Includes Source Code
Abstract
The goal of the Bump-Code Decipherer was to try to get a robot to play music
when it read Braille, in this case, made of Lego® pieces. The robot read things with touch
sensors, much like a person would read Braille with their fingers, and once it finished a
row of musical notes, it would play out what it read. Though not perfect, it can play out
music given input. Given more time, I would be able to add sharps, flats and various
other musical ornaments and also make the reading process more precise.
Background
Before the 1800s, blind people had a hard time reading. Their books would be
bulky and consisted of raised letters, which were extremely hard to read. Louis Braille,
the creator of the ingenious system of 6 raised bumps, was not born blind. However, he
was blinded when he was 4-years-old. Louis soon found that reading was extremely
difficult. In 1821, Louis learned of “night writing,” which consisted of 12 raised bumps
that allowed soldiers to communicate without speaking. Though young, Louis condensed
this 12 dot system into one that used only 6. After he became comfortable with this
system, he began expanding it to include musical notation as well. This system of writing
in 6 dots became known as Braille, but only after the adapter died.
The Bump-Code Decipherer reads in Braille musical notation and makes a song
based on what it reads. This is useful for people who want to make sure the Braille music
sheet they produce is correct. It is also useful for blind musicians to get a feel for what
the music they play should sound like.
Procedure
The robot is made from the Lego® MindstormÔ kit. It uses an RCX 1.0 and is
programmed using NQC, a programming language like C crea...
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...at condition they
are in, how full the batteries are and how much it has to move, it does not always read in
exactly what it is supposed to. Given more time, I would make it so that the tray would
move roughly to the correct position and then move back and forth quickly (using the
s2s() function) until it made sure that it was positioned exactly right so that it could read
both rows correctly 100% of the time if the back-and-forth rack moved. Given a better
robot and more time, I would be able to code in more notes, such as sharps and flats.
References
Braille Music. Retrieved July 23, 2005 from the World Wide Web:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_music
Louis Braille Biography. Retrieved July 22, 2005 from the World Wide Web:
http://www.afb.org/braillebug/louis_braille_bio.asp
Braum, D. (2003). Definitive Guide to Lego® MindstormsÔ, Second Edition.
He had produced an unknown ray being emitted from the tube that could pass through the paper. He found that this new ray would pass through most objects, casting shadows of solid substances. He first investigated with his hand and was surprised when he saw his bones. His discovery would open up an exciting field for doctors because now it was possible to stu...
...time with the stride to avoid a larger drag. Minimal faults occur when I lose coordination with the arms and legs causing the feet to drop creating more drag, overall my technique in most cases proves effective and efficient.
materials. The song pluggers could improvise and transpose a song on the spot to fit a
The proliferation of graphic scores emerging in Europe and America from the mid-1950s has had a profound impact on musical thought, broadening links between performers and composers, audiences and art forms. Exploration of notational methods based on graphics flourished rapidly and diversely during the fifties and sixties, primarily as a trend amongst young radicals. So many composers producing scores of this kind used a personal vocabulary of symbols – often creating different notation systems for each work – that the effectiveness of their approaches in realising a sonic concept can be assessed only on a case-by-case basis. But the significance of early graphic scores does not depend entirely on how they sound; rather it lies in their capacity to accommodate or even to generate new forms, techniques and mediums, and to challenge notions of what constitutes a musical composition. In addition, these works demonstrate that notation can extend beyond instructional functionality to allow for prominent interpretive and aleatoric elements, and can harbour an intrinsic aesthetic value of its own, apparent before a single note is sounded.
Polyphonic is operating on a “shoestring budget” of $150,000. The company is not helped by initial discussions about HSS with potential customers, which have resulted in cold receptions, at best, about the product’s potential application to the music processes despite its multiple strengths.
In the world of heavy equipment, part of that learning means memorizing how to use levers, joysticks, and even pedals in a coordinated way to control the attachment at the end of the boom.
Simultaneous communication, also known as Sim-com is a form of communication process that utilizes both signs and sound. Quite often Sim-com has been referred to as a sign supported speech; these signs are usually in English in order to ensure that there is fluency in the language. In this, it is noted that some other non-verbal cues like the use of finger spelling and visual aids which rhyme to the spoken language can be used. Simultaneous communication has always been known to be a form of communication that is intended to help people who have hearing problems (deaf) understand what is being said. In this, it is realized that over the years, Sim-com has been able to utilize other systems of communication like seeing essential English. Sim-com has proven its advantageous use in both the deaf and hearing people because it presents both the spoken language and also the non-verbal. Simultaneous language is not only used by the deaf, but also used when communicating with students at the preschool level. This is important because these children tend not to understand verbal communication fully (Beginnings, 2014).
...s of new music patterns styles with forms of improves instruments and music language. Sound control is also important to understand how pitch, tempo and octaves to put together a song. Music no longer is limited to concerts and opera houses it is available for everyone that enjoys music.
Music is made with many different kinds of instruments and/or your voice. Some of those instruments are: guitars, violins, flutes, drums, and many new electrical instruments.
The first period of time for music is the time of the Middle Ages or known as the medieval period. Symbols which were written on paper are used to represent the music by identifying a certain symbol to a certain tone which is called notions. At the same time they discovered how to combine more than two independent melodies which is called polyphony. http://musiced.about.com/od/timelines/a/medieval.htm
The Middle Ages were really the beginning of what we call Western music. For the first time musical notation was used in European countries exten...
... CLD info sheets: assistive technology. Council for Learning Disabilities. Retrieved on April 24, 2005, from http://www.cldinternational.org/c/@CS_yKIo7l8ozY/Pages/assistive.html
How it works a right handed person hand has an active hand its hand will show all of the
The mouse motion can be slowed down for better control. The toolbar can be created to suit the children's needs. However if this is not suitable there are many peripherals and devices, which can support children with SEN, but not all are appropriate for everyone. For those children with a physical disability a variety of switches, optical pointers, voice controlled devices and word prediction software has been designed to overcome the problems these children have using traditional input devices such as the mouse and keyboard.
Through a robot body, one can utilize AI algorithms to portray individual thinking. The first general purpose robot is called Shakey. Developed at the Stanford Research Institute from 1966 to 1972, Shakey was the first robot to think in advance. For example, Shakey was able to understand a command such as turn off a light switch in a particular room. The robot would go through a corridor, find the room and then locate and turn off a light switch. Shakey could complete an action without the need of step-by-step instructions. The LISP software was used to program Shakey. The development of Shakey advanced AI concepts from the invention of the A search algorithm to the understanding of the full capabilities of robots. Shakey raised the public’s awareness of computer science and artificial intelligence in the 1970s. Shakey moved public thoughts to questioning what machines could and will do in the future. (Artificial Intelligence and Robotics , 2015) To further the public’s thoughts about machine intelligence is IBM’s Deep Blue Computer. Deep Blue won a chess competition against famous chess champion Garry Kasparov. Deep Blue’s win was one of the first real instances of the competition of humans versus