Binder viscosity was altered by changing temperature. The initial dispersion of the binder in the powder depends upon viscosity and shear rate applied. (Schaefer, 1996) Binder viscosity also controls the consolidation rate and hence subsequent growth via coalescence. (Ennis, et al., 1991). Results from Rough et al (2005) showed that increased temperature (lower viscosity), the regimes are reached faster because the binder is able to distribute more effectively in the mixture at a given shear rate which is in accordance with the work reported by Schaefer et al (1996). As LAS paste quantity was increased, mixing time required to form designated regimes decreased. Work done by Hibare (2012) showed that the peak modal granule diameter stays similar in both reactive and non-reactive high viscous binder systems which was said to be as a result of mixing time. Mort et al (2001) stated that the method of binder introduction/addition could influence the width of an agglomerate size distribution. A smaller binder droplet size can result in narrower size distribution. According to Schongut et al (2013), granule size distributions have a weak dependence on agitation rate (impeller speed) but a stronger dependence on the state of the binder. Schongut et al (2013) presented size distribution results at three different temperatures with the highest temperature having the narrowest size distribution. Research experiment work done by Schongut et al (2013) was carried out in a stirred glass reactor with a sodium carbonate powder bed and the binder (dodecyl-benzenesulphonic acid) injected into the bed. The powder bed was in stoichiometric excess and each powder bed was used for two kinetic experiments before discarded. Using the powder bed twice bef...
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...ticles pack closer together within the paste. Due to the viscosity and hence reduced flow of the binder through the interparticle spaces, the consolidation process is slowed down, effectively delaying any excessive ball growth. This research aims to investigate the granulation mechanisms involved in a high viscous detergent system in order to gain an understanding into how a high viscous binder is dispersed compared to a low viscous binder. This research would not be working with any low viscous binders and would be comparing research results with published work done on low viscous binder granulation systems. Most importantly, the research would focus on effects of process parameters such as binder injection point (literature on which has not been found) and granulation time as well as impeller speed and binder amounts (with considerably more literature published).
Phoeung T., Morfin Huber L. & Lafleur M., 2009. Cationic Detergent/Sterol Mixtures Can Form Fluid Lamellar Phase and Stable Unilamellar Vesicles. Langmuir, 10, 5778-5784.
After finding out that Xanthan Gum and Whey Protein Concentrate were combined in an emulsion that will not destabilize, it was tested at certain temperatures. When this emulsion was tested at 4℃, this emulsion stayed stable. At 12℃, it separated 2 mL. As the temperature got hotter, it separated quicker. At 50℃, it came apart 3 mL. After 15 minutes at 80℃, it had separated all 10 mL. With water at 4℃ the emulsion stayed together the longest.
is reached between the surfactant monomers at the interface and those in the bulk, surfactants
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
You have been asked to design an oral liquid formulation of ibuprofen for paediatric use.
Hydrocolloid dressings have been utilized in the midst of countless health care facilities due to the increasing number of decubitus ulcers. Decubitus ulcer, also commonly known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, is an exposed wound on your skin frequently occurring on the skin concealing bony areas. It is mutual among the elderly, people who devote prolonged periods of time in bed or a wheelchair, and individuals who cannot move particular body parts without assistance (Solan, 2014). Many diverse prevention dressings have been introduced across the years to diagnose pressure ulcers; this paper pursues to examine appropriate literature to evaluate and compare the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing in patients with decubitus ulcers.
Demulsification is defined as a process of breaking emulsions with intention to separate water from oil. This emulsion breaking is necessary in many practical applications as the petroleum industry and waste water treatment in environmental technology. The emulsion stability results from the presence of interfacial barrier preventing coalescence of the
The viscosity of pure liquids affects on temperature, pressure, density, and surface tension (Dutt et al, 2007). When the temperature drops the particles slow down and come closer together, the forces of attraction between them will increase and so make it harder for them to flow past each other. Thus, Dynamic viscosity of liquids increases with decreasing temperature (Binder et al, 2007).
About 1 gm. coarse powder was weighted and transferred to a 500 ml conical flask containing 100 ml of water. It was maintained at moderate boiling for 30 minute on water bath. It was cool and filtered in to a 100 ml volumetric flask. Volume was diluted by adding sufficient amount of water. The decoction was poured in test tube, and then shaken in a lengthwise motion for 15 seconds. They were allowed stand for 15 minutes and the height of foam was measured to determine the foaming index.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
For my film project, I will be exploring the film, Grease (Carr & Kleiser, 1978). This film is about an American teenage couple who fall in love over the summer, but unexpectedly reunite at high school. The girl, Sandy, must adapt to the social hierarchy of the public-school system since she is a new exchange student. Throughout the film, the couple tries to find their identity and test the social rules you find in high school romances, friends, and experiences. I chose this film because it is a classic movie, entertaining, and accurate representation of certain anthropological concepts. I think Grease (Carr & Kleiser, 1978) is a good movie to view from an anthropological perspective on many topics such as acculturation, ethnocentrism, and
== Refer to, Chemistry Lab #1 – What’s the substance? I didn’t change most materials when I did this experiment, but I added 4 materials, which are: * 5 test tubes * 2 stoppers * 1 large piece of paper And I deleted 1 material, which is: * Spatula Methods = == ==
Chemical reactions: Consultation/reference to literature should be considered as the use of well documented chemical reactions for the synthetic route will lead to higher yields and less impurities.
Slime, It was one of the most popular trends in 2017, It’s somewhat a trend now. What's so astonishing about slime? Well in my opinion i say that it's a stress reliever, fun to play with, the texture, noises that it makes, and the satisfaction of it. Slime can be fun to play with but can hurt you. What exactly is the definition of slime? According to the dictionary it says it’s “a moist, soft, and slippery substance.” I will be talking about the chemistry of slime. How did slime start to be a trend? Well visitors from Discovery Center were invited to become chemist by making their own slime. They all begin to add two chemical solution and mixing it together. They then made an outcome that was “slime-y.” They shared it with everyone and
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,