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Effects of socioeconomic status on juvenile delinquency
Effects of juvenile delinquency on the criminal justice system
Effects of juvenile delinquency on the criminal justice system
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Purposes: This study intends to use the perspective of three criminal theories: Social disorganization, Differential association and labeling theory to understand and eventually address the issues surrounding education, socioeconomic status and social dilemmas in respect to incarceration amongst juveniles. Specifically, the study intends to answer the following research questions: Does education, socioeconomic status and social dilemmas affect incarceration among Juveniles in America? How can education, socioeconomic status and social problems decrease the rate of incarceration among Juveniles in America? What are some environmental factors that predetermine criminal outcome amongst juveniles? Many questions, theories and researcher are generated in order to tackle an issue of this magnitude. The raw data that one uses to conceptualize may prevent a strong conviction when presenting this type of data amongst a broad spectrum. The intentions of ones study should solely focus on the prevention process rather than just presenting factual material to its audience. Stereotypes, pigeonholes and over-generalizations should be address. Misrepresentation amongst the minority group tends to produce a more compelling statistic. "Adult offenders often begin their criminal careers as children with little hope and little help" (Comey, 2005, p. 12) This research will try and find pre-indicators that will help solve the juvenile delinquency rate.
Nature of the problem:
Do education, economic status and social problems affect incarceration among Juveniles in America? Winters (1997) stated that, "Crime statistics indicate that levels of academic achievement, school attendance and graduation rates play an important r...
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...on Pipeline'; Poor Schools, Summer-Jobs Decline Lead to Drugs Crimes. (2009, June 10). The Washington Times (Washington, DC), p. A17. Retrieved April 26, 2011, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5031386194
Spence, Ralph B. (1950). Impact of education on juvenile delinquency. Journal of Educational Sociology, 24 pp. 3-9 (1), Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/pss/2263979
United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines), adopted
and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 45/112 of 14 December 1990, available at
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp47.htm.
Winters, C. A. (1997). Learning Disabilities, Crime Delinquency, and Special Education Placement. Adolescence, 32(126), 451+. Retrieved January 30, 2011, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000465057
Juvenile delinquency is a problem these days, despite a recent drop in arrests. Roughly 2.5 million juveniles are arrested every year for different crimes in America. About 100,000 of those are violent crimes, however those statistics are slightly inaccurate since only half of juvenile crimes are reported (Juvenile Justice Basic Statistics, 2011). Creating interventions to assist at-risk youth means preventing them from starting on a path to crime is a priority. Juvenile justice system researchers and professionals must gain a better understanding of the contributing elements that cause delinquent behavior.
This paper will analyze the different theoretical issues pertaining to the modern juvenile court, determine their origin, and suggest a course of action for resolving these issues to the best extent possible. It is important to note, however, that the juvenile justice system alone cannot ever prevent all juvenile crime, respond perfectly to every situation or treat every suspect fairly. Furthermore, an effective antidote to modern juvenile crime would necessitate far broader action, addressing underlying social structure inequalities that breed poverty and social disorganization.
Across the wide body of studies delving into delinquency in America, it is easy to locate research on and analysis of minorities, underprivileged socioeconomic urban centers, and turbulent family structures. However, this leaves a significant section of the delinquent population largely neglected: white middle-class youth. Contrary to the factors shown to affect delinquency in others and the applications of theory applied to them, the issues plaguing this particular portion of adolescents are in many cases entirely unique, suggesting the necessity of a more nuanced approach from angles that have up until fairly recently remained unexplored.
From 1990 to to the present there has been a sharp increase in juvenile crime across the United States. From 1996 to the present there has been a slight decline from the statistics in 1995(OJJDP). What was the cause for this uprise in juvenile delinquincy? I will discuss 2 different theories to why there was such an increase in juvenile crime rates. I will analyze the rise of the "Gangsta-Rap" culture in the early 1990's and how it may have affected teenagers that are in lower-income families. Many people believe that the increase in real life violence on television is a cause for violence in juveniles. I will discuss the evidence for this theory. It seems to me that the best theory to explain the rise in juvenile crime is the social constructionist theory. Different sub-cultures of teens have higher crime rates than others because of their interests, whether it be the music that they listen to or the types of television programs that they watched as child.
Thompson, W, & Bynum, J. (1991). Juvenile delinquency. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
In this study Grunwald, Lockwood, Harris, and Mennis (2010) used four different juvenile recidivism outcomes to measure the rate of recidivism among juveniles. One of the outcomes measured new offenses and specific offenses relating to property, drug, or violence. When Grunwald and his team measured for recidivism
There are many issues with crime and violence in the United States, but very few are more controversial than the issue of juveniles in crime. How are juveniles getting involved in crime? What is causing America’s youth to do things that their parents should’ve instilled as morally wrong? What are ways to control and possibly eliminate these issues that affect the way we live? For the past century, criminologists have been studying juvenile related crime and a few theories have come up. These theories have, in the mid to late 20th century, been shaped into models. There are three main models dealing with juvenile crime and violence that will be gone over in pages to follow of this paper: Noninterventionist Model, Rehabilitation Model, and Crime Control Model. In this paper, the reader will see what each model discusses, and how they apply to today’s youth. At the end each model’s description, the reader will learn what I personally think about how the specific model would work. Being a recently turned 20 year-old, I feel I can give an accurate view of how, or if, the crime model would work. Living in both extremely rural(Mokane Missouri), and very urban(St Louis) has taught me a great deal about what really goes on in a juvenile’s head, and what sorts of actions would truly help to decrease crime rates among juveniles. I will give examples from the readings of chapter 13 of Making Sense of Criminal Justice: Policies and Practices, and I’ll conclude with my opinion of which model I believe works best to cope with juvenile crime.
Many in the juvenile justice field have tried to understand the cause of juvenile delinquency. There are many different theories describe the cause and effect of variables and how they react. However, through much research, we have concluded there is not just one single path or journey that determines the fate of the juvenile. There are many different risk factors that build in order to increase a youth's chance of becoming an offender. This is kind of like a domino effect. Risk factors are described as the characteristics that present themselves to determine if the individual or youth will become a delinquent. These factors may include; home life, income status, gender, and social. It can either be one or all that play a part in the way the
Siegel and Welsh further establish that academic failure and delinquency is commonly found in chronic offender, students leaving school having achieved a high school diploma are less likely to resort to delinquencies as compared to those who never graduated high school as recorded by Marvin Wolfgang Philadelphia delinquency in birth cohort study only 9 percentage of the offenders are school graduates. In comparison 40 percent of offender population had 12 or more years of school as compared to the 90 percent of the general population and it is summed up that school experience is a very important factor in shaping an adolescents life.
There are many times that children, even when they face risk, reach their adult life without being involved in any delinquent behaviors. There are risk factors that assist in identifying which adolescents the most need help with preventative measures, however, the category of which children may become serious or chronic offenders as an adult cannot be identified. There are criminal behaviors that relate to juvenile justice. There are also parental and family risk factors that are associated with criminal behavior, as well as, developmental theories of delinquencies.
For years, there has been a debate about what leads to juvenile delinquency. Two reasons repeatedly come up during the debate: education and poverty. The differences and similarities between these two reasons makes one see how this deduction came to be; however, upon closer inspection one can notice how it isn’t one risk factor over another that causes delinquency but a combination of those factors. A child can come up in a rundown neighborhood with little to no money to spread around, but doesn’t live anywhere near a good school within his district. Just by hearing this information, many people would think that this child has a very high chance of becoming a juvenile delinquent because of the said problems however few take into consideration the psychological and biological risk factors in combination with the above said sociological problems or to put it more bluntly, you have to consider ones family.
In the Juvenile Justice System there are many flaws that need to changed. Improving the system is definitely something Society should take into consideration. There are many holes within the juvenile systems that needs to be addressed. In this paper you would see the different options and issues that need to be addressed for a better success rate. Building more resources for families and counseling may solve many problems. The number one cause of juveniles misbehaving. Is just in the 4 Walls of the juvenile’s house. Rebuilding a family may have a better outcome to the juvenile success in the future. The first type of theory I am going to discuss the ecological theory. Ecological theory seeks to explain delinquency based on where
Siegel, L. J. & Senna, J. J. (1988). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice & law (4th ed.). (pp. 100, 103) St. Paul: West Publishing Company.
One of the biggest problems which the United States is faced with is juvenile crime. The reason experts feel juvenile 's commit crimes is because of risk factors when they were younger but experts still have not found the main reason why juvenile 's commit crimes. Some risk factors associated with juvenile crime are poverty, repeated exposure to violence, drugs, easy access to firearms, unstable family life and family violence, delinquent peer groups, and media violence. There are persistent patterns in the delinquency rate. Official arrest statistics, victim data, and self-reports indicate that males are significantly more delinquent than females. Self-report data show that a significant number of adolescents become crime victims. The NCVS
Juvenile delinquency is not by any means a new phenomenon, although the way that juvenile offenders are treated when apprehended is constantly changing. Changes in family structure and urbanization have influenced the way that children act, as well as the way that they are viewed by members of society. Today, juvenile offenders are usually not treated like criminals, but rather given a lighter penance than adults and a ch...