Early American Rule of Puerto Rico
Ideally Puerto Rico was to mold itself into the perfect American product. Politically Puerto Rico was to remain inferior by following American rules and regulations that restricted the liberties of the people. Economically it was expected to provide capitol growth for the United States while neglecting the popular masses. Through the process of Americanization, the hope was to create a second America on the island. Here the people would look to the mainland for inspiration and more importantly guidance. The general intentions and plans for the island, however, backfired in that the actual goals and feelings of the people were never taken into account.
Upon the arrival of the Americans, Puerto Ricans, for the most part, rejoiced in hopes of new liberties not found under Spanish colonial rule. Puerto Ricans expected “under American sovereignty that the wrongs of centuries” would “be righted.” (Trias-Monge 36) The United States would surely extend its democratic policies to Puerto Rico, as it should to any of its other parts. The U.S., however, did not consider Puerto Rico as part of the mainland. Joseph Foraker, senate member, captured the American sentiment: “Puerto Rico belongs to the United States, but is not the United States, nor a part of the United States.” (Fernandez 2) The basic assumption that the U.S. would create legislation equal to that of the mainland lasted only a brief period. Puerto Ricans were made clear on the American position. The ultimate authority belonged to the U.S. Government as only they were seen fit to govern the affairs of the island. The American government was openly adamant in declaring the people inferior and incapable of ruling themselves due to their race as the genetic successors of the Spanish. “Puerto Ricans were an inferior offspring of an already middle-level race.” (Fernandez 13) More importantly the inhabitants of Puerto Rico were dismissed on the basis on their skin color. As non-white they were compared to small children. “The Latino was presented as a ‘black child’”. (Fernandez 13), who at that time was at the bottom of the racial hierarchy. With this image in mind the United States continued its fatherly role and created several policies that would have destructive effects on the island.
Through the organic acts mainly the Foraker and Jones acts, the liberties of the Puerto Ricans were curtailed. “Within the legal channels provided by the Foraker act.
The debate on Puerto Rican Identity is a hot bed of controversy, especially in today’s society where American colonialism dominates most of the island’s governmental and economic policies. The country wrestles with the strong influence of its present day colonizers, while it adamantly tries to retain aspects of the legacy of Spanish colonialism. Despite America’s presence, Puerto Ricans maintain what is arguably their own cultural identity which seems largely based on the influence of Spain mixed with customs that might have developed locally.
The Chevrolet Chevelle SSs' earliest engine in 1964 didn't perform as well as the later models. It had a 327 V8 engine which wasn't even close to as powerful as the later models. After a slow start, the 1965 Chevelle became a real muscle car. The car now had a lot more power since it had a 396 V8 engine, also known as the Z-16 package. Along with a better engine the Chevelle also had front and back anti-roll bars, faster power-assisted steering, and better braking. The 1965 Chevelle SS was great, but the 1970 Chevelle was the better than anything Chevrolet had made previously. The 1970 Chevelle had a LS6 454 engine, this was the best engine that Chevr...
Section I,2. Analyze the consequences of American rule in Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philippines. Did the citizens prosper? Enjoy freedom? Accept American rule? Comment on the consequences for the United States with regard to the statement made by Eric Foner in the text, “Thus, two principles central to American freedom since the War of Independence – no taxation without representation and government based on the consent of the governed – were abandoned when it came to the nation’s new possessions.
The intention of this essay is to demonstrate to a vision rational, concordant political leader to the Puerto Rican, American and worldwide reality. It responds to the necessity that to the statehood it is necessary to imagine it and to expose it with all the evidence available, since many Puerto Ricans, including many political leaders, do not know like defending it or exposing it before the peculiar ones or our adversaries.
Upon continuing the discussion of what it means to be Puerto Rican, it is clear that the early US colonial rule fundamentally shaped the character of this definition. At the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States subject only to the privileges that the US was willing to grant it. The dichotomy between Puerto Rico’s expectations and what it actually became after 1898, helped to formulate elite definitions of what it meant to be Puerto Rican. This new Puerto Rican identity, which was in large part based upon historical myths, served as defense mechanisms to combat the elite’s dissatisfaction with the new political, social and economic relationships under US rule. Although Puerto Rico under early US colonial rule never met the elites’ expectations, this new emerging nationalist identity never served as an effective challenge to US capitalist hegemony.
It explains everything above and what most Puerto Ricans are against losing and what are some of the cons if Puerto Rico becomes the 51st state but still the pros of the situation. Proponents believe that Puerto Rico should be the 51st state because it will benefit Puerto Ricans in many ways. Puerto Ricans will have more opportunities as a state and it will bring more federal help for PR. As a state, Puerto Rico will rise from the poverty line since they are below the poverty line and American statehood could be the answer to many of the problems the island is facing.
1959 was the first year El Caminos were produced. El Camino is a Spanish term for The Road, The Way, The Course, The Path, The Walk. The 59 Camino was based in the impala. It had “cat eye” tail lights and wings and was available in any full sized drivetrain and the “safety-girder” X Frame design with a full coil suspension. A full coil suspension is a mac Pearson strut with a large coil surrounding it. The El Camino was promoted the first Chevrolet pickup with a full steel bed instead of wood with A total of 22,246 El Caminos produced in 1959. That outdid the number of first-year Rancheros (21,706) made in 1957. The wooden bed made beautiful bed liner but did not take wear and tear like the steel bed later created. The similar, but less showy 1960 model of the El Camino was priced at $2366 for the six-cylinder model; another $107 got consumers a V8 with the two-barrel 283. A V8 two barrel carb is a 8 cylinder 2 port carburetor for higher performance. The 1960 El Camino had a Bel-Air look, with a bright-metal "jet" looks, and narrow trailing molding used to blend with the rear quarters. The rear quarters are the met...
Such inequality was not the only thing early Puerto Rican migrants experienced on the island. They also experienced severe economic set backs. Under the domination of the United States, Puerto Rico did not have control over their means of production. Instead, the United States possessed that power and transformed their island into a metropolitan economy. Workers were subjected to the changing demands of US capital expansion, and their migratory movements were shaped accordingly.
In this story, the reader can see exactly how, many Puerto Ricans feel when living on other grounds. Throughout this time, the boy that Rodriguez presents us realizes he has his culture and that he wants to preserve it as much as he can. “Because I’m Puerto Rican”. I ain’t no American. And I’m not a Yankee flag-waver”
After the Spanish-American war, Spain granted the United States with full ownership of the island of Puerto Rico, which largely benefited the United States with profitable agricultural land, in the same way, Puerto Rican citizens were all benefited when they received U.S. citizenship, this granted them with greater opportunities that awaited them in the United States. However, despite their citizenship, Puerto Ricans are yet to have a vote in national U.S. elections. The ownership of the island has mostly benefited the United States as it is able to control the land, and impose tax and restrictions. Due to this, Puerto Rico transformed from a local economy, to one that is dominated by external U.S. companies. Because of many programs that have been implemented in order to stimulate economic development, the economy has progressed. However, one of the negative side effects left the population dealing with high income tax, as well as leading the economy further away from the local farmers and into the capitalist economy of the United States. It seems as if the relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico benefit the capitalist country and its economy but fails to befit much of the islands population as they are later faced with high income tax and high unemployment rates. Because of the high unemployment, the Puerto
Something really interesting about the Chevy Corvette that I bet you didn’t know is that in 1959 it was the only sports car in production in all of America! According to my source, Fiftiesweb.com, the Chevy Vette was the only one in production at the time in the entire country. And starting in the 1960s, the car still had the same design it had in the previous year, so nothing really changed. Maybe Chevrolet was waiting to release something new for the later years in the 1960s, being a car company with the first sports car in production they had to have a lot of plans for the car. It’s 1963 and guess what, the Chevrolet Corvette Sting Ray is reborn! How? Well let me tell you, Chevy decided to add a new and very stylish split rear window. In
The United States played an important role in the evolution of Puerto Rican culture, more specifically music. While Puerto Rican culture remains distinct from that of American culture, its historical progression is forever tied with that of the United States. This is evident in the evolution of Puerto Rican music. It is also evident in the experience of Puerto Rican musicians both on the island and in the Diaspora. U.S rule was in part responsible for Puerto Rican migration both within the island and off the island. This is so due to the political and economic relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States. As a result new genres, or styles of Puerto Rican music were created. The U.S also controlled how the music of the island would be communicated to the rest of the world. This effected the way Puerto Ricans expressed their identity through music.
‘’Excessive noise can lead to hearing loss, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance and extreme stress’’. (http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/PollutionFromConstruction.html, Pollution From Construction article by: Jennifer Gray - Updated: 6 Sep 2017)
The processes and extraction methods employed generate noise, mainly due to the blasting or excavation equipment, transport and crushing. This may cause a nuisance to nearby residential, commercial or industrial buildings and thus disrupts the physical environment. Mitigation measures can be adopted to minimise the noise produced. These include the installation of linings and claddings, surfacing of internal roads, use of silencers on engines and use of conveyors. Propagation of noise can be reduced by acoustic screens in the form of natural land formations or mounds. It is also important to maintain certain minimum distances from residential areas.
In order to better define the noise present in a classroom, we must look at the classroom acoustics when the classroom is unoccupied and compare that to when the classroom is occupied. Acoustic standards recommended that maximum background noise levels for classrooms smaller than 10,000 ft3 do not exceed 35 dBA. Reverberation time (RT) should not exceed 0.6 seconds (ANSI SOURCE). Sadly, many classrooms do not meet this recommendation. Knecht, et. al recorded background noise levels and reverberation time in 32 unoccupied classrooms in eight public school buildings. Noise levels ranged from 34.4 to 65.9 dBA with only four classrooms meeting the ANSI standard. Reverberation time measured ranged from 0.2 to 1.27 seconds. Thirteen classrooms met the RT guidelines set by ANSI (Knecht). It is imperative that classrooms meet unoccupied guidelines as the noise levels only increase with the addition of students and teachers.