Data privacy refers to the sensitive information that individuals, organizations or other entities would not like to expose to the external world. For example, medical records can be one kind of privacy data. Privacy data usually contain sensitive information that is very important to its owner and should be processed carefully.
Data privacy is not equal to data security. Data security ensures that data or information systems are protected from invalid operations, including unauthorized access, use, exposure, damage, modification, copy, deletion and so on. Data security can’t guarantee data privacy and vice versa. Figure 1 shows the relation between data security and data privacy. A represents the situation where data privacy is violated while
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SSNs, bank accounts, medical records and so on), the violation of data privacy can cause very serious consequences like identity thefts. Therefore, privacy preservation is very necessary and important.
Obviously, the purpose of privacy preservation is to avoid the exposure of sensitive information. Moreover, a good privacy preservation method should not affect the usage and analysis of privacy data. For example, the privacy preservation method should not cause a lot of data loss or greatly affect the efficiency of data analysis. It’s important to find a balance between privacy preservation and data availability.
2.2 Big
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Although the term Big Data has been well known by people, there is no common definition of it. Among various existing definitions of big data, the one put forward by Gantz and Reinsel in 2011 is relatively more recognized. Their definition claims that big data represents very large volumes of all kinds of data [2]. Another widely recognized definition is proposed in a report of McKinsey & Company [3]. The report claims, “Big data refers to datasets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, store, manage, and analyze”. From these definitions, we can know that one important feature of big data is large size. However, the definition of “large size” may vary over time. In recent years, with the emergence and development of social networks (e.g. Facebook, twitter), electronic commerce (e.g. eBay, Amazon) and other network platforms, volume of data grew very fast. We used to regard gigabyte (GB) as “large size”, but nowadays only above petabyte (PB, equals to 106 GB) level can be called “large size”. Although large volume is one characteristic of big data, it doesn’t mean that big data is equivalent to massive data. There are also some other characteristics that can distinguish
The Data Protection Act 1998 places controls on the length of time, who has access, and how much personal information can be stored on an individual by organisations, businesses and the Government. Any private information must be kept secure in compliance with the law. This ensures the individual’s right to privacy and confidentiality is upheld. (Gov.uk.
The author appear to be moderately perplexed by the fact that American state that they are concerned about privacy but they yet disclose personal information to entities. I would offer that the reason many are disclosing the information, is that business will not offer their services or product without the personal information. One can go to another vendor for service, only to have the same problem repeated. Now what is perplexing, is the authors claim that “a significant number, 11%” (Caftori & Teicher, 2002) of the population believes that corporate owners should go to prison for violations of information privacy. I must say, I never thought of 11% of a population as a significant percentage, but I am just a student. More confusion for the authors is when a computer system that handles big data has faulty output. They use the analogy of an airline, and if they lose your luggage and should receive compensation, but this is not the case when the DMV provides faulty data. This should not be perplexing, with the airline an explicit contract is made with the purchase of the ticket. The airline is transport my body and my luggage to the agreed location without damage or loss. Luggage is tangible. The contents are worth x amount of dollars and the airline pays the individual
Privacy does not have a single definition and it is a concept that is not easily defined. Information privacy is an individual's claim to control the terms under which personal information is acquired, disclosed, and used [9]. In the context of privacy, personal information includes any information relating to or traceable to an individual person [ 1]. Privacy can be defined as a fundamental human right; thus, privacy protection which involves the establishment of rules governing the collection and handling of personal data can be seen as a boundary line as how far society can intrude into a person's affairs.
Privacy challenges. Privacy is a circumstance of restricted right of entry to an information regarding an individual (Knoppers, 2015). Brothers and Rothstein (2015) noted numerous other kinds of privacy, comprising physical, decisional, proprietary and relational or associational privacy. This study emphasizes on informational health privacy. When it comes to privacy issues the crucial question to explore is; how can leadership balance the right of privacy with the advantageous requirement for clinical data-access in EHR? The Privacy Act of 1974 is the US law that represents national standards to protect the private health information of individuals by mandating appropriate safeguards and limitations on the right to use and release of (PHI)
Privacy is the right of individuals to keep information about themselves from being disclosed; that is, people (our patients) are in control of others access to themselves or information about themselves. Patients decide who, when, and where to share their health information. On the other hand, confidentiality is how we, as nurses, treat private information once it has been disclosed to others or ourselves. This disclosure of information
From the users’ perspective, as mentioned above, they should take care to control how they share their information. Different users have different mindsets regarding privacy, and the settings over which the users have control, they should use them to maintain a suitable level of privacy.
Today, because privacy is a emerging right, a discussion of privacy is usually consists of a list of examples where the right has been recognized. Privacy can be talked about in the nature of the right and the source of the right. There are four rights in the USA, unreasonable intrusion such as physical invasion, appropriation of a persons name or likenesss, publication of private facts such as income tax data or sexual relations, and publication that places a person in a false light, and the only one that is widely accepted in the US is the second one. A person might also recover under intentional infliction of emotional distress, assa...
Although many people could not explain or define the concept of privacy very precisely, based on Baase, S. (2012), A gift of fire: Social, legal, and ethical issues for computing technology, he mentioned three key aspects of privacy:
The paper will deal with two aspects of the privacy-vs-security issue. The first one is concerned with general civil liberties, where privacy is understood to mean freedom to make personal (private) choices in our own homes, control our daily lives and decide with whom we share information that is of our concern – information about our emotions, attitudes, behavior and future decisions and events. The second aspect deals with the privacy vs. security on the internet. Since we live in a technological era, internet has become an inseparable part of our l...
Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively. The boundaries and content of what is considered private differ among cultures and individuals, but share basic common themes. Privacy is sometimes related to anonymity, the wish to remain unnoticed or unidentified in the public realm. When something is private to a person, it usually means there is something within them that is considered inherently special or personally sensitive. The degree to which private information is exposed therefore depends on how the public will receive this information, which differs between places and over time. Privacy can be seen as an aspect of security — one in which trade-offs between the interests of one group and another can become particularly clear.
Privacy policy is the rules that define how the user’s personal data is collected, used, disclosed and managed by the web service provider. It is highly significant to the information assurance of the privacy data.
Privacy on the Internet is a widely discussed issue in today’s world. Many journal articles and books have been written based on this subject. One of these materials is Privacy Lost: How Technology is Endangering Your Privacy, which was written by David Holtzman and foreword by Senator Evan Bayh. Since it is divided into six parts, and each part consists of chapters that grasp an organized list of ideas, the book is very easy to follow. You don’t have to be a technologist in order to understand it.
If people feel comfortable in their surroundings then privacy is not a concern. At other times, people feel violated when they are subject to random searches; this random factor is what other people consider wrong. People feel intruded on when they see a roadblock ahead or a request to see their driver’s license when writing checks. Others are interrupted at dinner by the phone ringing from telemarketers. This selling of information is what the Europeans call data protection. If the data is not kept private, things such as credit card numbers could be stolen over the phone.
However, the same personal data is being compromised and eroding privacy. Companies have been getting bolder in their attempts to gather, share and sell data. The latest trend is outsourcing data to third party companies for data processing, which can be done at a lower cost. One of the main problems with this approach is that a lot of very sensitive data is being sent, which could be harmful in the wrong hands. Most companies require their customers to "opt-out" to prevent their data from being shared with a company's affiliates. This process requires the customer to explicitly tell the company not to share their data, which is usually in the form of a web site or a survey sent in the mail. These surveys are often thrown away by consumers, so they don't even realize that they're giving the companies a green light to sell and share their data.
In terms of government intelligence, in the information age greatest threats to privacy have been the result of technology and business practices related to e-commerce, marketing and information databases, and not the result of government intrusions (Hoffman, Novak & Peralta, 1997). Nevertheless “all things considered, the increasing and overlapping information sharing by governments and businesses about formerly confidential or private activities generates concerns about potential violations of individual’s privacy rights” (Mace, 2008 cited in Gal, Kantor & Lesk, 2008, p.41).