Daniella Cowden
161127020069
Physical Science Department
Research Task
Green Swimming Pool Investigation
Problem Statement:
The Olympics pool in Rio turned green overnight and needs to be rectified. What went wrong also needs to be determined through the chemistry involved in maintaining a pool.
Normal Pool Chemistry:
The water in pools has to be disinfected to make it safe for swimming. But the disinfectants added to pools aren’t just killing harmful microbes. They’re also reacting with organic matter in the water to form unwanted disinfection by-products. Most of the precursors to those by-products are brought into the water by swimmers themselves.
The most common compounds used to disinfect swimming pools are forms of chlorine. Other disinfectants include bromine, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. They all
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High levels can cause PH to rise. Total alkalinity indicates the water's ability to buffer PH changes. Buffering means you need to use a larger quantity of a chemical to change the pH. At low Total Alkalinity levels, the pH tends to swing around drastically. At high Total Alkalinity levels, the pH tends to drift up.
Calcium Hardness - Appropriate levels help prevent plaster damage. High levels can cause calcium scaling. Calcium hardness indicates the amount of calcium in the water. Over time, water with low calcium levels will tend to dissolve calcium out of plaster, pebble, tile, stone, concrete, and to some extent fiberglass surfaces.
Cyanuric Acid - Protects chlorine from sunlight and determines the required Free Chlorine level. Cyanuric acid, often called stabilizer or conditioner, both protects Free Chlorine from sunlight and lowers its effective strength. The higher the Cyanuric Acid level, the more Free Chlorine you need to use to get the same effect. It is important to know your Cyanuric Acid level so you can figure out what Free Chlorine level to aim for.
Disinfection
In the pH homeostasis lab, 6 experiments were conducted. The hypotheses were: If base is added to water then the pH will increase; If acid is added to water then the pH will decrease; If base is added to homogenate, then the pH will increase; If acid is added to homogenate, then the pH will decrease; If acid or base is added to buffer, then the pH will remain the same. After the experiments were conducted, the graphs were somewhat similar to the hypotheses.
In this paper I will argue that, whether or not we have a moral duty to rescue in the “shallow pond” case, we have a moral duty to donate our money, when it is of no morally significant cost to us to do so, to save the lives of faraway strangers in need. I will explain all these cases in brief in the coming paragraphs and discuss what my opinion is.
Like all objects, clocks inevitably get dust and dirt on them. The type of cleaning solution used to clean clocks depends on the material the clock is made out of. Usually, liquid cleaning solutions are used because they are cheap, easy to store, and are easier to get into a clock's many nooks and crannies. Hydrocarbon A high-purity-hydrocarbon cleaner is a rinsing agent used after the clock and its internal parts have been cleaned. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made out of hydrogen and carbon. The solution spreads as an even film and is designed to leave a stain-free surface. Hydrocarbon solutions are safe to use on materials that are sensitive to solvents that contain chlorine. Clock Cleaning Concentrate Solution When clocks are
HOCl is a much stronger disinfectant than hypochlorite but their relative distribution depends upon pH. At pH > 4 dissociation of Cl2 is almost complete whereas at pH values greater than 5, HOCl starts dissociating and there is an increase in concentration of OCl-. The effect of pH on chlorination is shown in fig 1.1(a).
strong acid or base does not necessarily yield a drastic jump in pH. The acid
In the non-fiction book “The Color of Water” by James McBride, in chapter 4, James punched the boy on the bus in the face because when he tried to warn his mom through the window of where the black panther’s son was sitting, he couldn’t stretch out far enough to yell for her to hear, then the counselor came over and told him to “write her a letter” (36) as the bus drove off. James quickly became intimidated and very fearful when he noticed the Black Panther standing next to his mommy. James clearly shows that he is scared for his mother’s safety and is now irritated that he was told to sit down and be quiet. It all started when Ruth, James mother, was mugged in chapter 4, by two black men who got hold of her and stole her purse while James was with her.
The city’s water resources being a river, ground water and a reservoir are prone to having hazardous pathogens harmful to anyone who consumes water from the plant. Chlorination in water treatment is a common practice which is used to disinfect water from disease, however, it is known that when microbes attach to or are within particles of water they are protected from chlorine treatments. An alternate solution to chlorine is chloramine. Chloramine is the addition of ammonia to the chlorine compound. Once chloramine becomes in contact with water it is known as monochloramine. According to Gerstein (pg 719. 1931) and Holwerda (pg 719.1928) the germicidal properties were less when ammonia in chloramine was present. Monochloramine lasts a lot longer in water than chlorine therefore protecting the water from disease for a longer period of time. The water supply network consists of numerous pipes that potentially carry disease in them.
It affects the sports club because it has a swimming pool, so the chlorine levels in the water are controlled well so that nobody can be harmed that is why the statutory law is there.
Some local and state governments have even enacted laws regarding backyard pools because of the numbe of children who have died or almost died by drowning in them. If you don't have a pool yet, and are
First, hand sanitizer is made up of key ingredients. There is an active ingredient, which is the ingredient that kills the germs. This is usually alcohol, but can be many other things like ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol or a combination of both. “Benzalkonium chloride is another FDA-approved active ingredient in some hand sanitizers. Although it is not an alcohol, benzalkonium chloride also works to kill bacteria and some viruses on the hands” (Jackie). Also, there are humectants added. Humectants are added to hand sanitizer to moisturize the skin. Glycerin and propylene glycol are humectants. They are commonly used in hand sanitizer. From the humicants holding water, they help prevent your skin from drying with frequent use of hand sanitizer because the active ingredients can dry out your skin. There are more ways of hand sanitizer moisturizing your skin. For example, “Isopropyl myristate is an emollient, which is a chemical that seals the skin surface and makes it smoother. It is made from a substance naturally found in nutmeg, coconut oil and some animal fats. Many hand contain isopropyl myristate and moisturizers, such as aloe vera and tocopherol acetate, or synthetic vitamin E” (Jackie). Carbomer and amniomethyl propanol are common ingredients used as binding agents. Emulsifiers keep other ingredients f...
Advocates of alkaline water believe that it can neutralize the acid in your bloodstream and help your body metabolize nutrients more effectively. The word “alkaline” in alkaline water refers to its pH level. Acidity is something that’s
Golf is a popular sport because it provides exercise, is a source of recreation in a natural environment, and cultivates business opportunities. As professional golfer Tom Watson once articulated, “No other game combines the wonder of nature with discipline of sport in such carefully planned ways,” (Coursing with capability, 2013, para. 1). Golf courses must take the responsibility of environmental stewardship seriously. They must employ responsible management practices to avoid harm as they plan, build, and operate on a daily basis. Environmental planning, wildlife and habitat management, water and energy conservation are fundamental strategies for creating and fostering a sustainable golf program, (Lupkes, 2017).
“Recreational water illnesses (RWIs) are caused by germs spread by swallowing, breathing in mists or aerosols of, or having contact with contaminated water in swimming pools, hot tubs, water parks, water play areas, interactive fountains, lakes, rivers, or oceans. RWIs can also be caused by chemicals in the water or chemicals that evaporate from the water and cause indoor air quality problems. RWIs may include a wide variety of infections, including gastrointestinal, skin, ear, respiratory, eye, neurologic and wound infections. Many RWIs (skin, ear, eye, respiratory, neurologic, wound, and other infections) are caused by germs that live naturally in the environment (for example, in water and soil)” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
Whether you're an adult or a child there are few things that are as important as pool safety. However, if you are a parent, then you know you would do just about anything to keep your children safe in and around the swimming pool. Therefore, we have gathered some pool safety tips and other important information regarding pool safety to help you become a more educated parent when it comes to the different ways to keep your children safe while they're in the swimming pool. This topic goes way beyond the obvious and should be reviewed even if your child is an avid swimmer. How Many Children Die Every Summer in Swimming Pool Accidents?
Many children cannot swim at a certain age and usually end up falling in or are unsupervised around public pools or beaches. There are major concerns with swimming in large crowds such as not being able to see the child underwater or if there are a series of large waves coming towards them. Besides the fact that the force of waves is