, a psychoanalyst in the first half of the twentieth century began to question the concept of human nature being only associated with man and not woman (Eckardt, 2005). Through this questioning, Horney began to reinterpret Freud’s psychoanalytic theory on feminine psychology development, accumulating in fourteen papers written between 1922 and 1937 on feminine psychology (Smith, 2007). Published posthumously as Feminine Psychology (1967) these papers had a significant impact on feminist theory and have been cited as the ‘political and theoretical origins’