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Psychological effect of egocentrism
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Egocentric bias is the tendency to see things from one’s point of view or perspective, leading to a distorted view. This creates problems for individuals because they may view themselves in more of a positive, or negative, light depending on the situation. In some situations, individuals will view themselves as a target or a victim of something that is completely unrelated to them. It also can cause individuals to think their ideas are better than another group members.
A study conducted by the Kenyon College looked into how egocentric bias plays a role in perceiving oneself as the victim, or hero, of an event. The first method in the study used four groups of psychology students in an intro level course. In the first two groups the professors
"Id, Ego, Superego, and the Unconscious in Psychology 101 at AllPsychOnline." Psychology Classroom at AllPsych Online. Web. 24 July 2011. .
"Id, Ego, Superego, and the Unconscious in Psychology 101 at AllPsychOnline." Psychology Classroom at AllPsych Online. 21 Mar. 2004. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. .
In Blindspot we read a lot about biases people have and that many do not even know they have a bias. When Zehr makes this statement in The Little Book of Restorative Justice we can see that he will more than likely have biases. These biases that he has are called implicit biases. Implicit biases are biases people have but they don’t realize that they have a bias. Zehr doesn’t say that he has biases but from taking the IAT test we know that almost everyone has some bias without even knowing it. In our class very few people were in the middle which means that they did not have a preference when we took these tests.
Growing up in a very accepting and forward home, I always found myself to be free of most bias. Having been the target of some racial prejudice in the past, I always told myself that I would make sure nobody else had to feel the same way. While this may be a great way to think, it really only covers the fact that you will not have any explicit bias. What I have realized during the course of this class is that implicit bias often has a much stronger effect on us than we might think, and even the most conscious people can be affected.
Attribution is a process which helps people to classify the reason for others behaviour’s and similarly increase knowledge of their unchanging personalities and nature. Kelley's model of covariation is an attribution theory and it makes suggestions to enlighten how and why people behave in a certain way. It is disturbed by two major points, self-perception and social-perception (Kelley, 1973). Furthermore, the attribution theory contracts with in what way the social perceiver uses evidence to decide on fundamental explanations for events. Kelley also sub-divided the possible causes of an outcome, these included, the person (internal), external to distinguish the stimulus, or the circumstance. The theory correspondingly clarifies what information
Implicit bias (also known as Unconscious bias) is an unconscious mental attitude that is either a positive or negative towards a person or object. implicit biases are a very intriguing aspect of the human cognition. However, they can become problematic. Implicit biases can alter behaviour that is opposite to a person’s beliefs or norm, which ultimately effects decision making. To tackle the problems that arise, many researchers have attempted to understand the why implicit biases occur and to develop strategies that help mitigate its negative effects.
"Id, Ego, Superego, and the Unconscious in Psychology 101 at AllPsych Online." Psychology Classroom at AllPsych Online. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. .
Self serving bias and clinging to first impressions are two of the common tendencies in interpersonal communication. The basic definition of self serving bias is when others suffer we tend to be much harsh on their problems, on the contrary, if the same situation happens to us, we always blame the problem and think the causation is outside of ourselves. The first impression is not often accurate, but it does a great deal to us to think of others. I have met both of these interpersonal communication common tendencies in my life.
Implicit egotism is a tendency for people to be attracted to places, things, and other people that are like them. This tendency is caused by unconscious associations between the self and an object, person, or place (Pelham, Carvallo, & Jones, 2005). Previous studies done by Kocan et.al (2009) and Pelham et.al (2003) validate the concept of implicit egotism and rule out any alternate explanation for its effects. A study done by Jones et al. (2002) distinguishes implicit egotism from other similar concepts such as the mere exposure effect.
Our tendency to attribute others’ behaviour to dispositional factors, rather than situational factors are an example of the fundamental attribution error. There is less information out in the environment to make dispositional attributions, so we result to situational attributions. Also, the fundamental attribution error does not make us feel helpless in life because we have control on our own opinions on others. Our tendency to attribute success to dispositional factors and failure to situational factors are examples of the self serving bias. People demonstrate this error due to self-presentation and self-esteem. Also, these attribution errors are a result of our expectation or effort to succeed or fail. The fundamental attribution error and the self serving bias are both errors in attribution, since they propose flaws in attribution theory and how people explain
The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) is a concept within social psychology that assumes when someone is aggressive, it is due to a flaw in their personality as opposed to a reaction to their personal circumstances (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). However, there is typically a situational reason for the other person’s behavior that is not taken into account through the FAE (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). I have been guilty of making the FAE myself; for example, I can think of two situations where my frustration led me to believe that there were flaws in my antagonists’ characters. Recently, my mother wanted me to assist my brother in scheduling classes for the semester. Since I was annoyed that my mother was insisting that I assist him when
An implicit bias can happen on the unconscious level. There are many factors in life that are predetermined and can set a boundary for bias to occur. Gender and occupations are the main areas in which I see implicit biases. Many high end or powerful companies are often run by men and women are usually working underneath them. This stems from the society believing that men should take a science route and women more of a liberal arts pathway. The gender-science IAT, tests for implicit biases and shows how the unconscious mind categorizes gender between science and liberal arts.
Another concept within Kory Floyd’s book, located in chapter four, is an attribution error, a mental shortcut for explaining a behavior. This attribution error is known as self-serving bias. Self-serving bias is the act of giving credit to internal causes for positive reactions and blaming external causes for negative reactions (2011). I often portray myself as someone who uses self-serving bias, even though it seems as if it is the simplistic thing to do. However, I often blame internal causes for negative reactions but keep to
It was at the beginning of my vacation that I realised the world was not all it appeared to be. Up until now, I had always accepted that the world was a collection of material objects independent of myself. As I sit in the airport lounge waiting for my flight, it now seems that everything I see is nothing more than a series of images projected in my mind. The lounge is like a stage set and people, like characters in a film, pass by and disappear. The world, or rather my world, is simply that which exists in my mind, but has no material existence in my mind. Does that mean that the objects of the world have no existence outside my mind?
Attribution occurs when a person attributes an outcome to one or more external or internal factors. The first factor is Fundamental Attribution Error, this is when a person overestimates the role of dispositional factors on one’s behavior. The second factor is the Self-Serving Bias, the Self-Serving Bias is when a person takes credit for their success by attributing them to dispositional factors, and attribute their failures to social factors.