Cloning is a real process that scientists use today to reproduce an exact living copy of DNA from the DNA of another living organism. When the idea of cloning first came about in the early 1800’s people believed it to be more science fiction than actual science. People didn’t understand the concept of cloning and therefore was naturally scared of the subject. It is best understood by how the Department of Animal Sciences at Cornell University explains it, “Cloning is a method of producing two or more genetically identical organisms by asexual reproduction. This means that there is only one parent cell, from which all the genetic information will come. Thus, the DNA sequence of cloned organisms is exactly the same as that of the parent cell.” Despite the general population’s disbelief there have been major scientific advances in the cloning process in the last fifty years. After many years of trial and error the first successful clone was created.
The process of cloning may look like twenty-first century science but the history of cloning goes back all the way to 1885. Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch was the first person to ever demonstrate the process of artificial embryo twinning. By simply shaking a two celled sea urchin embryo he made a landmark discovery. When shaken the two celled embryos split apart creating two identical celled embryos. After the cells separated they grew into two sea urchins. This discovery proved two things, that embryos have their own genetic instructions, and have the ability to grow into a complete organism.
Hans Spemann was the next person to make an important discovery in 1902. He attempted to split apart a two-celled embryo of a salamander. He accomplished this task by using a baby’s hair to split th...
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...rough cloning we could eliminate some disadvantages that some animal species have towards climates, or immune
Another perk to cloning is that we could possibly alter animals to give more effective products, or more desirable products. For example a herd of sheep in Montreal have a gene in their DNA that lets them produce spider silk through their milk. It is said that bulletproof vests can be made from this silk. Just imagine the possibilities if we were able to create such animals. By using the cloning process, they can make many products that can be helpful to the environment and the people.
When the idea of cloning first started it was thought to be a fictitious idea. The idea that cloning could one day become reality was thought to be a scientific impossibility by many experts. However we have now seen that what was thought to be "purely fiction" became reality.
Human cloning is the process by which genetic material from one person would be artificially transferred into a human or animal egg cell, thereby beginning the life of a new human individual who has only one parent and who is genetically identical to that parent. The once impossible idea of cloning became a reality in 1997 when Scottish embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced that a cloned sheep named Dolly was born. Dolly was created by removing the nucleus from a sheep egg cell and replacing it in the nucleus of a cell taken from the udder of another sheep. This said might sound good, but there are other pieces of information that need to be known about this process. ...
Web. 11 Dec. 2013 “History of Cloning.” Harverd medical School. N.p., n.d. Web. 10.
Cloning is a DNA sequence, such as a gene, that is transferred from one organism to another and replicated by genetic engineering techniques. This means to reproduce or propagate asexually and some sexually. Cloning is made when you have several embryos and you try to duplicate them to produce more eggs which is called SCNT. SCNT (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer) is used so that they can take a piece of DNA from an egg and transfer it to another egg after the nucleus has been eliminated by an ultra violet beam. This technique is really hard to accomplish but can be done by well experienced scientists. There are many reasons why scientist would like to clone, and two of the main reasons are finding a cure to certain types of diseases and helping the endangered species come back to life like they once were.
Cloning has been in nature for thousands of years, a clone is a living thing made from another consisting of the same DNA. For example identical twins are clones because they have the same DNA but the differ because the twins begin after conception when a zygote, a totipotent stem cell, divides into two, some plants self-pollinate and produce a seed, which in turn, makes plants with the same genetic code (Hyde). According to the Human Genome Project there are three types of cloning, DNA, therapeutic and reproductive; DNA cloning involves transferring DNA from a donor to another organism, therapeutic cloning, known as embryo cloning, involves harvesting stem cells from human embryos to grow new organs for transplant, and last is reproductive cloning which creates a copy of the host (Conger). One of the earliest cloned animals was a sea urchin by Hans Dreisch in the late 1800’s. Unlike Victor Frankenstein, Dreisch’s goal was to prove that genetic material is not lost in cell division, not to create another being, (History of Cloning) stated by Frankenstein “that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet.” There are many ways an animal...
...though scientific in this case, is the fact that, if cloning and genetic enginering become widely used technologies, they could begin to alter the natural evolution. When an animal is cloned, the mistakes of the previous generation are repeated. It is currently under question asto whether humans have the knowledge to allow the neceserry changes to occour, even while cloning, so as to stay in touch with the environmental changes. Or whether this halting of evolution could create disaster in the future.
Scientists also ponder the idea of cloning endangered species to increase their population. The possibilities of cloning are endless, however as suggested by (Hawley, 1998). actually doing much of this research for the improvement of life for humans. Cloning provides better research capabilities for finding cures to many diseases. Livestock can produce biological proteins that help people who have diseases including Diabetes, Parkinson's, and Cystic Fibrosis.
First, what exactly is cloning? In biology, cloning is used in two contexts: cloning a gene, or cloning an organism. Cloning is the reproduction of a human or animal whose genetic substance is identical to an existing being, such as an embryo or fetus. This is reproductive. Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism and insert it into a second organism. Cloning an organism means to create a new organism with the same genetic information as an existing one. This is therapeutic.
would be cloning of animals or G M crops. This in a way is going
Last of all, Cloning is not ethical, many religious groups look down upon cloning and think it’s not proper because they think it’s like playing God. Many scientists were mainly thinking about cloning animals and, most likely, humans in the future to harvest their organs and then kill them. “Who would actually like to be harvested and killed for their organs?” “Human cloning exploits human beings for our own self-gratification (Dodson, 2003).” A person paying enough money could get a corrupt scientist to clone anybody they wanted, like movie stars, music stars, athletes, etc (Andrea Castro 2005),” whether it be our desire for new medical treatments or our desire to have children on our own genetic terms (Dodson, 2003).
Cloning is a process by which genetically equal organisms are created with the same DNA. In simplest terms, clones are like twins born at different times. This procedure poses various dangers to society and humankind. One of the greatest threats this procedure creates is among
Cloning can also help with disease resistance, if you can cancel out the sickness of the breed then you can clone and produce healthy breeds for your farm. Cloning has the potential to increase the production of items like milk, eggs, and meat that are produced on the farm.
Recent discoveries involving cloning have sparked ideas of cloning an entire human body (ProQuest Staff). Cloning is “the production of an organism with genetic material identical to that of another organism” (Seidel). Therapeutic cloning is used to repair the body when something isn’t working right, and it involves the production of new cells from a somatic cell (Aldridge). Reproductive cloning involves letting a created embryo develop without interference (Aldridge). Stem cells, if isolated, will continue to divide infinitely (Belval 6). Thoughts of cloning date back to the beginning of the twentieth century (ProQuest Staff). In 1938, a man decided that something more complex than a salamander should be cloned (ProQuest Staff). A sheep named Dolly was cloned from an udder cell in 1997, and this proved that human cloning may be possible (Aldridge). In 1998, two separate organizations decl...
Techniques have improved rapidly, making it possible to clone cattle, sheep and other farm animals. How could cloning farm animals be of benefit? Cloning farm animals would be of many benefits among them are One of the major reasons to clone a farm animal is that, it reduces the effort and time needed for farmers to do what they have been doing for years that is selecting and propagating the best of the herd. How could cloning benefit medical research? Cloning would be of a much benefit in medical research, example genetically identical laboratory animals (clones) can be used as models for human disease.
Cloning has been a topic of discussion and scientific interest for many years. Research has been conducted on on cloning since the 1880’s. Animal cloning has been very successful, while human cloning has not had the same exact record of success. British biologist John Gurdon in 1962 cloned tadpoles by injecting intestine cells from an adult frog into nucleus lacking eggs. The tadpoles did not survive to adulthood but this discovery paved the way for further interest and research into cloning. Dolly the sheep is another important example of cloning. She was cloned from a somatic cell.
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