Determining the Concentration of a Lime Water Solution
Planning
I am provided with 250cm3 of limewater which has been made such that
it contains approximately 1gdm3 of calcium. Also available is
hydrochloric acid which contains exactly 2.00 mol dm-3
I am to determine the concentration of limewater solution by Titration
method.
Apparatus used is as follows:
* 50ml burette
* 100ml conical flask
* 100ml beaker
* white tiles
* resort tiles
* safety goggles
* pipette
Chemicals used are:
· 250cm3 of limewater which contains approximately 1g dm-3of CaOH
· HCL solution (2.00 mol dm-3)
· Distilled water
· Methyl orange used as an indicator
Firstly put the alkaline calcium hydroxide solution in the flask and
the hydrochloric acid in the burette.
Next you need to construct the relevant equation:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl ----> CaCl2 + 2H2O
The above equation tells us that 1 mole of calcium hydroxide reacts
with exactly 2 moles of hydrochloric acid, so we should try to make
the solution of HCl about twice as concentrated as the Ca(OH)2, so
that when we measure out, shall we say, 10 cm3 of the calcium
hydroxide solution into the flask we should need to add approximately
10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid from the burette.
taken into account. It is also best to make sure you are working in a
If we say that the right hand side in picture 1 is the potato, and the
in 50 ml of water, and finally titrated the base three different times, we could then
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
The amount of hydrochloric acid. 3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
If there is not enough energy no reaction takes place. In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore, there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants: [IMAGE] Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Apparatus: Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram: [IMAGE] Method: Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires, for each concentration its composition is: Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2M 10 cm³ 0 cm³ 1.5M 7.5 cm³ 2.5 cm³ 1M 5 cm³ 5 cm³ 0.5M 2.5 cm³ 7.5 cm³ 0M 0 cm³
Use glassware as directed by your instructor. Place a test tube placed inside a beaker with ice water to collect the product from the apparatus. Obtain the 10mL round bottom flask from the apparatus. Obtain two graduated cylinders of 10mL. On one graduated cylinder measure 4mL (85% H3PO4) of Phosphoric Acid and pour into the 10mL round bottom flask. On the other graduated cylinder measure 3mL of Cyclohexanol and pour into the flask as well. With a pipet add 5 drops of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) into the flask. Attach the round bottom flask to the distillation apparatus. Place thermometer with rubber stopper on the apparatus to obtain the temperature Start with the water flow through the condenser. Turn on and heat the reaction until the product starts to distill. Distill and collect until thermometer temperature rises to 85˚C. Once there is no more product to collect obtain the test tube of product. Two layers should be formed, top layer of cyclohexane and bottom layer with water. Obtain a pipette and remove the bottom layer (water) if any. Add 10% (5mL) of Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to nuclearize any acid in the solution. Mix well and remove once again the bottom layer of water with pipette. Add 5mL of water and mix well to wash the top layer. After the two layers form again, remove entirely the bottom layer of water and add a few pellets of Calcium Chloride. Obtain a 50mL or 100mL beaker and weigh.
Reaction 2: H = 50 x 4.18 x -10.3" H = -2152.7 This value is for 1.37g of calcium oxide, not 56.1g, which is its relative molecular mass. Therefore: H =
In the non-fiction book “The Color of Water” by James McBride, in chapter 4, James punched the boy on the bus in the face because when he tried to warn his mom through the window of where the black panther’s son was sitting, he couldn’t stretch out far enough to yell for her to hear, then the counselor came over and told him to “write her a letter” (36) as the bus drove off. James quickly became intimidated and very fearful when he noticed the Black Panther standing next to his mommy. James clearly shows that he is scared for his mother’s safety and is now irritated that he was told to sit down and be quiet. It all started when Ruth, James mother, was mugged in chapter 4, by two black men who got hold of her and stole her purse while James was with her.
Have you ever stopped and thought, “ what would i do if my kid had a disability?” Or ever question why you act a certain way or if you 're strong enough? In the Articles “Notes From a Dragon mom, What we hunger For and the speech “ This is Water” These authors all share there thoughts on what makes a person act the way they do.
A titration curve is a plot of pH of the analyte solution versus volume of titrant added, as the titration progresses. 9,12 The equivalence point is the inflection point of a titration curve.9
Water is the most important molecule that exists on the Earth. Without water living beings would not be able to live. Water is used for an immeasurable number of things. There are many properties of water, which makes this molecule so unique. One which people overlook is hardness. Hardness is defined in the Chemistry: The Central Science by Prentice Hall's as being "water that contains a relatively high concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, and other divalent cations." Water containing these ions is not a health hazard; however, it is a problem for industries and households. Therefore, the hardness of water is vital to understand in order to prevent the problems it could cause.
second test tube also add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl. Make a solution of 0.165
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).