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Gel electrophoresis key terms
Gel electrophoresis process ib bio
Gel electrophoresis key terms
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The purpose of this lab was to analyze DNA from the crime scene at the school from three suspects through the process of using gel electrophoresis. Methods used to preform this lab was inserting DNA samples into wells while using micropipettes. Timing and measuring were methods used during this lab as well. Also, DNA fingerprinting was used to figure which of the three suspects broke into the school that night. In this experiment, blood samples were taken from all three suspects to be compared with the definite suspect. The group placed DNA samples into wells using micropipettes. Once the DNA was loaded the power source was turned on, and the electric current flowed for a total of 40 minutes. After, the results were stained, then the stain …show more content…
One of the human errors in the lab was the group was destaining the gel in the sink to rapidly and the gel broke in half cutting off some of the important data. This error could simply be fixed by being more gentle with the data. Also, during the begging of the lab while filling the wells with gel the group did not put the same amount in each. This error could be fixed by simply taking time filling the wells and making sure no more gel is in the micropippette before moving on to the next well. Finally, another human error consisted of the power source getting shut off when our gel was not in it for a total of 20 minutes. The error could be fixed by getting more outlets in the room so the power so the power source was not shut off to early. The major experimental error was the groups were not able to fully distain the gel since the class was over after short amount of time. To fix this experimental error starting the lab sooner and planning more efficiently would allow for enough time to distain the gel. In addition, the buffer after used for one experiment was placed back into the original bottle and used for multiple other experiment what if the buffer had been overused and tampered other experiments would get inconclusive results. An easy way to fix this experimental error is getting little bottles of buffer and throwing them away each time rather then using the same one each time. Thus, if these experimental and human errors were fixed then the outcomes would be more accurate and the interpretation of the data would be
There were no significant error factors that may have affected the arrangement of the lab experiment. Everything went smoothly with relative ease.
Forensic science is a key aspect of Criminal Justice that helps rid the streets of lunatics and murderers. One of the most important fields of forensic science is blood spatter analysis. Under the Crime Scene Investigation, analysts gather the information that could eventually lead to a victim’s killer. Basic and complex information can be found when analyzing blood. We can learn what kind of weapon was used, the time of death of a victim and other important facts that can help a case. The pattern that the blood gives off give forensic scientists the tools that they need to help solve cases.
External variables were controlled in the blood spatter lab through the use of several different materials. The clamps and stand prevented the blood from falling at different heights and angles, and the pipette prevented different volumes of simulated blood from falling. The stand and clamps and the pipette helped control the outside variables so the results could be as accurate as possible.
DNA analysis is a scientific process among the newest and most sophisicated of techniques used to test for genetic disorders, which involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself (Lyman, 2014) . Today crime labs use mtDNA analysis. This type of analysis allows smaller degraded pieces of DNA to still be successfully tested (Lyman, 2014) . There are several steps taken when analyzing DNA in forensics. When testing scientists must first isolate the DNA so it is not contaminated and can't be used. Lab technicians the take small pieces of the DNA, conserving as much as they can encase they need to test again. Once testing is done the next step is determining the DNA test results and finally there is the comparison and interpretation of the test results from the unknown and known samples to determ...
Overall, though, I believe that Stein is the closest scholar here-mentioned to have accounted for the explanation behind these controversies. The main mistake made by many modern scholars lies in the planning and the research – too much effort is spent on seeking to explain this opposition between the Proculians and the Sabinians in terms of two internally coherent law schools which differ entirely and have held controversies stemming from a specific occurrence. I have personally, as a student of the Roman law, found it difficult in reading the sources and differing theories from scholars to do just this – because, as Scarano Ussani stated, nowhere, in the mass of research that has been done, have any definitive results been reached. As afore-mentioned, I ruled out the political explanation for the purpose of answering this question, and the social explanation does not add a great deal to the debate for me. The theories supporting the social standpoint as addressed in this essay are among the worst for choosing to ignore many of the hard facts in order to make their theory fit better. This leaves only the philosophical and methodological explanations. The philosophical explanation is a reasonably sound one, although as explored above, I do believe that its significance has been largely exaggerated. There is no doubt over the fact that philosophy has played an influential role - even if you only look at Gaius’ ius gentium which contains a certain level of Stoic influence, but as mentioned above there are major differences which have been overlooked slightly in those arguments. The methodological explanation is another seemingly logical one, and the most reliable of all theorems explored in this essay, in my opinion, as it i...
One possible source of experimental error could be not having a solid measurement of magnesium hydroxide nor citric acid. This is because we were told to measure out between 5.6g-5.8g for magnesium hydroxide and 14g-21g for citric acid. If accuracy measures how closely a measured value is to the accepted value and or true value, then accuracy may not have been an aspect that was achieved in this lab. Therefore, not having a solid precise measurement and accurate measurement was another source of experimental error.
Forensic Science has contributed to our world a great deal. People often misunderstand Forensic Science and believe it is much more capable than it really is. As a matter of fact what you see on T.V. is around 80% false or over exaggerated in some way. To Start of, Criminal Investigation is the largest and most known form of Forensic Science. Some of the more known areas include; Fingerprinting, Ballistics, DNA Identification, Fiber Samples, Computer Animation, Documentation analysis, etc. To get this out of the way in the beginning, what you saw on last night’s law and order is far from the truth. Things they do in a matter of hours take months at a time, and most of the time aren’t even plausible concepts.
What is forensic science and how do you solve crimes? Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws,-mainly- on the criminal side-during criminal investigation, as governed by the standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure. There are many types of forensic science including: trace evidence analysis, forensic toxicology, forensic psychology, forensic podiatry, forensic pathology, forensic optometry, forensic odontology, forensic linguistics, forensic geology, forensic entomology, forensic engineering, forensic DNA analysis, forensic botany, forensic archeology, forensic anthropology, digital forensic, and criminalistics.
Collecting evidence from a crime scene is a crucial aspect of solving crimes. Before evidence can be seized, there must first be a court order approving the search of the crime scene and the seizure of the evidence found at the scene. Standard protocol for officers is for them to always use latex gloves, avoid plastic bags, double wrap small objects, package each object separately, and to collect as much evidence as possible. It is better to have too much evidence than to not have enough. There are countless amounts of evidence that can be found at a crime scene.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
Forensic Toxicology is a scientific test which identify the present of any drugs or chemicals in the body. This can be identified from bodily fluids and tissue samples.
Crime scene investigators work for law enforcement agencies or other criminal justice fields that utilize trained investigators. They collect, identify, classify and analyze physical evidence to help solve and prosecute criminal activity. A crime scene investigator may test weapons, clothing, hair and tissue for criminal evidence. Once they collect all the evidence, they have to write reports detailing evidence collection procedures and conclusions, which is part of their responsibility. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, the majority of crime scene investigator work with local and state government agencies, including in crime labs, Medical examiner offices and Law enforcement agencies. The duties for crime scene investigator is to secure
I have long been intrigued by Biology and Forensic Science in particular. I excelled in my Science lessons at school and enjoyed reading science related books. My passion for the subject continued in college and confirmed my desire to study a Forensics related degree at university. I am fascinated in the biological aspects of Forensic Science and toxicology, particularly DNA testing and the examination of minor contact traces, involving blood, hair and fibers. Additionally, I enjoy watching crime related programmes, true stories and reading fictional novels relating to crimes committed; learning how different techniques and methods are used for solving crimes as I am intrigued to acquire new knowledge.
Forensic Chemistry is the application of chemistry and it’s subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting. The scientists that perform this action are forensic chemists. Forensic chemists perform the following: analyze trace evidence a crime scenes to identify unknown substances and materials, analyze drugs from scenes and people, run tests on samples. There are many tasks and responsibilities that these chemists might carry out on a daily basis. For example, carry out examinations and tests, work with data, and many other job duties. Sometimes forensic chemists have to serve as expert witnesses in court. Forensic chemists work in a laboratory setting ranging from a local, state, and federal police departments, chemical examiner’s office,
Forensic science is a particularly large field of work to be a part of. There are many important parts to it that are all very different. In short, forensic science deals with applying scientific knowledge to legal and criminal situations. As mentioned earlier, forensic sciences is an extremely large field of work. There are forensic engineers, forensic geneticists, linguists, phoneticians. All of which, work together to uncover crimes by using science. In any given case forensic scientists may be looking at certain photographs, DNA traces, weapons and tools, and also certain documents.