1. What factors influence motor development in young children? p. 342 There are three factors that influence motor development in young children. As children grow, their actions and abilities to do activities with their body improves and this is called maturation. This includes the genetically controlled rate of growth as the book mentions. The second factor is children’s prior experience. In terms of children’s environment, parents and caregivers provide some opportunities for active play in order to encourage the growth of their motor skills. The third factor is new motor activities. This consists of gross motor, fine motor and perceptual motor. Gross motor activity involves the movements of the entire body or the large muscles of the body. Fine motor activity involves the small muscles of the body and the hands and feet.. Perceptual motor development is where children have the ability to take in information and respond from the environment. In addition, the book states that the motor development should link to bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. This is where children use their bodies to help them process information and they need manipulation materials. 2. What physical/motor skills are appropriate for young children to develop? p. 345 …show more content…
According to the textbook, locomotor abilities involve a change of location of the body and it includes the skills of walking, running, leaping, jumping, climbing, hopping, and riding a tricycle. Nonlocomotor means balancing. It includes turning, twisting, pushing, swinging, balancing, bending and dodging. Manipulative means control of limited and precise movements of the small muscles including hands and feet as the book states. It includes throwing, kicking, catching, reaching, cutting and
Gross motor development is the review of the child’s capability to move in a consistent man...
The dynamic systems view was developed by Arnold Gesell in 1934 and explores how humans develop their motor skills. From Mr. Gesell’s observations, he was able to conclude that children develop their motor skills in a specific order and time frame. He concluded that children roll, walk, sit, and stand as a result of several factors – the ability to move, the environmental support to move and the motivation/goal to move. Once the child has the motivation, ability, and support, they accept the new challenge. After several failed and successful attempts, they begin to fine-tune and master the movement with continued support and motivation. The dynamic systems theory is not a random process that children experience, the skills are calculated and develop over a period of time.
Gross motor development is complex as it relies on all of the developmental domains assisting with physical development from infancy...
Arnold Lucius Gesell was an American psychologist and paediatrician and professor at Yale University, known for his research and contributions in the field of child development. Gessell was one of the first theorists to identify developmental milestones – he called them ‘Gessell developmental schedules’. He developed the maturational theory, which suggests that children’s development is due to their biological makeup and that environment has only a small influence. His research led him to three principles of physical development which are:-
The first type of development that can be observed is physical development. Physical development refers to a child's gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are the use of large groups of muscles that can develop naturally through outdoor and indoor play. During play, a child may use their gross motor skills by standing, jumping, climbing, running or riding a bike. "If children are encouraged to be physically active, these skills can develop into advanced patterns of motor coordination that can last a lifetime" (brightfutures.org). Fine motor skills are the use of the muscles in the hands. These muscles can develop by using fingers to cut with scissors, write, paint and many other activities. Underdeveloped muscles, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all signs o...
A motor skill is a taught structure of movement that trust together to produce a smooth, efficient action in order to develop on a particular task. The development of a motor skill happens in the motor cortex, the area of the cerebral cortex that controls voluntary muscle groups.
Loop, E., (2010). Fine motor and gross motor activities for infants and toddlers. Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/fine-motor-gross-motor-activities-infants-toddlers-8825.html
A child must have physical development before motor development can occur (Charlesworth, 2000). According to Piaget infants acquire knowledge from their environment. Through sight, smell, hearing, and touch this is accomplished. Adults are responsible for seeing that the children have a chance to explore to acquire the knowledge. A child must be physically able to do the work that is required to keep up with the other students. Many chil...
Mastering fine motor skills is a very important process needed for physical and cognitive development. It is during early childhood that most children develop these skills, however there are many children that do not. A young child’s fine motor skills are developed through a vast array of activities that aide the child in doing little things such as grasping a toy as an infant, and buttoning buttons as a toddler or tying shoes when they are a preschooler. Fine motor development is the development of the small muscles in the hands and fingers. Many crucial daily activities depend on strong motor skills, such as writing, using eating utensils and getting dressed, among other things. Without fine motor skills a child will have difficulties preforming
Physical development focuses on increasing the skill and performance of the body. The sequence of physical development involves firstly gross motor skills that require control of large muscles in the body, arms and legs. Gross motor skills are larger movements your baby makes with his/her arms, legs, feet, or his/her entire body. Physical and cognitive development are closely linked, especially during the early years. When most teens mature their frontal lobes continue to develop.
There are three factors that interconnect a child’s development and these are growth, development and learning. These factors can be influenced by a child’s experiences, environment and genetic factors.
Physical and motor development are two similar but different areas that describe child development. Physical development encompasses all of the various changes a child's body goes through. Those changes include height, weight, and brain development. Motor development is the development of control over the body. This control would involve developing reflexes such as blinking, large motor skills like walking, and fine motor skills like manipulating their fingers to pick up small objects like Cheerios. It is important to objectively study physical and motor development in children to gain knowledge on what characteristics are considered typical for each age and stage of development. This will enable me to be aware of when a child or children are developing at an irregular pace, and devise recommendations or find experiences and other resources that can aid in stimulating their development and to work towards closing achievement gaps. This particular assignment was to observe the selected child and reaffirm the importance of studying physical and motor development, and to develop ideas on how to involve it in my work as an early childhood professional.
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
In the specific areas of learning and development, physical development supports throughout. It allows a child to be able to improve their literacy skills; as they develop their fine motor skills they can learn to write. Both fine and gross motor skills are used to hold and read a book. From books, develops imagination which can develop the brain and may involve activities with physical movement (Development matters, 2012).
During this stage of development, children continue to develop gross motor skills but most of the development is with their fine motor skills. During this stage children are beginning to learn how to color, use scissors, write, and possibly tie their own shoes. Children will develop hand eye coordination as well as the ability to manipulate objects to accomplish what they want. My development was especially slow in this area. I did not begin to write legible words until I was five almost six years old. I still to this day, cannot cut a straight line and I could not color in the lines until I was about ten years old. I have always struggled with hand eye coordination and anything requiring the ability to manipulate a small object.