Simmons, Charles James (1893-1875), politician and evangelical preacher, was born on 9 April 1893 at 30 Brighton Road, Mosley, Birmingham. His father, James Henry Simmons (1867-1941), was a master painter and his mother, Mary Jane (1872-1958), a schoolteacher. They were Primitive Methodists, temperance advocates, and Liberals. His maternal grandfather, Charles Henry Russell (1846-1918), a Liberal, Primitive Methodist lay preacher and friend of Joseph Arch (leader of the Agricultural Labourers’ Union and MP), shared the family home. Simmons described him as ‘the greatest influence during my formative years’, the well-spring of the religious and political activism that was to characterize his career (Simmons, 6). Educated at Board schools, Simmons left formal education at the age of fourteen for employment in an assortment of jobs, including a tailor’s porter, telegraph messenger and salesman.
Visiting absent Sunday-school scholars with his aunt, Simmons was deeply affected by the squalid conditions in which some lived. He concluded that the causes of poverty were deeper and more complex than the temperance movement allowed. Aged sixteen, he confirmed his commitment to Primitive Methodism by becoming a lay preacher. His allegiance to evangelical religion and preaching never wavered. Converted to socialism at Birmingham’s Digbeth ‘model’ parliament in 1909, he was greatly influence by the oratory and Christian Socialism of George Lansbury. Rejecting Marxism, he embraced the ‘warm, human, inspiring’ variety of socialism he recognized in the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and the Labour Churches (Simmons, 17). Churchill’s deployment of troops to Birmingham during the 1911 Transport Strike completed Simmons’ alienation from the L...
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...im Simmons died aged 82 on 11 August 1975.
Works Cited
George J. Barnsby, Socialism in Birmingham and the Black Country: 1850-1939 (Wolverhampton: Integrated Publishing Services, 1977). David Englander, ‘The National Union of Ex-Servicemen and the Labour Movement, 1918-1920’, History, February 1991, Volume 76, Issue 246, pp. 24-42. Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, 30 November 1954, col 54 and 18 March 1930 col 2050 – 2052. David Howell, ‘Simmons, Charles James ‘Jim’ (1893-1973), Dictionary of Labour Biography, Vol XIII (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 339-352. Michael Hughes, ‘The Development of Methodist Pacifism’, Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society, Volume 53, October 2002, pp. 203 - 215. Jim Simmons, Soapbox Evangelist (Chichester: Janay Publishing Company, 1972). The Times (London, England), 20 Mar 1930, 8 Feb 1949, 19 Aug 1975.
Hahn discusses both the well-known struggle against white supremacy and the less examined conflicts within the black community. He tells of the remarkable rise of Southern blacks to local and state power and the white campaign to restore their version of racial order, disenfranchise blacks, and exclude them from politics. Blacks built many political and social structures to pursue their political goals, including organizations such as Union Leagues, the Colored Farmers’ Alliance, chapters of the Republican Party, and emigration organizations. Hahn used this part of the book to successfully recover the importance of black political action shaping their own history.
As Rand refutes a principal concept of socialism, she illustrates multiple counts of insubordination and social class structures. Socialism’s attempt to remove class structure fails miserably. The most prominent demonstration of rebellion rises from Equality 7-2521 and his emotions and desire for knowledge. After being denied by the Council of Scholars, Equality 7-2521 rashly breaks a window and flees “in a ringing rain of glass” (Rand 75). Equality 7-2521’s actions illustrate the ‘working class’ rebelling against the ‘elitists’ though this society attempted to eliminate social structures. Furthermore, Equality 7-2521 was not alone in rebelling against ‘the brotherhood’, Liberty 5-3000 followed his example. Unsatisfied with her life and the suppression of emotion, she followed Equality 7-2521’s example and “on the night of the day when we heard it, we ran away from the Home of Peasants” (Rand 82). The rebellion of the two members reflects the means of a social rev...
Dennis Banks , an American Indian of the Ojibwa Tribe, was born in 1937 on the Leach Lake reservation in Minnesota and was raised by his grandparents. Dennis Banks grew up learning the traditional ways of the Ojibwa lifestyle. As a young child he was taken away from practicing his traditional ways and was put into a government boarding school that was designed for Indian children to learn the white culture. After years of attending the boarding school, Banks enlisted in the U.S. Air Force, shipping out to Japan when he was only seventeen years old.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. Copyright 1994 by Oxford University Press. Kennedy, Richard S. http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-00394.html; American National Biography Online, Feb. 2000. Access Date: Sun Mar 18 12:31:47 2001 Copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies.
James Francis Thorpe accomplished without argument what no other athlete in history has. The Sac and Fox Indian won gold medals in the pentathlon and decathlon in the 1912 Olympic games in Sweden and played both professional football and professional baseball. His feats on the football field put him on the 1911 and 1912 All-American football teams. In 1920 he became the first president of the American Professional Football Association (later to become the NFL). In 1951, he was one of the first men to be admitted to the National Football Foundation’s Hall of Fame.
Davenport, Tim. "Socialist Party (1897-1946): Party History." Early American Marxism website. N.p., 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 8 Dec. 2011. .
Ask anyone, and most children choose summer as their favorite time of year. To them, nothing beats time out of school with your family and friends hitting the beaches. But go back about 80 years from now, and the summer became trimmed not with beaches and cheer, but with uncertainty and fear. In Britain, a lonely isle in a caldron of political turmoil, one Englishman, arguably the best leader Britain had ever had, concerned himself not with popsicles and baseball, but with his country’s very existence. War boiled over in Europe in a few weeks, and Winston Churchill gave one of his most famous speeches to try to rouse his greatest ally- the United States. By analyzing and explaining the purpose and audience, subject, and voice of his speech, we will see just how desperate England had become.
In The Age of Reform, by far the most comprehensive work discussed, Richard Hofstadter argues that the Progressive movement occurred in cities and was led by the middle class, specifically men who were used to leadership positions and were formerly considered civic leaders within their communities. However, these middle class men, whom Hofstadter refers to as mugwumps, were “Progressives not because of economic deprivations but primarily because they were the victims of an upheaval in status that took place” during the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. More specifically, this was “a changed pattern in the distribution of deference and power” often re...
Here, Malcolm begins his analysis by talking about the distinct political climate that existed at that time where many individuals in both the South and the North were frustrated with the stagnant pace by which racial progress was being achieved in context of civil rights legislation. In this, Malcolm in many ways levies a threat by which he warns the political elites of that period that the time is now to enfranchise African-American’s, not later. Additionally, Malcolm furthers his analysis by also critiquing the political trickery played by both the Democratic Party and the Republican Party in Northern States. In this, Malcolm posits that each of these parties have relied on the negro vote to gain and hold office, yet these parties in many instances have left many black issues—like civil rights legislation—on the table rather than actively fighting for them in the roles in which they serve. Lastly, Malcolm concludes with a discussion on liberated self-sufficiency. In context of this notion, Malcolm focuses on the need for black people explicitly to unite to form a concentrated and deliberate attack on the structures of white supremacy and the political institutions that perpetuate and ultimately preserve
...lfare State in England and Germany, 1850-1914: Social Policies Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print.
Lifson. (1997). Grace Abbott and the strugglefor social reform. Humanities, 18(1), 40. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9705231699&site=ehost-live
Wolffe, J. 1997. Religion in Victorian Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press in association with the Open University
Collier, Richard. 1965. The General Next to God: The Story of William Booth and the Salvation Army. London: Collins Clear-Type Press.
Max Weber’s work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is arguably one of the most important works in all of sociology and social theory, both classical and modern. In the decades since its inception, this work has gone on to influence generations of social scientists with its analysis of the effect of Protestantism on the development of modern industrial capitalism. This work, examining such broad topics as religion, economics, and history, is not only an interesting and insightful look into the history of the development of capitalism, but a major work in laying a foundation for future works of social theory. Max Weber’s main contention in this work is that what he calls the “Protestant Ethic” played a vital role in fostering the development of industrial capitalism in Europe and the United States. The Protestant Ethic was the idea found in some sects of Protestantism that one had a duty to God to succeed in their life’s work, but were bound to a lifestyle of asceticism that prevented them from spending the wealth they earned on themselves.
Because the subject matter of strategic management is so inherently complex and because each one of us brings his own personal biases to the analysis, it was suggested early on that virtually all case material in the field be analyzed from the perspective of more than one methodology. Profit theory and industrial chains were selected as the first of a number of viable approaches to the analytical process. It would have been equally correct to select the Five Competitive Forces analysis refined by Michael Porter, one of the major figures in the field of strategic management. This methodology addresses the same issues but differs only in the language that they use to describe corporate behavior. The five forces are: