white, middle-class, and “achievement orientated” (Finnan 95). Spindler noticed that Harker will always ranked the white kids higher than the students of color on “academic promise” and social interactions (Finnan 97). He gave his white students the majority of his attention in class and demanded more from them. From this research, Spindler concluded that self-identity is formed in the classroom for many of these students. The students form a sense of who they are through others reaction, especially the teacher. Students who teachers informed that they are capable, had bright futures, and were among those who ranked high on reading. Often students noticed that their teacher did not consider them to be worthy, so they slacked off which eventually …show more content…
The presence of police officers did not start until the desegregation of public schools. In 1948, rampant discrimination “spilled over newly integrated schools. The Los Angeles School Police Department designed a security unit for patrol schools in increasingly integrated neighborhood” (French-Marcelin 3). Although the concept of integration was positive, it eventually caused more harm than good. Integration of schools introduced police officers in schools. Many white families were worried that students of color would be “disruptive” due to their “lack of discipline” (French-Marcelin). The policing of students of colored was the consequences of fear that spread through people. Through the sensationalization of news stories about youth “terrorizing” neighborhoods, they were able to invoke fear in people to justify …show more content…
Nixon, contributed to those inequalities. The war on drugs led to the arrest and the criminalization of minority youths: “Posing as high school students, young police recruits were sent into schools to find and arrests students with drugs” (French-Marcelin). The war on drugs now made it easier for students of color to be profiled. As the result of policies passed on the war on drugs, schools started using different policing strategies like Broken Windows. The “broken window” strategy made youths who commit “petty crimes” the target of police. The idea was that if they tackled the petty crimes, they would prevent major crimes from happening. Despite warning from the Washington, D.C. Superintendent of Public Instruction that “some parts of the country, more closely resembled a prison than a learning environment” (French-Marcelin 7), school districts created programs that allowed teachers and law enforcement to search student properties and label them as “pre-delinquent”. Programs like Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1984 also gave permission to make assumptions of how students would act in the future based on “pre-delinquent” tests given to students of color. This resulted in up to 4,500 students being identified as “pre-delinquent” or as having “maladaptive” behaviors even though the schools did
When our parents tell us to “address the police by sir or ma’am, sit up straight, and don’t move too quickly, we ask ourselves why? It is in that moment we realize it is because that the world does not love us and wants us dead. This epiphany hardens us and strips us of our innocence and ability to float through the world. We are weighed down by the weight of hatred towards blacks. Our only chance of being able to free our minds is to live without fear of judgement, and without fear of persecution. Because if we do, we will always be looking behind our backs, overanalysing everything that is said to us, second guessing the work that we do, and never truly be able to trust the
At the time of the African-American Civil Rights movement, segregation was abundant in all aspects of life. Separation, it seemed, was the new motto for all of America. But change was coming. In order to create a nation of true equality, segregation had to be eradicated throughout all of America. Although most people tend to think that it was only well-known, and popular figureheads such as Martin Luther King Junior or Rosa Parks, who were the sole launchers of the African-American Civil Rights movement, it is the rights and responsibilities involved in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision which have most greatly impacted the world we live in today, based upon how desegregation and busing plans have affected our public school systems and way of life, as well as the lives of countless African-Americans around America. The Brown v. Board of Education decision offered African-Americans a path away from common stereotypes and racism, by empowering many of the people of the United States to take action against conformity and discrimination throughout the movement.
In the early 1990’s in Los Angeles, California, police brutally was considered a norm in African Americans neighborhoods. News coverage ignores the facts of how African ...
One policy one could examine to see its implications on incarceration rates in the United States is the “War on Drugs.” This war has taken place since the Nixon administration in the 1970s, and aims to eliminate the possession, importation, and solicitation of illegal substances. This war has multiple fronts in which people are currently fighting, but the domestic theatre of war is a culprit for this rise of incarceration rates. Bobo and Thompson examined this phenomenon and found, “rapid increase in incarceration rates can be traced to the "War on Drugs" and associated sentencing practices” (451). The “War on Drugs” can be seen taking place in predominately urban impoverished African-American communities. As a result, more African-Americans are being arrested for drug crimes, whether they be petty possession misdemeanor crimes or more serious felony solicitation of illegal substance crimes. Further, since these areas are more impoverished, individuals will look for other ways in order to generate income in order to support themselves and their
According to Dr. Carl S. Taylor, the relationship between minority groups and police in the United States has historically been strained. Some cities have a deep and bitter history of bias and prejudice interwoven in their past relationships. The feeling in many communities today is that the system pits law enforcement as an occupying army versus the neighborhood. Dr. Taylor wrote about easing tensions between police and minorities, but stated “If there is any good news in the current situation, it is that the history of this strain has found the 1990’s ripe for change.
I enjoyed reading Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys by Victor M. Rios because it was not only informing, but I could place myself as if I were one of the characters in the story. I could not even begin to imagine what these boys with through. From being beaten’ for no reason, to getting cuffed and sitting in the back of a cop car because they were eating a slice of pizza is absolutely ridiculous and should not be tolerated. Not only did I understand how these boys were in the networks of crime, but also, the criminalization, and punishment made sense and how I observed the higher authority took action. In my essay, I will be discussing three major concepts which are: moral panics, labeling , and code of the street.
Many people claim that racism no longer exists; however, the minorities’ struggle with injustice is ubiquitous. Since there is a mass incarceration of African Americans, it is believed that African Americans are the cause of the severe increase of crimes. This belief has been sent out implicitly by the ruling class through the media. The media send out coded messages that are framed in abstract neutral language that play on white resentment that targets minorities. Disproportionate arrest is the result of racial disparities in the criminal justice system rather than disproportion in offenders. The disparities in the sentencing procedure are ascribed to racial discrimination. Because police officers are also biased, people of color are more likely to be investigated than whites. Police officers practice racial profiling to arrest African Americans under situations when they would not arrest white suspects, and they are more likely to stop African Americans and see them as suspicious (Alexander 150-176). In the “Anything Can Happen With Police Around”: Urban Youth Evaluate Strategies of Surveillance in Public Places,” Michelle Fine and her comrades were inspired to conduct a survey over one of the major social issues - how authority figures use a person’s racial identity as a key factor in determining how to enforce laws and how the surveillance is problematic in public space. Fine believes it is critical to draw attention to the reality in why African Americans are being arrested at a much higher rate. This article reflects the ongoing racial issue by focusing on the injustice in treatment by police officers and the youth of color who are victims. This article is successful in being persuasive about the ongoing racial iss...
Desegregation of Schools as a Major Problem in the USA in 1950's The desegregation of schools became a major problem during the 1950s because education is a crucial organisation in any society as it fully creates the shape of future generations. The desegregation of schools was one of the two main issues the Civil Rights movement targeted to improve. The other was transport. The Civil Rights Movement wanted to end racial prejudice and discrimination and overthrow generations of racism and hate.
Racial tension has been a part of America ever since the Civil War. Today we have a different issue with race, which is called racial profiling. Over the years, the relationship between the police and community of color has gone bitterly racial profiling. America’s society today tends to be tainted by racial profiling and stereotypes. These issues can have great effects on our society.
The issue of desegregation has been a very controversial issue since it was first legally introduced by the Supreme Court in 1954 with Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS. Favoring or not favoring desegregation has not been the issue; almost everyone says they are for it on the surface. The controversy arises when it comes to how to implement desegregation. Immediately following the Brown decision, which advocated school assignment regardless of race, many school districts adopted a geographic school assignment policy. This plan, especially in the 1950's, did very little to do away with segregated schools even though it was a race-neutral policy for integration. From that rocky beginning to desegregation, to the current battles over how best to implement desegregation through mandatory (or voluntary) busing of minorities and whites, this issue has been in the forefront of discussions about race and education. This paper will attempt to give a brief history of desegregation in the United States, followed by a discussion of the current events which surround this issue (with balance given to the viewpoints of both sides), and then offer advice on solutions which most benefit everyone involved.
The Political Era of policing occurred in the early 1800’s and lasted until the 1930’s, and was under the direct influence of the local government and politicians. There were benefits of political influence; police departments began to develop intimate relationships within their communities offering a wide array of services to citizens. For example, the police worked soup kitchens and provided temporary housing for immigrants searching for work (Peak, 2015). In addition to providing an array of services to the community, officers were integrated into neighborhoods, which helped to prevent and contain riots. Typically, officers were assigned to neighborhoods where they lived or had the same ethnic background. Police departments
Today we can look back and oversee the changes and development in Education. Segregation throughout the education system has shaped the system to what it is today. Discrimination is the practice of preferential treatment, or denying equal treatment to someone due to his or her demographic characteristics. Racial discrimination and segregation has impacted the education system since 1865 up until present day. Not only did schools face racial segregation, but also sex segregation and social class status segregation. Education was a privilege to have and something that had to be earned by the people. By looking back, history has shown how far we have overcame regarding segregation in the education system. Due to people showing a consistent fight
America’s school system and student population remains segregated, by race and class. The inequalities that exist in schools today result from more than just poorly managed schools; they reflect the racial and socioeconomic inequities of society as a whole. Most of the problems of schools boil down to either racism in and outside the school or financial disparity between wealthy and poor school districts. Because schools receive funding through local property taxes, low-income communities start at an economic disadvantage. Less funding means fewer resources, lower quality instruction and curricula, and little to no community involvement. Even when low-income schools manage to find adequate funding, the money doesn’t solve all the school’s problems. Most important, money cannot influence student, parent, teacher, and administrator perceptions of class and race. Nor can money improve test scores and make education relevant and practical in the lives of minority students.
Both of these pictures are the same painting, yet different feelings are provoked by each. To me the one on the left, the colorful one, is more intriguing. It jumps at you grabbing your attention and drawing your eye in, giving you a warm and lively feeling. The picture to the right seems a bit dull and emotionless, portraying a melancholy feeling. In the art world color is a good thing. It brings other elements to a picture that you can't receive by using only two colors. Color can represent many things, emotions, mood, importance, a specific object, or as we have come to know the word, people. People seem to be assigned a color that people think represents the type of person they are. Yet, unlike the art world where a color is usually linked to only one trait or emotion, like, black-sadness, white-purity, red-evil, purple-royalty, the colors that we assign each other do not have set traits that are encompassed with in each color. The only thing that is set with the categories of colors we describe each other with is the tone of our skin! The color of ones skin played a big role in the years between the late 1950's and early 1960's and defined the lines of desegregation, in the midst of this racial cacaos lied innocent children and how the case of Central High changed their rights to an education.
The lower class student’s major issue with learning in class is a shortage of confidence based on real or apparent weakness in the home environment. These students often feel undesirable. They are very aware of the class in which they come from and of the place and position people classify them under, they often feel the urge to hide their background. Students that are categorized in this particular class frequently come to school with a lower level of academic skills and involvedness than their peers that are categorized in the midd...