Almost 8 million people are infected with hookworm (Freary et al), in severe cases it can result in death. On the contrary, epidemiological evidence suggests the hookworm may help with allergies and asthma. Two different scientific tests were performed to see if hookworms could help with symptoms of allergies and asthma. The first study was done to determine if hookworm infection would help airway responsiveness in a person who has allergies. The second study tested “to see the effects of experimental hookworm infection in asthma” (Freary et al). In comparison both the studies were trying to use hookworms as a treatment for issues with people’s immune systems. Contrastingly, the first study (based on allergies) had to be conducted first in order for the second study (asthma) to be conducted due to safety precautions. The allergy study also had to be conducted first to see if anything would even happen. Before these studies were performed there were two similar previously done studies. One of the studies tested hookworm intensity with normal people. It was important to have these studies as information for the two being analyzed for information on safety and the effects.
Both of the studies were testing to see if hookworm could improve the symptoms of different issues that people may have in their immune system. One was focusing on hookworm infection and its effect on allergies while the other focused on the effect on asthma. The allergy study had to be tested first in order to make sure the asthma study was safe to perform. Through the studies the researchers hoped to gain knowledge of whether or not hookworms could help or exacerbate the symptoms of allergies and asthma. In the first experiment 30 people who have rhino-conjuncti...
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...R, but not substantially.
From these experiment many questions and future studies are brought to the table. Some questions about the experiment may include the reliability of the test suspects. Due to the different lifestyles and conditions of each test subject it could have and affect on the results of the experiment. Also the article states that there could have been a mistake in the values of PD__AMP. A future study similar to this may be hookworm’s effect on other disease like issues in the immune system. It would relate to the past two studies because in both of the previously done studies it tested the hookworm’s effect on issues with the immune system. The future studies could be improved by making the test suspects in the most similar conditions and lifestyles as possible. Also they could use a larger number of test subjects to have more accurate results.
In Dunn’s article the passage in which I learned something new is in page 279 where he states that, his friend and his team had discovered antibiotic resistant bacteria in flies that flock around pig farms. Dunn overlooks the nuances of the study; perhaps the actual numbers and types of test done, for the benefit of the non scientific reader to understand the magnitude of the issue.
Identify the hypothesis (testable question) that the study was trying to answer and describe the methods of research used in each study.
The main results that doctors were trying to obtain from this experiment was to gain information about how African Americans men’s bodies reacted to syphilis. During the 1930’s, society believed that black men were inferior to white men, so diseases were supposed to affect differently black men. This study in particular, the participants were not informed about the capacity that this disease could damage their human system and they were not viewed as a human being and they were used as lab rat. Furthermore, one of the doctors who were involved in this experiment Dr. Raymond Vonderlehr used the term “necropsy” that is an autopsy performed on animals when speaking about the participants of this experiment (Mananda R-G, 2012).
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
I. Heartworm Disease is a very serious disease that affects and kills thousands of dogs each year. II. I would like to share some important information about this disease, especially if you are an owner or plan to become an owner of a dog. III. I am the owner of a beautiful mix breed named Cocoa.
...elmeier. "Translation of Research Evidence from Animals to Humans." Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 296.14 (2006): 1731-2. Print.
Hookworm infection is an infection caused by parasitic roundworms that can live in the intestines or lungs. Hookworm infection is uncommon in the United States but is very common in developing parts of the world, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
and Europe, which include reduction of animal use, refine animal study techniques, and animal testing replacement. According to Dana ,Bidnall, “Animals are also used, and subsequently killed, every year in many other types of laboratory experiments, from military testing to simulated car crashes to deliberately introduced diseases such as AIDS and Alzheimer 's”(49). Bidnal also states that, “These experiments take place in labs at universities, pharmaceutical companies, and testing agencies, and on farms and military bases around the world”(49). The author suggest,”Researchers who conduct experiments on animals argue that it would be unethical to test substances with potentially adverse side effects on humans; animals are good surrogates because their responses are similar to humans”(49).Bidnal contends with ,”However, some animals are chosen for other reasons”(49). According to Bindal, “Animal testing is not the only option in toxicity testing”(50). Bidnal states, “Alternatives are widely available and include human clinical and epidemiological studies; experiments with cadavers, volunteers,and patients; computer simulation and mathematical models; and in vitro (test tube) tissue culture techniques, to name just a
Point of view: Web. 14 February 2016. The article provides specific examples of illnesses and diseases which have been cured by animal testing that both humans and animals have benefitted from. This supports my topic of animal experiments being used for medical advancements. Pointing out that law often requires that products be tested before being sold to the public, George and Wagner additionally help prove my claim that product testing is a purpose of animal experimentation.
Most of you may not think of asthma as a killer disease, yet more that 5,000 Americans die of asthma each year. According to the Mayo Clinic web page, asthma also accounts for more that 400,000 hospital discharges annually. As the number of people with asthma increases, the more likely you are to come in contact with a person who has the disease. As far as I can remember, I have had asthma my whole life. My mother and one of my sisters also have asthma, so I have a first hand experience with it. This morning, I will discuss some interesting facts about asthma, I will specifically focus on what it is, warning signs, symptoms, causes, and the treatments that are used.
DISCUSS THE PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES POSED BY SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTIONS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD AND MORE SO IN AFRICA AND STATE HOW THE INFECTIONS COULD BE EFFECTIVELY CONTROLLED.
The purpose of this paper is to focus on a subject within my educational field that I can research and inform the public about. I plan to become a veterinarian .which would require my daily contact with humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are risk factors that I have to be aware of in order to protect myself as well as my patients and their owners. Luckily developments in medicine have made it possible to cure zoonotic diseases and even prevent them from ever being contracted.
Throughout centuries medical research has been conducted on animals. “Animals were used in early studies to discover how blood circulates through the body, the effect of anesthesia, and the relationship between bacteria and disease” (AMA 59). Experiments such as these seem to be outdated and actually are by today’s means, scientists now study commonly for three general purposes: (1) biomedical and behavioral research, (2) education, (3) drug and product testing (AMA 60). These three types of experiments allow scientists to gain vast amounts of knowledge about human b...
However, as people think about animal rights, and the news that animals are suffering in the experiment, people began to consider stopping all animal testing. Animal testing should not be banned, because it both benefits humans and animals, especially the medical animal testing should be reserved. According to the book “Science, Medicine, and Animals” by the Committee on the Use of Animals in Research, National Academy of Sciences (1991), the animals also provide protection to a lot of endangered animals. Scientists can invent medicine, which is used to treat animal diseases, from animal experiments.