XML vs JSON
Overview:
XML:
Extensible Markup Language(XML) is a markup language that is human-readable and machine-readable. It is a hardware and software independent tool for storing and transporting data. Technically, an XML document does nothing as it is just information wrapped up in tags. A piece of software is needed that can send, receive, store and display the document. There are no predefined tags in XML. The tags are invented by the author of the XML document.
JSON:
“JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight data-interchange format.”[1] This is easy for humans to read and write it, It is also easy for machines to parse and generate. JSON is an easier to use alternative to XML. JSON is language independent, it uses JavaScript
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They are both hierarchical so you can have values within values. Both languages can be parsed to be used by lots of programming languages. Both can be passed around through httpWebRequest using AJAX.
How they are unalike
XML uses angle brackets, with the tag name at the start and end of the element. Where as, JSON uses the curly braces and has the tag name only at the start of the element. JSON is less long-winded meaning it is quicker for humans to write and to also read. JSON includes arrays where each element doesn’t have a name of its own. In XML you can use any name that you want for an element but in JSON you can’t use reserved words from JavaScript.
Technically there would be no clear winner as it would depend on the developers goals. JSON is a good choice for mobile development where as XML is a good choice for large data.
Web Services
“Web services are web application components. These can be published, found and used on the web.” [2] The are different types of web services such as WSDL, SOAP, RDF and
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Web services use XML to code and decode data and uses SOAP to transport it with open protocols. Application components that web services offer are currency converter and weather reports.
Big Data
Big data is a broad term for datasets that are so large or complex that data processing applications are inadequate. The challenges that come with Big Data would be the analysis capture, data curation, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, querying and information privacy. The term can refer to the use of predictive analytics or other advanced methods that are used to extract the value from the data.
Relational database management systems and desktop statistics and visualization packages often can’t handle Big Data. The work can require anything from tens to thousands of servers. Big data varies depending on the capabilities of the users and their tools.
Since Big Data is so big in volume the data doesn’t sample, it just observes and tracks everything that happens. The Big Data can often be available in real-time. There is a big variety in big data, it can be drawn from text, images, audio and it completes missing pieces through data fusion. Big data doesn’t ask why, it just detects patterns. Big data can often be a cost-free byproduct of digital
The Data XML contains the data that needs to be added/updated to/deleted from the Database.
Nuccitelli, R., Guerra, E. and Fernandes, C. (2010) “Parsing XML Documents in Java using Annotations”. In XML: Aplicações e Tecnologias Associadas, 8, Vila do Conde.
If auditors can look at a complete population, they may not have a great defense if they missed a “smoking gun” since they looked at all the data (Alles and Glen). However, this data may not be valid which raises the importance of the auditor understanding where the data came from and how reliable it is. Not only this, it will be interesting to see how standards consider big data evidence. While it most likely will not be as reliable as confirmations, it would be a challenge to figure out how much the auditors could rely on it. Furthermore, higher education would most likely play a role in helping their graduates understand data and how to use technology to be not only more efficient but also ensure they are able to use sound professional judgement while using big data.
First, OOP consist of the programming code and data are encapsulated into “an object,” unlike PP where programming code is stored in a place in the system called a “function library” maintenance can be cumbersome. (ATK Solutions, Inc., 2015, para 4) Second, OOP entails information referred to as "class", "instance", "inheritance", and "polymorphism" that empowers the object to be flexible for reuse whereas PP is not as flexible due to its dedication to an itemized task. (ATK Solutions, Inc., 2015, para 5) Two examples of OOP in today’s programming world are Java and Ruby. (Rouse, 2008) Java is intended for use in dispersed applications on business networks and on the Internet. (Rouse, 2008) Ruby is intended for use broadly in Web applications. (Rouse, 2008) Both the OOP and PP programming language models are designed for a specific design outcome, but OOP is a more efficient approach for resource processing demand and time. (ATK Solutions, Inc.,
You may ask what big data analytics is. Well according to SAS, the leading company in business analytics software and services describes big data analytics as “the process of examining big data to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other useful information that can be used to make better decisions.” As the goal of many companies which is to seek insights into the massive amount of structured, unstructured, and binary data at their disposal to improve business decisions and outcomes, it is evident why big data analytics is a big deal. “Big data differs from traditional data gathering due to that it captures, manages, and processes the data with low-latency. It also one or more of the listed characteristics: high volume, high velocity, or high variety. Big data comes from sensors, devices, video/audio, networks, log files, web, and social media which much of it is generated in real time and in a very large scale.”(IBM) In other words, companies moving towards big data analytics are able to see faster results but it continues to reach exceptional levels moving faster than the average person can maintain.
The World Wide Web Consortium is the main international criteria organization for the World Wide Web. They set the standard for web mark-up languages and web services worldwide. W3C describe web services as a means for two electronic devices to communication via interpolating software applications. These services can be running on a diverse range of networks and frameworks. You can convert your applications into web-applications using common web services. Web services are found many places throughout the internet. Web services communicate using common web protocols such as JSON, REST and SOAP. They are created to be self-describing and easily readable. These protocols adhere to common programing practices and as a result; reduces the need for documentation and have a gentle learning curve. Web services are generally targeted by other applications and not by humans.
Encryption converts a message in such as way that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers. It is intended to keep messages and information as a secret. Plaintext, also known as clear text, is the plain or original message, which is has not yet been encrypted. Once the message is encrypted it is then called a cipher text. This process is obviously referred as encryption. The exact opposite process is called decryption. Encryption is the most successful way to attain data security. To read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it. Data encryption is a means of scrambling the data so that is can only be read by the person holding the key, a password of some sort. Without the key, the cipher cannot be broken and the data remains secure. Using the key, the cipher is decrypted and the data is returned to its original value or state. Each time one desires to encrypt data, a key from the 72,000,000,000,000,000 possible key variations, is randomly produced, and used to encrypt the data. The same key must be made known to the receiver if they ar...
In 1984, researchers at Hiroshima University started developing the layout for what would be called visual programming languages. Currently, many programmers use textual languages, which make the user produce text (one-dimensional) which is translated into one long stream of information. The goal for visual languages was to "...bridge the chasm between high level programming and the human level" (Levialdi). The researchers wanted to create languages that could display data and programs two dimensionally and have the graphical interface look much like what would soon be a web page (McIntyre). These languages are designed to be simpler while being able to construct more complicated programs than its predecessors.
Traditionally websites were made using HTML and CSS. Over the time when websites became heavier and complicated, scripting languages like PHP, Python, and Perl were used with front end developed in previous mentioned technologies (HTML and CSS). JavaScript was introduced and made the web pages more interactive. With time and increased usage, jQuery was introduced. These were libraries of JavaScript functions used frequently in the web pages. But still people using these technologies were called “JavaScript User” and not “JavaScript Developer”. Node.js allows you to run JavaScript code on server side, outside the browser.
The major benefits of VoiceXML mentioned, in order of regularity, are its simplified web acc...
Figure 1: The traditional model for web applications (left) compared to the Ajax model (right).
Due to this, structured programming is much more difficult to reuse than object-oriented programming. Code is easily reused in object-oriented programming because new data and functions can be easily added to the program without affecting other parts of the program. Lastly, structured programming emphasizes procedure, while object-oriented programming focuses on data. This means that structured programming consists of a set of procedure, which includes separate code for each procedure. This represents a small part of the large, overall problem. Each procedure is called separately by the main procedure. Object-oriented programming, on the other hand, is focused on the data objects and the attributes and operations of those
PHP is a hypertext preprocessor and it is widely used scripting language, which was designed for the purpose of web development for producing dynamic web pages. For this same purpose, a PHP code will be embedded inside the HTML source document. The web server, along with a processor module, which generates the web page, will interpret this document. Knowing how to run PHP can be useful for people using the scripting language. PHP is a general-purpose programming language, a PHP code will be processed by an interpreter application inside the command line.
Big data originated with web search companies that encountered problems with querying large amounts of both structured and unstructured data. With regard to its background, “big data came into being when web search companies developed ways to perform distributed computing on large data sets on computer clusters” Floyer (2014: 1). Big data then spread to enterprises due to their adoption of developing, processing and dissemination of data.
This white paper identifies some of the considerations and techniques which can significantly improve the performance of the systems handling large amounts of data.