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What is the cause of down syndrome 1000 words
Down syndrome abstract sample
Down syndrome abstract sample
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Down Syndrome in Children Down syndrome is one of the most common and easily recognized genetic disorders. It is caused by abnormal cell division that involves the 21st chromosome pair of the 23 pairs of chromosome found in all normal human cells. There are three types of these abnormalities, which are non-disjunction, translocation, and mosaicism. Ninety five percent of children born with Down syndrome are a non-disjunction type which is three rather than two chromosome 21s. About three to four percent of cases are because of translocation which is chromosome 21 detaches and attaches to another chromosome. Mosaicism accounts for only one to two percent of births, which is an abnormal cell division with the normal 46 chromosomes while the others have 47 creating a mosaic of normal and abnormal cells (Encarta.p1). The presence of Down syndrome in children is also due to the age of the mother. A twenty five year old woman' s chance of having a baby with Down syndrome is 1 in 1,250, but a woman who is thirty five it's 1 in 378 and a woman 45 it's1 in 30 (Encarta.p2). Diana Danilenko-Dixon, M.D. states "As a woman's eggs age, there is a greater propensity for chromosomes to divide improperly". Although researchers are studying ways to detect improper cell division, there isn't a test yet to the likelihood of Down syndrome before conception (Exceptional children p173). One recent study noted that a rise in children born with Down syndrome between 1990 and 1995 because of the old maternal age. The age of the father does not seem to be a factor. When a woman becomes pregnant, there are screening tests that can be performed to detect Down syndrome beginning at the tenth week of gestation. Of course the test isn't 100% accurate s... ... middle of paper ... ...y the last day; just what the teacher's goal been. Life Goes On was a television show that showed a child with Down syndrome. Corky was a child with Down syndrome. He was in high school with his non-disabled peers. The show didn't reflect too much on Corky's condition. There does not seem to be a big spot light on children with Down syndrome like there is with other children with disorders. Although we as a society recognize it as a problem and are able to identify it early on so we can treat it. Bibliography: work Cited "Down Syndrome," Microsoft. Encarta. Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=0155F000 The Council for Exceptional Children. Vol. 64, Number 1. Fall 1997 p. 167-180 Health Reference Series. Genetic Disorders Source book. Vol. 13, 1996. Omnigrahic Inc.
Having Down Syndrome is a Horizontal identity. Most Americans view people with Down’s to be disabled and do not thing much past that. But, many people with Down’s see this simply as a part of who they are, just as much as the color of their eyes. To them, it is not a disability, but just a fact of life. Many outsiders do not understand this, which is why the Down’s community is so important. The Down’s community provides those with Down’s acceptance to their identity. While the rest of society rejects and pities them, within their community they can relate with others and be treated equally. Unlike with vertical identities where the parents are automatically insiders, parents must choose to whether or not to support their children’s horizontal identities. Some parents choose not to accept Down’s before the child is born and terminate the pregnancy while others do their best to make sure their child is comfortable in the world. Again, in more recent years, there are movements for society to be more educated and inclusive for those with Down Syndrome, but there is still a long way to go.
Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is caused by an extra 21st chromosome as there is an error in the body’s cell division. Every human has a nucleus in every cell in the body which contains genes that are grouped along with chromosomes. The normal number of
Most cases of Down syndrome are not inherited. When the condition is caused by trisomy 21, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent. The abnormality usually occurs in egg cells, but it occasionally occurs in sperm cells. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in each of the body's cells.
When a mother finds out she is pregnant it is a wonderful experience. Most people are excited to see their first “picture” of their baby, the ultrasound. Even more exciting is getting an ultrasound to find out the sex of the baby. But ultrasounds are useful for more than just getting that first image of the fetus or finding out whether it is a boy or a girl. While it is something most parents dread finding out when pregnant, an ultrasound can also detect a birth defect. There are many different birth defects that can be detected by an ultrasound during pregnancy like Spina Bifida, Down syndrome, and abnormalities with the heart and lower urinary tract, and the importance of detecting them with an ultrasound is shown in the benefits of discovering the birth defect early, and the options it gives the parents after discovering the birth defect.
Down syndrome is a very common disorder now a day’s, but not many know what it actually is. Down syndrome was a topic that was not as common back in that day. “John Langdon Down, an English physician, published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. It was this scholarly
In 1866 British doctor John Langdon Down defined and described the characteristic symptoms of Down Syndrome but was unsure of the cause. It wasn't until 1959 that Dr. Lejeunne and his team in Paris showed that people with Down Syndrome have an additional chromosome. We normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes, each made up of genes. The cells of people with Down Syndrome include three chromosome #21 instead of two. The extra 21st chromosome causes an extra dose of proteins. These proteins cause the typical features of Down Syndrome. While the fetus with Down Syndrome is developing, its body cells do not reproduce as fast as usual. That is the main reason why these babies are smaller than average after birth and their brain not as big as those of other newborn children.
Children born to older parents are at greater risk for genetic abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. No one knows what causes the chromosomal abnormality that results in Down syndrome, a condition according to the National Association for Down syndrome, affects one in 800 to 1,000 babies in the United States. Any woman regardless of her culture, race and socio-economic status can have a baby with Down syndrome. However, a mother’ age seems to be a unifying factor among children with Down syndrome. Older women have a greater chance of giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome, and the risks increases with every passing year. The National Association for Down syndrome estimates the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome to be as follows:
Many people believe, from common knowledge, that having a Down syndrome cannot be prevented and that it is genetic. This was proved w...
There are 400,000 people with Down Syndrome in The United States. They are people with developmental delays just like Charlie Gordon. People with developmental delays have a harder time processing things. Developmental delays affect a person's learning, language, physical, and behavioral areas. The short story “Flowers for Algernon” by Daniel Keyes tells us about Charlie's life through his progress reports. Charlie always dreamed of being smart. They offered him a chance to have an experimental brain operation to triple his intelligence and he took the offer. After his operation he started to learn many new things. His progress reports improved in spelling and punctuation. He started to work in the research lab and gather data of his own. After
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.
This article refers to the psychological issues an individual goes through when their screening comes back positive of their child carrying a deficient gene. NIPT private screenings are currently available in the UK, and it has been known that NIPT can lead to early abortion. However, many pregnant couples choose to risk an early abortion if the test can show any deformities their child might contain. NIPT can be used as an advanced early screening test for Down’s Syndrome around 10 weeks gestation, and individuals must decide if they want this test done. Before women undergo this specific type of screening, it is made known to them that there are no serious physical risks to themselves, but the baby may experience some harm. In addition, individuals need to consider the mental effects a positive test will cause. The effects include termination of the pregnancy, feelings of burden, and high levels of anxiety. NIPT causes unanticipated psychological consequences, and couples should know those consequences before going through with the screening. Psychological issues stay with a person for long periods of time, and each individual should thoroughly consider the effects of getting such an extensive screen
Prenatal tests show the possibility of a child having a genetic disorder, such as Down Syndrome which leads many parents to choose abortion. When it comes to prenatal testing there are many different testing options. Screening tests for example, which are the first tests that are done on the fetus. During the first ten to thirteen weeks of a pregnancy, a woman can get a first trimester screening done. This is an ultrasound and maternal blood test that tests for the genes of Down Syndrome and Trisomy 18. In a first trimester screening, a result of 1/50 means a woman has a 2% chance of having a baby with a chromosome disorder (The Facts on Prenatal Testing). The next testing window is the fifteenth – twentieth week of pregnancy. This is a Quad screening and consists of a maternal blood test the looks for Down Syndrome, Trisomy 1, and neural tube defects in the fetus. In this test there is a 5% false positive rate (The Facts on Prenatal Testing). Lastly, in the screening test options is the anatomy ultrasound, which is done eighteenth-twenty-second weeks into pregnancy. This screening is an ultrasound that assesses for birth defects. Screening tests are non-invasive and therefore leave very few negative impacts on the fetus. The majority of this paper will focus on the more invasive tests, such as diagnostic tests.
From society's perspective, Down syndrome children have become a serious complication in the world. Disabled children with special needs like Down syndrome are not given the directed attention needed for appropriate treatment. In 1862, John Langdon Down characterized Down syndrome as a separate form of mental disability but he broadened his research in 1866. By the 20th century, Downs has become the most recognizable form of mental disability in the world because of the physical characteristics that distinguish their disability (Patterson, 137). Some symptoms include a small-flattened face, bowlegs in some cases, and generally, their tongue is too big for their mouth so it usually hangs outside of their mouth as well as other physical characteristics exemplifies a Down syndrome child (Wedro). Down syndrome, Downs or DS, occurs in children who have an "extra copy of chromosome 21." Ninety-five percent of Down syndrome cases are Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), four percent are translocation, and one percent is mosaicism. There are roughly 400,000 cases of Downs in the United States toda...
Another technology that has been around for a while is the general ultrasound. In the article by Jennifer Wang she states, “The risk of a patient having a fetus with Down syndrome can be assessed non-invasively using fetal markers seen on ultrasound.
Down syndrome is a medical condition where extra genetic material physically and mentally delays the way that a child develops (KidsHealth). Laws have been put in place to ensure that children with disabilities, including Down syndrome, are guaranteed to a free public education (National Down Syndrome Society). However, students typically at the elementary level, do not completely understand that other students with disabilities are just like them, regardless of their disability. It is more beneficial for students with down syndrome or those with other disabilities if teachers and administrators educated other students on how people with disabilities learn and function (National Down Syndrome