Anne F. Broadbridge’s Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds is comprised of the contrasting positions held on different ideologies in the Medieval Islamic world. She distinguishes the between attitudes held toward political rule in the Middle East and Central Asia, specifically examining the years from 1260 to 1405. Where the influence of the Islamic religion had been playing a major role in how rulers defined their sovereignty, Mongol invasions led to unsettling comparisons to be established in order to clarify a ruler’s purpose as an administrative leader. The primary difference addressed is the conflict between Mamluk Sultans and Mongol Khans, which led to an even greater sense of dissimilar forms of political legitimacy …show more content…
However, Tughril was different from Chingiz Khan because he initially established his rule upon the notion that he would be the protector of the caliphate. The Muslim dominance in Iran required Tughril’s ideological standpoint to accept historical understandings of rulership, thereby no overthrowing the caliphate, but by legitimizing themselves through establishing their own caliphate. Comparably, Broadbridge supports the perception of the Mamluk Sultanate being an Islamic ruler as opposed the view held by the Ilkhanids who saw them as a rebel dichotomy. These concepts differentiated the way a Khan verses a Sultan went about their rule in regions that were predominately Islamic. And although rulers focused on making decisions that made clear distinctions between each other, appealing to the Muslim community or “rightfully overthrowing them” was a necessity in and around Iran. No, there did not seem to be any inclination of a democratic sway threatening kings, khans, and sultans around the fourteenth century, but deviating too far from historical expectations could lead to issues of upholding a nation’s centralized …show more content…
Even though Chingiz Khan was able to unite Mongol tribes in order to further the expansion of his empire, Broadbridge recognizes the ideology he upheld concerning universal dominance was no longer emphasized by the Ilkhanids in the early fourteenth century. This ideological change is evidence of problems that came about in the Mongol world when the loss of Chingiz Khan resulted in the fragmentation of the empire. Broadbridge specifically investigates the Ilkhanids in Iran, the Golden Horde in Central Asia, and Temür in order to define new synthesized versions of determining political legitimacy, which is important to diagnose because Mongol leaders could not only compare themselves to non-Mongols but to other Mongols as well. One way Mongol rulers would do this is by adopting ancient traditions going all the way back to Sasanian history by promoting their own version of the Shahnamah, otherwise known as the Great Mongol Shahnamah. The Great Mongol Shahnamah features epic heroes like Alexander the Great, Ardashir, Bahram Gur to support Mongol ideologies of rule by conquest. Themes of the Great Mongol Shahnama included enthronement (focus on ruler, vision of grandeur), fantastic and supernatural things (battles and hunts), and legitimacy (seeing rule as sheer luck or chance, put special emphasis on examples
...trospectively. The menacing creature that is Genghis Kahn went overboard to gain as much power as he did. His strategies didn’t allow failure. Unfortunately, his success was from a sociopathic standpoint. Every win by Khan, was a loss for all others. (doc D and doc F) The law codes composed by Kahn were ridiculously unjust and ignited insolence in all men. (doc K and doc N) The yam system was the only completely harmless innovation/method created by Kahn. (doc L) Meanwhile, millions of people were still systematically murdered by Genghis and his stupendous army. (doc E and doc I) All but monotheistic religions were practically snubbed. (doc H, doc G, and doc M). The Mongols will always remain the “barbarians,” for if a society were to emerge that, by some supernatural force, exceeds the brazenness of the Mongol Empire, it would be the end of the world as we know it.
Rossabi, Morris. "Life in China Under Mongol Rule: Religion." The Mongols in World History | Asia
Weatherford, J. McIver. Genghis Khan and the making of the modern world. New York: Crown, 2004.
The most important constituent to the Mongols success was ‘a ruthless use of two psychological weapons, loyalty and fear’ (Gascoigne 2010). Ghengis Khan, the Mongol leader from 1206-1227, was merciless and made a guileful contrast in his treatment of nomadic kinsfolk and settled people of cities. For instance, a warrior of a rival tribe who bravely fights against Ghengis Khan and loses will be r...
Before Genghis Khan, the Mongols had been semi-barbaric and primitive nomadic tribes, becoming literate just a few years before the early 1200s. Kublai Khan was not only the grandson of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, he was also the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China. The thesis of “Khubilai Khan His Life and Times” written by Morris Rossabi, is a biography that showed the significance of Khan’s life drawn on sources from a variety of countries, it goes into a detailed collection of his conquests and defeats. It is organized chronologically and topically in order to cover Khan’s exploits as a Mongol leader.
In the following paper, I will be comparing the five institutions between the Mongols and the Pakistanis, discussing the unique qualities that distinguish these cultures from one another. These five institutions include topics such as religion, economics, education, politics, and family.
Imagine the skulls of your people littered on the ground of your town. There is only one man who could be this ruthless and that was Genghis Khan. The Mongolian of the Asian Steppe had a negative impact on the world during their rule of their Asian continent from 1260 and 1368 by influencing death, cruelty, and torture. I will show you the ways of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan used psychological warfare and brought death to those villages and armies that opposed him. He was a cruel person to those who opposed him gave no mercy to those. Genghis used painful ways of torture and didn’t care about the outcome.
The Mongolian Empire quickly conquered monumental sums of land in only a relatively small amount of time, but their serious challenge was figuring out a way to govern and maintain the newly acquired land. Genghis Khan united the Mongols and with their superior military skills, they toppled the governments of surrounding nations and captured their lands. The Mongols who occupied each subjected nation ruled the people and installed different government systems that fit their liking. The Golden Horde, those who conquered the land of modern-day Russia, decided to tax their subjects and refuse to coexist with them. The Mongols in Persia created the Ilkhanate of Persia, where the nomads assimilated into Persian cultures and societies and ruled by a khan, or leader. Those in China during the Yuan Dynasty did away with the civil examinations and decided to promote individuals to rule the lands so that the nomads did not have to handle politics. These three different types of relationships and ways of installing government rule are the Mongols’ response to the needs of their newly claimed lands.
Throughout the history of mankind, there have been countless empires, kingdoms, and civilisations. However, only a few of these truly stand out among the rest and are known to have expanded their territories greatly and make immense technological discoveries. Empires such as the British, Roman, Greek, and Ottoman all demonstrated conquest of land and advancements in technology. Another one of these incredible empires was the Mongol Empire. It is widely known as being one of the largest and long-lasting civilisations ever to exist. Not only did the Mongols conquer nearly half of the world, they transformed people’s ways of living and fighting. However, they didn’t just appear overnight. They began their rise to power when a Mongol carriage at
Women in Mongolia were treated fairly under the rule of Chinggis Khan, especially compared to other cultures in this era. Women were crucial to the survival of Mongolian society; they had jobs, they were warriors, they were leaders, and they had to raise their children. Women were liberated in Mongolia. They had many more rights than women of other empires, such as Persia and China, and their opinions were far more respected.
The Mongol Empire couldn’t have existed without the unity Chinggis Khan provided. The pastoralists began as simply distinct tribes, but with the help of Chinggis Khan they united under the goal of conquering the world. They first extracted their wealth from raiding, trading, and extorting other nations, but once they had to built a strong enough army they started their attacks. The Mongols advantage of horseback riding gave them the power needed to take down strong nations including China, Persia, and Russia. The Mongols led the unification of Eurasia creating an empire that’s success and domination had been unprecedented.The massive Mongol empire rose from the ashes of many distinct nations as they conquered these nations through their clever
In the ancient times, it was very common to find a 13 year old ruler. Most of them failed with this task. However, this caused Genghis Khan’s rise to ultimate power. After Khan’s father, the leader of their nomadic tribe, died, it was upto Genghis Khan to lead the clan. Coronated at 13 years old, Genghis took the reins and drove his tribe into victory. His rise to power was significant because he was such a powerful leader at such a young age. To begin, since he was crowned at a young age, he had more time to round up tribes to form the Mongol Horde. With his first few victories, m...
From the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, European influence was a significant force in various aspects of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Iran. Although the reforms, coined primarily by Gelvin as “defensive developmentalism,” were initially intended to centralize governmental control and strengthen the military, the actual effects were much broader. Based on varying pre-existing conditions and unique approaches to governorship, this process of modernization affected each region differently. This essay will explore the manner in which European influence shaped each territory, the primary areas of civilization, politics and culture that experienced reform, and the degree to which that influence was significant, or in the case of Iran, insignificant. European influence was most prominent in Egypt, beginning with the dynasty of Muhammad Ali who initiated the reforms that would lay the groundwork for future rulers.
This story can be summarized by dividing the story into three major sections that represent a genealogy of the Genghis Khan ancestors, the lifestyle of Genghis Khan and the story of Genghis son and Ogodei his successor. This piece of early time’s literature was translated and edited by Jack Weatherford and it was not released until 16th February, 2010. The piece of work restores early history’s most prominent figures to the positions they rightfully deserves. It clears the picture of the nomadic lifestyle of the Mongols and it is rich with information regarding the society of the Mongols in the 12th and the 13th centuries” (Kahn, 2005).
Weatherford, J. McIver. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Crown, 2004. Print.