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Effect of Concentration on the Rates of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Marble Chips
Aim;
To investigate how changing the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid
affects the Rate of Reaction of producing 20cm³ of Carbon Dioxide with
Marble Chips.
HCl +calcium carbonate => calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water.
HCl (aq) +CaCO3(s) => CaCl2 (aq) +CO2 (g) +H2O (l)
Theory;
All substances are made up of millions of particles. These particles
may be atoms, molecules or ions. For a reaction to take place, the
particles of the substances that are reacting have to collide. If they
collide, with enough energy, then they will react. The minimum amount
of kinetic energy that two particles need if they are going to react
when they collide is called the activation energy.
The rate of reaction is the speed of the reaction. It is not "how
much" of a product is made, but "how quickly" a reaction takes place.
We can measure the rate of a reaction by measuring how quickly one of
the products is made, or measure how quickly one of the reactants
disappears. In this experiment, we saw how quickly one of the products
- carbon dioxide - is made.
Four things affect the rate of a reaction; concentration, surface
area, temperature and the use of a catalyst. Within this experiment I
looked at concentration and surface area - although temperature may
have still played a part in the final results.
The concentration of a solution is how strong the solution is. In this
experiment, the stronger acid contains more acid particles and less
water particles than a weaker acid. Increasing the concentration of
the solution leads to more collisions so the rate of the reaction goes
up. In a less concentrated solution (diluted hydrochloric acid), the
number of collisions is long so the rate of reaction is slower. With a
more concentrated acid, the number of acid particles is greater, so
the number of collisions is greater, and the rate of reaction is
faster.
Solids with a smaller particle size react more quickly than solids
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid I am investigating the rate of reaction between marble chips (calcium
Although this does not directly increase the number of particles, it does increase the number of particles that are available for the H+ ions to react with. This is shown in diagram 1 of appendix 2. The second way to increase the concentration in my experiment is to increase the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. By doing this you increase the number of H+ ions available to react with the calcium carbonate and therefore the number of collisions per second between the two increase.
because it is the easiest to do! All the rest I will have to keep the
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
Rate of Reaction = Change in Concentration ------------------------------------------ Time Taken for Reaction A chemical reaction is the name given to a substance when it changes. and becomes a completely new substance. It is difficult to reverse.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
The concentration is the amount of particles in a certain amount of water. If a cross is placed under the beaker of the solution, the cross will eventually disappear because the high temperature of the water will make the particles move faster because they have more energy and they will move more quicker to give a bigger impact which will cause more frequent and violent collisions and the solution will disappear as the product forms to create a misty solution. The rate of reaction is normally recorded in tables and can then be defined onto graphs to show how the rate curves of different factors affect the speed of the reaction. A rate curve is the curve of a graph that shows how the reaction changes at different intervals.
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
If there is not enough energy no reaction takes place. In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore, there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants: [IMAGE] Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Apparatus: Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram: [IMAGE] Method: Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires, for each concentration its composition is: Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2M 10 cm³ 0 cm³ 1.5M 7.5 cm³ 2.5 cm³ 1M 5 cm³ 5 cm³ 0.5M 2.5 cm³ 7.5 cm³ 0M 0 cm³
Looking at the table of results above and the graph, it is shown that the higher the temperature got, the shorter the reaction time. The obtained results have been plotted on a line graph of the temperature of hydrochloric acid (y-axis) against reaction time (x-axis). This line graph in fig.2 also clearly shows that as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the reaction, shown by a reduction in the time taken. This corroborates the collision theory, where as the temperature of particles increase, the particles gain more kinetic energy and react with each other upon collision. This is shown as to happen in the hydrochloric acid, where the hydrochloric acid particles collide more with the particles of the magnesium ribbon as the temperature was increased. The above graph shows a gradual sloping curve, which gets steeper at higher temperatures. This shows that the reaction will reach a peak rate of activity as the gaps between the temperature and reaction times continue to decrease. The experiment fulfills the aim and clearly shows that as the temperature of a reaction is increased so does it’s rate of reaction, proving the hypothesis to be correct.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
It will be when there is too much HCl for the marble chips to dissolve
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.
Firstly, we need to keep the chemical at a constant concentration. So, in this experiment we have chosen to keep hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration (5cm3). We could have, however, used Sodium Thiosulphate as a constant, but we had chosen to use Hydrochloric acid. Next, we must make sure that the solution is kept at a constant volume throughout the experiment. If the volume is different, then it could give different results if it was at a constant volume.