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History and overview of clenbuterol
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CLENBUTEROL Clenbuterol History and Overview
Clenbuterol isn’t an anabolic steroid, but rather a stimulant belonging to a class of compounds known as sympathomimetic. This classification contains other similar compounds an average individual might be more familiar with, such as: ephedrine, amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, albuterol, and many others. This drug category is quite broad with each compound in the family being related, having many similarities and operating in a same manner through similar pathways. The effect of Clenbuterol on the nervous system involves an interaction with adrenoreceptors, located in different tissues and cell types in the body. The resulting effect of Clenbuterol binding with adrenoreceptors in different tissues
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It is used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma. It is also frequently administered in asthma inhalers as the primary active drug of the inhaler. The use of Clenbuterol as a medication for asthma is primarily a European medical practice while in North America, Clenbuterol’s sister compound “Albuterol”, is utilized instead. The activation of beta-2 receptors in the cell-lining of the bronchial tubes initiates the opening and expansion of the airways (bronchial dilation) in the nose, throat and lungs. Many sympathomimetic stimulants exert this effect however Clenbuterol and Albuterol are better effective in particular for this purpose. Clenbuterol is also used in the treatment of other medical conditions, such as cardiovascular shock, heart arrhythmias, hypertension, allergic reactions and swelling, migraine headaches, anaphylactic shock and histamine …show more content…
Instead, Clenbuterol expresses side-effects that are common to drugs and compounds of the stimulant class. Meaning that many Clenbuterol side-effects are similar to that of Ephedrine, Caffeine and other stimulants to varying degrees. Clenbuterol side-effect includes those that are considered somehow unique to the compounds that are unseen with other stimulants.
Perhaps the most unique side-effect of Clenbuterol is the commonly reported muscle cramping side-effect. It is also a reported side-effect of Clenbuterol’s close sister compound, Albuterol. This results from Clenbuterol’s depletion of Taurine in the body. Studies have shown that the use of Clenbuterol depletes the level of amino-acid Taurine both in muscle tissue and serum blood plasma. Taurine alongside Sodium, Magnesium and Potassium play crucial roles in the regulation of bio-electrical nerve impulse and signals that govern contraction and relaxation of all types of muscle tissue. The depletion of Taurine results in intense, involuntary and painful muscle contractions that leads to cramps. Studies have shown that supplementing with Taurine at 2.5 – 5 grams each day can reduce this
Racemic albuterol is a β2- adrenergic agonist that is a 50:50 mixture of two isomers, (R) albuterol and (S) albuterol. These two isomers are mirror images of each other, and rotate light in opposite directions. (R) Albuterol is an active isomer and in this combination acts an active bronchodilator. The other half of the mixture, (S) albuterol, does not actually possess any bronchodilator activity and was until recently considered an “inactive” distomer or physiologically inert. The “R” stands for rectus or right, while the “S” is for sinister or left. Racemic albuterol was synthesized for maximal airway smooth muscle dilation while minimizing the α- and β1-receptor mediated effects on the cardiovascular system.
Spironolactone is a light cream colored stable powder that has a faint odor (6). Spironolactone was created by G.D. Searle and is currently the only product that directly treats hyperaldosteronism, the excess production of aldosterone in the body (9). Spironolactone is in the aldosterone-receptor blockers medication category. Spironolactone is a diuretic mostly used to treat hypertension and edemas (8). The discovery that led to the development of spironolactone was aldosterone being found to be the third hormone in the adrenal cortex (6). Aldosterone is created in the zona glomerulosa that is a region of the adrenal cortex. The information know aldosterone led to research into the creation of compounds and medications
While many agree that PhenRx is a powerful stimulant, others have complained about unpleasant physical effects, such as irregular heart beat and chest pains. However, while many users have expressed disappointment in the product, there are plenty of testimonials online that would seem to indicate that PhenRx works effectively for at least a portion of its user base.
One way steroids affect players is the effect on the mind and mental health of users. When baseball players take steroids, they put their bodies at risk. The risks include psychiatric symptoms such as bipolar disorder (Mitchell 55). Studies have shown that if baseball players get involved with steroids, there is strong chance they will experience symptoms like bipolar disorder or severe depression. Steroids also affect the cardiovascular system. They can cause heart attacks and increased or decreased cholesterol levels, and also cause the heart to become enlarged (Mitchell 55). The cardiovascular system faces tragic effects when people decide to use steroids. The liver is affected by steroids also, as the liver can become impaired, become cancerous, and thus cause skin to yellow (Mitchell 55). The f...
"Steroids (Anabolic) - Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics - NIDA." National Institute on Drug
The following information regards to the pharmaceutical medication albuterol. This medication is one of the most prescribed treatments for asthma symptoms in modern western medicine. Albuterol may be known as: Aerolin, Asmaven, Asthalin, Buventol, Broncovaleas, ProAir, Proventil, Salbutamol, Sultanol, Ventolin, and others.1 Knowing this, the contents that follow apply to each of the names above, and they will all be referred to as albuterol. The background of the medication, its chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic application are compiled together from multiple reliable resources for the purpose of acquiring a brief informational document on the main aspects of albuterol in society.
Anabolic steroids have been heavily used amongst athletes since the 1950’s; the purpose of using is to add muscle mass, speed, strength, and endurance. Anabolic steroids come in two methods, injectable forms and oral forms. Oral and injectable steroids metabolize in the body differently. Oral steroids include some different hormones than injectable steroids. Oral steroids can include, but not limited to, methyl testosterone, fluoxymestrerone, and stonazolol. Injectable steroids can contain, but not limited to, Trenbolone acetate, testosterone propionate, and stanzolol. Surveys have been taken and have shown that 80-100 of bodybuilders, weightlifters, and professional athletes have used or are using steroids. As the doses of steroids grow larger and larger, it has said to increase aggression, fatigue loss, less libido, and mood changes.
Prather, Irvine D. "Clenbuterol: substitute for anbolic steroids?" Medicine and Science in Sports 27 Aug. 1995: 1118.
The indication for use of an adrenergic bronchodilator is relaxation of airway smooth muscle in the presence of reversible airflow obstruction associated with asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and other obstructive airway diseases. This bronchodilator stimulates b2 receptors on the airway smooth muscle. Here are three classes of adrenergic bronchodilators. The three types are ultra-short acting, short acting, and long acting. Ultra short acting lasts between 1-3 hours, short acting lasts between 2-6 hours, and long acting lasts about 12 hours. An example of an ultra short acting adrenergic bronchodilator agent is epinephrine. An example of a short acting adrenergic
The main pharmaceutical drugs used to treat and manage asthma are Beta2-adrenergic agonist and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Beta2-adrenergic agonists are used for relief and acute symptoms, while corticosteroids are to be taken daily to control inflammation. Inhaled corticosteroids are used as the first-line maintenance therapy. ICS are the most effective anti-inflammatory drug used in the management of asthma. ICS must be used long-term, as symptoms are likely to recur if they are discontinued.
Dextromethorphan is a drug that is designed to alleviate cough caused by influenza and the common cold. It is approved for patients who are over the age of four. It is extremely important for people to avoid giving this medication to people who are under the age of four. Young children may experience life-threatening side effects if they take this medication.
Combination agents containing inhaled corticosteroids along with long-acting beta agonists are considered appropriate step-up therapy for patients experiencing COPD exacerbations while taking long-acting bronchodilators.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists block specific inflammatory effects and are used prophylactically and for the treatment of chronic bronchial asthma in adults and children 6 months and older (Karch, p.893). They selectively and competitively antagonize components of Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRSA), thereby reducing factors that contribute to inflammation, mucus secretion, and bronchorestriction.
Van de Beek, D., de Gans, J., McIntyre,P., Prasad, K. “Steroids in adults with acute
The Web. The Web. Retrieved from http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/steroids. The "Cocaine Effects" Thegooddrugsguide.com - http://www.thegood The Good Drug Guide.