Problem The problem is the increase of osteoarthritis in the United States. Throughout the years, the United States is seen to have an increase in osteoarthritis cases and hospital care costs. According to Murphy and Helmick (2012): In 2006 and again in 2007 there were roughly 12.3 million ambulatory care visits and 85,000 ED visits associated with an OA diagnosis…in 2009 OA was the primary diagnosis for an estimated 921,000 hospitalizations, with a mean cost per stay of $45,443; this is more than double the number of hospital stays associated with OA in 1997-418,000 (Murphy and Helmick, 2012). Osteoarthritis is a rising problem in the United States; with this rise, it is seen to increase number of hospital visits and costs of the visits. There are not that many interventions that help with the cost rising, but there are changes being made to help decrease the incidence of osteoarthritis. Comments: The problem was stated in every aspect of this article. The problem was easily and clearly identified through research and reviews that were conducted by the authors. I think the authors did a very good job in communicating their research to the reader. Purpose This review was completed to raise an awareness of the causes and costs of osteoarthritis. The authors want the reader to realize that, as time passes, incidences of osteoarthritis is increasing and so are the costs. Comments: The authors included research to help the reader see a better picture of how osteoarthritis is becoming a bigger problem in the United States. The purpose was clearly explained in this article through examples and research. Objectives The main objective, of this article, is to help broaden the knowledge of osteoarthritis among the society in the United Stat... ... middle of paper ... ... ways that I could help raise awareness in the community. I really liked how the authors showed the differences, of osteoarthritis, between the sexes and gender. The authors gave factual information to prove their points. The authors wrote their last line as, “Nurses can play a critical role in increasing the availability of and referring patients to these interventions, thus improving the health of their patients and the public overall” (Murphy and Helmick, 2012). I do agree with this last statement. Nurses can play a very important role in educating patients. Nurse can help decrease the occurrence of osteoarthritis by educating the patient on their osteoarthritis diagnosis. Works Cited Murphy, L. & Helmick, C. (2012, March). The Impact of Osteoarthritis in the United States: A Population-Health Perspective. American Journal of Nursing, 112(3), 13-19.
Shiel W Jr.and Stoppler M. (2011). Osteoarthritis . Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/osteoarthritis/article.htm . Last accessed December 2013.
Without question the cost of medical care in this country has skyrocketed over the last few decades. Walk into an emergency room with an earache or the need for a few stitches and you’re apt to walk out with a bill that is nothing short of shocking.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis often develop slowly and worsen over the years. Signs and symptoms include: pain in joints, tenderness, stiffness, loss of flexibility, grating sensation joints (from bone on bone), and bone spurs.
Ytterberg, S.R., Mahowald, M.L. & Krug, H.E.(1994) “Exercise for arthritis”, BailliOre' s Clinical Rheumatology, 8(1), pp. 161-189. ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950357905802304 (Accessed: 13th May 2014).
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the hands, spine and the ankles and hips. It is known to be associated with aging, and is concerned with the cartilage that protects the joints (the meeting place of two bones). Normal cartilage allows for bones to slide over each other uniformly, acting as a shock absorber to any damage. However cartilage in osteoarthritis, located at the ends of the bones erodes and deteriorates, causing friction and hence pain, swelling and restricted movement. Therefore in osteoarthritic both the composition and appearance of the cartilage alters, while the body attempts to repair this damaged cartilage is broken down faster than it can be built up. A defective repair process can cause bone overgrowth, bone spur/osteocytes to form which can be seen at the ends of the joints. In osteoarthritis the bones come in close contact with each other, and wear away leaving the bone exposed and unprotected.
Bibliography: Arthritis Foundation, Understanding Arthritis (1986); Kelley, William N., et al., eds., Textbook of Rheumatology, 2d ed., (1985); McCarty, Daniel F., ed., Arthritis and Allied Conditions, 11th ed. (1988); Moll, J. M. H., Rheumatology in Clinical Practice (1987).
The main weakness in the article is, the author may use graphs or tables to elaborate facts and figures.
There are three issues when it comes to the health care cost rising. The first is the rising cost in prescription drugs. The second area of rising cost is the increased technologies when it comes to the medical industry. The third problem is the aging population. Prescription drugs are the area of the fastest growing health care expense, and it is projected to grow at 20 to 30 percent each year over the next several years. There are many newer, more expensive drugs on the market, and the use of these prescriptions is exploding. In addition, with so much television advertising, many consumers ask their doctors for expensive, brand name drugs when there may actually be a generic drug that works just as well.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Almost everyone develops osteoarthrits as they age, some get it while in their fifties and in others it does not appear until their eighties. Osteoarthritis is the most common form that affects older people; this form of the disease wears down the cartilage mostly through overuse and injury but there are other causes. This specific form of the disease causes the cartilage to break down and the bones to rub against each other. Deformity and swelling occurs because knobs of hardened bits of cartilage develop in the joint. It forms especially if a joint has been injured many times.
Anterior knee pain plagues the athletic community, the most common being runner’s knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). One point or another in an athlete’s career they have experienced this kind of pain. When comparing between male and female athletes and who has the higher chance of knee pain, female athletes have a higher prevalence than male athletes (Dolak KL). There are several different mechanisms of patellofemoral pain a few being: pes planus,an increased Q angle, weak, tight or an imbalance in the quadriceps or hip muscles. Recently in my clinic site as the spring sports such as, baseball, soccer and track and field the athlete’s perform a lot of squatting, running, and kneeling which load the patellofemoral joint. We are now starting to see several and treat several athletes with patellofemoral knee pain. Each of them experiencing the pain from a different mechanism. As an athletic trainer we want to treat not only the symptoms, but the mechanism of injury to prevent further injuries down the road. If patellofemoral pain syndrome is not properly treated it can develop into chronic diseases such as chondromalacia or arthritis, maybe eventually leading to a total knee plan. (Lee SE) Treatment while the athletes are young and symptoms aren’t severe is key to preventing further injury.
...the data did not involve member checking thus reducing its robustness and enable to exclude researcher’s bias. Although a constant comparative method was evident in the discussion which improved the plausibility of the final findings. Themes identified were well corroborated but not declared was anytime a point of theoretical saturation Thus, the published report was found to be particularly strong in the area of believability and dependability; less strong in the area of transferability; and is weak in the area of credibility and confirmability, although, editorial limitations can be a barrier in providing a detailed account (Craig & Smyth, 2007; Ryan, Coughlan, & Cronin, 2007).
“Acupuncture has been considered a viable adjunct therapy of symptoms of knee osteoarthritis” (Siddiqui et al, 2014, p. 16). It is considered to be one of the most popular sensory stimulation therapies that involves inserting and manipulating fine needles to stimulate specific anatomic points to facilitate recovery of health (Wang, 2013). According to Wang (2013), it is estimated that 3 million adults are using acupuncture for treatment of chronic pain and most recently with OA. As Siddiqui et al (2014) discussed how multiple studies have proved that acupuncture had significant reduction of pain and mobility, primarily in knees and hip, greater than pharmacological treatment group with
Arthritis and related conditions have been considered as the third largest contributor to direct health care expenditure, affecting nearly 46 million people in the USA. More important, the economic and social burden of arthritis is expected to grow, as the number of people with arthritis is expected to reach 67 million in the USA by 2030. Among various arthritis conditions, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide. It is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by cellular infiltration and proliferation of synovium, leading to progressive destruction of articular bone and cartilage. As RA tends to be progressive in nature, the current treatments, including conventional therapies and
I have used this journal as a source to many of my researches before and I find them to be very reliable. Statistics stated in this particular article are well sourced, and I have not discovered any sourcing errors, as well as grammatical errors. This source is not objective, but it is not as biased as some of the other articles I have come across on the same topic. I do not believe that the article’s lack of objectivity takes away from its credibility. All of the claim are well documented, and the goal of this article is to bring light to the issue.