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More handpicked essays just for you.
Appreciating cultural differences to effective communication
Appreciating cultural differences to effective communication
Usage of euphemisms
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In chapters 29 through 32 of Andrea A. Lunsford's book Easy Writer, she discusses numerous tactics successful writers utilize. Beginning in chapter 29 " Writing to the World", Lunsford describes how to competently write for a diversified audience. To accomplish this, Lunsford first explains that a writer must be able to identify the cultural differences within their audience in order to communicate effectively. Additionally, Lunsford states that a writer must clarify their message to ensure the audience understands the meaning while also ensuring that they as a writer understand the audience. Then Lunsford transitions to explaining how a writer can ensure that they meet an audience’s expectations. She then gives details of the expectation on …show more content…
The key to this as Lunsford sees it is appropriateness, and when to change the message to help the audience understand or when a change may be a misstep. One variety of the English language is "standard" or "standard academic" language, this type of language is most commonly used in schools or business settings. However, Lunsford expresses that although standard English is the most common form of language used, it can also vary depending on the purpose or the readers. After that Lunsford describes, the varieties of language that can induce a sense of place or community. The author illustrates ways a writer can take advantage of the local colloquial expressions or slang to further induce a sense of place. Lastly, Lunsford depicts how the English language can create credibility with a community. Lunsford explains that the ancestry and heritage of people remain with them in their language, and a writer can use both standard and local language to assist them in building credibility within a community. But Lunsford does warn writers not to use this tactic if they are not a member of the community or culture as it can have the reverse effect. Consequently, this will demolish the …show more content…
Ultimately, the word choices a writer makes can impact the audience's feelings and expectations. Lunsford helps the reader understand when it is appropriate to use informal and formal language, and the different types of language that can be used to do this such as slang, colloquial, and jargon. Slang as explained by Lunsford, is a particularly informal form of language that has a tendency to change quickly and is used by a minimal amount of people. On the other hand, colloquial language is not as informal in comparison to slang and is more widely used. The author cautions writers' about using these forms of language, as both can cause the audience to misunderstand the intended message and even affect the writer's credibility. Alternatively, jargon is the vocabulary used by various occupations as a way for members of the field to simplify their communication. However Lunsford stresses, this type of communication should only be used for an appropriate audience as jargon can also become a hindrance. She advises the writer to first analyze the audience to ensure their ability to understand the jargon that will be used. Afterward Lunsford transitions into the explanations of pompous language, euphemisms, and doublespeak and when these types of language can be used effectively. As for pompous
In Chapter 14, “What’s Motivating this Writer?” One key point is that the author can be writing based on an argument that he or she is responding to. They usually build arguments over issues that may be overlooked by their readers. Rather than having one argument, they have multiple and include the actual standpoint of the argument and also have their own response to it. Also, the reader should try to visualize what the author is arguing about so they can understand what they are retorting to or know what the argument is about.
In this day and age, writing is being portrayed through various mediums, such as film and television. Some of those portrayals depict writing as both good and bad depending on the situation that is present. Authors such as, by E. Shelley Reid, Kevin Roozen, and Anne Lamott all write about important writing concepts that are being depicted in films, like Freedom Writers. The film Freedom Writers shows a positive and accurate portrayal of writing in the sense that the writers should have a connection to what they are writing about, writing is a form of communication, and that writing does not have to be perfect the first time.
Colloquialism is when informal language is used. This has a big effect on the way the story is read because it seems more personal, raw and emotional compared to formal language. An example of colloquialism is “but the brrrr of those white guide things keep me on track,” (page V) this makes the story seem much more relatable and realistic as it is the language that a person would casually use. Another technique used is emotive language. Emotive language makes the reader have emotional responses to the text. An example of this is “I could headbutt the little Vietnamese prick,” (page V) this language is shocking and conveys a strong emotions of anger and violence. Emotive language is important for an autobiography because the author needs to convey the emotions that he or she was feeling at the
William Lutz in “the world of doublespeak” states that jargon is the specialized language of a trade, profession, or similar group, such as that used by doctors, lawyers, engineers, or educators” (391). Also to someone not associated with a specific group and their language jargon will not make sense. It is often used by individuals who wish to sound more intelligent or important. As mentioned in “the world of doublespeak” by Lutz that “jargon as doublespeak often makes the simple sound complex” (391). For example, when the news says intruders instead of bad people or execution instead of killing or when lawyers use the term “involuntary conversion” of property when discussing the loss or destruction of property that is considered using jargon. Lutz finds mainly doctors, lawyers and high educators that are responsible for the spread of jargon
Many people think that reading more can help them to think and develop before writing something. Others might think that they don’t need to read and or write that it can really help them to brainstorm things a lot quicker and to develop their own ideas immediately (right away). The author’s purpose of Stephen King’s essay, Reading to Write, is to understand the concepts, strategies and understandings of how to always read first and then start something. The importance of this essay is to understand and comprehend our reading and writing skills by brainstorming our ideas and thoughts a lot quicker. In other words, we must always try to read first before we can brainstorm some ideas and to think before we write something. There are many reasons why I chose Stephen King’s essay, Reading to Write, by many ways that reading can help you to comprehend, writing, can help you to evaluate and summarize things after reading a passage, if you read, it can help you to write things better and as you read, it can help you to think and evaluate of what to write about.
African American Slang has had many other names: Ebonics, Jive, Black English, and more. The Oxford English Dictionary defines slang (in reference to language) in three different ways: 1) the special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type 2) the special vocabulary or phraseology of a particular calling or profession; the cant or jargon of a certain class or period 3) language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words employed in some special sense. Whatever one’s perspective on slang, it is a natural and inevitable part of language. In this paper I will discuss examples of current slang being used that some people may not understand.
In “One Writer’s Beginnings” by Eudora Welty, she thinks back to how her experiences as a child paved the path to her career as a writer. Welty’s language conveys the intensity and value of the experience by word choice, imagery and use of detail.
Mainly (Macneil 311) where we see a teacher instructing students in translating languages. She is able to teach this through a "jeopardy game", asking the students, "what language is it in", and "what linguistic feature is in" said language. “[Teacher: “What language is it in?” Student: “AAL” Teacher: “It is in African-American Language. What linguistic feature is in AAL?” Student: “Past-tense marker-ed” Teacher: “Past-tense marker-ed. That’s cool! And how do you code switch it to Mainstream American English?”]. This juxtaposition of “African-American Language” and “Mainstream American English” exemplifies the unique style that each individual culture gives American language. This style reflects back to the thesis, in particular the words “melting pot”. The dynamism of the paper is increased through implementation of dialogue. This dialogue transmits in a few lines what would normally take a paragraph to express. This decreases unnecessary filler within the paper and allows the reader to focus more on the concrete points that are being stated vs exorbitant
The idea of trying to impose one’s own rhetorical style on people of other cultures is seen to be somewhat self-centered and even post-colonial (Li 2). Kachru agrees with Kaplan that non-native writers of English should learn the rhetorical preferences of the language. However, he suggests placing equal value on teaching the preferred rhetorical conventions of the different users of English to native speakers of English. Linguistic patterns are connected to the principles of a society.
By language, words, slang, gestures, mimes, and tone of voice which a person uses in communication, we can understand his or her social status, education, occupation, nationality, place of birth, and cultural identity. For example, a certain type of English is used by black people in the USA. It is not a language of any tribe in Africa and it is not an American or British option of English (Baldwin 46). It cannot be understood by white Americans entirely since it was created for needs of black people’s communication in the USA during the era of slavery (Baldwin 46). Gloria Anzaldua notices that Chicano Spanish is neither the literary option of English or Spanish.
In “Writing to Learn: Writing across the Disciplines,” Anne J. Herrington finds different sources stating that writing is to be taken serious. Janet Emig says, "writing represents a unique mode of learning-not merely valuable, not merely special, but unique” (1) meaning that writing is far more essential than we ought to make it seem. Anne Herrington wants educators teaching in economics, history, chemistry or any other subject to guide their students into understanding why progressing their writing skills will be more helpful to them. At the end of the day, it all comes down to the educator; whether he/she wants their students to use writing as a way for students to adapt to different disciplines.
Language is how we express ourselves. There are many different languages in our world. Within those languages there are different dialects. Those dialects are affected by the communities that use them. People add slang or shorten words to make the language their own. This has an immense impact on how authors write. Some authors will attempt to use proper English, but often times will use words common to their community.
In his essay “The World of Doublespeak” Emeritus Professor William Lutz explained the concepts of doublespeak and the dangers involved in doublespeak. He outlined and explained in full details the four kinds of double doublespeak which includes: “Euphemism”, “Jargon”, “Gobbledygook” and “Inflated language”. Lutz explained that “Euphemism” are words that are used to avoid harsh and unpleasant reality. They are also used to make negative situations look positive and he gave an example of situations like death where we use positive terms to condole the family of the deceased. The next kind of doublespeak that he talked about was “Jargon” which is mostly used by professionals and is complex in nature because of the way professionals use it. He gave different examples one of which include: “Involuntary Conversion” of property.
George Orwell’s essay, Politics and the English Language, first published in 1946, talks about some “bad habits”, which have driven the English language in the wrong direction, that is, away from communicating ideas. In his essay he quotes five passages, each from a different author, which embody the faults he is talking about. He lists dying metaphors, operators, pretentious diction, and meaningless words as things to look out for in your own writing and the writing of others (593-595). He talks about political uses of the English language. Our language has become ugly and the ugliness impedes upon communication. Ugly uses of language have been reinforced and passed down in the population “even among people who should and do know better,” (598). Ugly language has been gaining ground in our population by a positive feedback mechanism.
In a sociolinguist perspective “the idea of a spoken standardized language is a hypothetical construct” (Lippi-Green, 2012, pp. 57). They are the form of Britain English and American English that are used in textbooks and on broadcasting. Giles and Coupland observe that “A standard variety is the one that is most often associated with high socioeconomic status, power and media usage in a particular community” (1991, p. 38). Both native speakers and learners of English, where English is taught as a second or foreign language (hereafter ESL/EFL), speak dialect of English in everyday conversation (Kachru, 2006, pp. 10-11; Owens 2012, p.