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Sexuality and sexual identity
Sexuality and sexual identity
Sexuality and sexual identity
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Title – Bisexual Erasure: Why is popular culture afraid of fluid sexuality? Introduction – Bisexual erasure or bisexual invisibility is the tendency to ignore, remove, falsify, or reexplain evidence of bisexuality in history, academia, news media and other primary sources. In its most extreme form, bisexual erasure can include denying that bisexuality exists. It is often a manifestation of biphobia, although it does not necessarily involve overt antagonism. According to scholar Kenji Yoshino, there are three main investments that motivate both self-identified homosexuals and heterosexuals to seek to culturally erase bisexuality. These motivations are firstly, sexual orientation stabilization. This relieves people of the anxiety of having …show more content…
The same has occurred even with people who identify themselves as bisexual. Examples include the abovementioned Robyn Ochs, a bisexual activist, who was publicly misidentified as a lesbian on the day of her wedding; Ani Di Franco, whose 1998 marriage to Andrew Gilchrist was portrayed in both gay and mainstream media as renouncing lesbianism even though she had been out as bisexual since the very beginning of her career; Cynthia Nixon, who faced public criticism in 2012 when an awkwardly-worded interview quote about her bisexuality led many to believe she was saying she had chosen to become a lesbian; Madonna, who has called herself bisexual in interviews and has frequently engaged in public acts of same-sex intimacy with other female celebrities, but is typically portrayed by media as a heterosexual woman who dabbles in lesbian imagery for pure shock value, with any possibility that she might be genuinely bisexual getting discounted entirely; and Lady Gaga, who has recently been labelled heterosexual by the media following her engagement to model Taylor Kinney – despite the hermaphrodite rumours that plagued her during the early years of her career – even though she has publicly identified as bisexual, among several …show more content…
The research aims not only to explain the concept of bisexual erasure, but also to understand its underlying causes and the implications of such an attitude on the larger bisexual community. The research specifically analyses the role of media in the portrayal and representation of those celebrities that identify themselves as bisexuals, and aims to bring out instances of misrepresentation or falsification of the same. The research also tries to determine the reasons for the unaccepting stance towards bisexuals by both the straight (heterosexual) and the queer (pertaining to alternate sexualities) factions of society. Ultimately, the research aims to bring greater clarity to the issue so as to help create a better understanding of the
For my interview portion of this response I interviewed a friend of mine named Nicole who is a bisexual. When I asked her about her fears of coming out her she said that her only fear was being seen as some kind of pervert or sexual predator.” I came out to my friends first, some were shocked but soon it just became something that people just knew and after awhile it became just as relevant as my hair color”. She also stated that after she came out to her friends some of those friends came out to her soon after. She admitted she was treated differently by people because of the discrimination bisexuals get by both hetrosexuals and homosexuals.“People tolerate bisexuals but they are not respected” She said that many people treated her as if she was confused or like she was only pretending to like girls because they believe that would attract men. She explained that most people tend to believe that bisexuality doesn’t exist.
Kidd expands on society’s sexual perspectives in mass media and illuminates the stress pushed towards the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population. He outlines sexuality as one of many influences on the ways we interpret the culture we consume. He supposes that popular culture has five major social roles: generating basic social norms, producing social boundaries, producing rituals that generate social solidarity, generating modernization, and generating social progress. He pays particular attention to Emilie Durkeim and connects his sociological
One of the most enabling definitions of bisexuality comes from a bisexual activist named Robyn Ochs. According her her, “bisexuality is the potential to be attracted – romantically and/or sexually – to people of more than one sex and/or gender, not necessarily at the same time, not necessarily in the same way, and not necessarily to the same degree” (Ochs). However, bisexuality did not always refer to sexual orientation. One of the first uses of the word ‘bisexual’ can be found in Psychopathia Sexualis, a late nineteenth-century forensic study authored by psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. The study was one among many which pathologized homosexuality. In this work, however, ‘bisexuality’ is used to describe what is now known as ‘intersexuality’ in which “a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male” (Eisner 14-15; What is Intersex?). Sigmund Freud’s idea of bisexuality more closely fits what we know as bisexuality today, however he regarded it as a primitive sexuality found in male children which would develop into heterosexuality or homosexuality later on (Eisner 15). Appropriately, one of the first people to refer to bisexuality as a normal, viable sexual orientation was Alfred Kinsey, himself a bisexual (Queen and Lawrence 1216). According to him, “the world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white” (Kinsey 639). Though as many as 1.8% of Americans identify as bisexual, many people continue to discriminate against them or assert that they do not exist (Gates). This kind of marginalization is known as biphobia. On the whole, the Wikipedia article for biphobia covers a variety of topics and presents goo...
This erasure often assumes that a person’s “true” sexual orientation is defined by their engagement with penis. As acknowledged in the discussion section, another show named “The L Word” encompassed biphobia as well, by labeling lesbians who have never slept with a man as “gold stars” (Discussion Section 303, 10/6). This implies that those who are not “gold stars” are not “true lesbians”, for if they were, the additional label would not exist in the first place.
Bisexuals are typically misunderstood, because they do not belong with the homosexual community or the straight community. They are commonly referred to as “fence sitters,” who are not invested in the interests of either community. In The Scientific Quest to Prove Bisexuality Exists, there was an example of a bisexual woman who felt that she could not even come out to the lesbian community at her college. The fact that one sexual orientation minority might actually fear another sexual minority based upon inaccurate stereotypes is a tragedy in the least. The stereotype that bisexual people are untrustworthy, and create a “wild card” of insecurity in a relationship has made them shunned by both gay and straight partners. Bisexuals are often not even taken seriously due to the assumption that they cannot maintain a monogamous relationship. In Bisexuality: The Psychology and Politics of an Invisible Minority, this stereotype was debunked
... so many lives are suppressed, depressed and carry the plague of a negative stigma. Suppressed feelings, self esteem, and personal sexual choice is hindered by the norms and expectations of our society.
In the 1990's there has been what is called a "normalized movement"(Warner 41). This so-called movement has permeated into all aspects of the Gay and Lesbian movement's agenda. It has become increasingly clear in the realms of the media such as television, movies and magazines. The major objective for the proponents of this movement is to make the homosexual seem "normal." This would be done by not focusing on the sexual nature of the homosexual. Since their sexual behavior is considered deviant by society, any outward expression of it will be looked down upon. So, it has been the goal of some leaders of the movement as well as those who control the media outlets to separate the identity and sexuality of the homosexual as far as possible.
The debate over homosexuality as nature or nurture dominates most topics about homosexuality. People often confuse the nature/nurture issue with the development of gay identity. In fact, the nature/nurture argument plays a small, insignificant role concerning gay youths (Walling 11). Homosexual identity is the view of the self as homosexual in association with romantic and sexual situations (Troiden 46) Many researchers have either discussed or created several models or theories concerning the development of homosexual identity. However, the most prominent is Troiden’s sociological four-stage model of homosexual identity formation. Dr. Richard R. Troiden desc...
Jonathan Katz talks about the initial creation of the term “heterosexuality” and how it was used to classify certain groups of people’s way of practicing sex. Along with the negative ideology the term reflected upon society. The author talks about the early definition of the term “heterosexuality”. Katz closely examines the different cultures and what sex meant to them prior to the term and over all labeling of “heterosexual” and what become of them after the fact. Katz illustrates the many faces of the term “heterosexual” starting with the early definition of the word, which was at the
The 1990s saw surge of gay characters in both television and movies. From Ellen Degeneres and her character Ellen Morgan coming out under much scrutiny on the TV show ‘Ellen,’ to Julia Roberts and Rupert Everett comedically playing off each other in the motion picture ‘My Best Friend’s Wedding.’ Sure, gays and lesbians have been around forever, especially in Hollywood. But never has there been a time to be more out. With the popularity of shows like Will and Grace, which feature leading gay characters, as well as Dawson’s Creek and it’s supporting character of teenager Jack McPhee, we are slowly seeing gay and lesbian characters creeping into the mainstream media.
An issue that has, in recent years, begun to increase in arguments, is the acceptability of homosexuality in society. Until recently, homosexuality was considered strictly taboo. If an individual was homosexual, it was considered a secret to be kept from all family, friends, and society. However, it seems that society has begun to accept this lifestyle by allowing same sex couples. The idea of coming out of the closet has moved to the head of homosexual individuals when it used to be the exception.
In order to discuss the biology of gender identity and sexual orientation, it is necessary to first examine the differences between multiple definitions that are often mistakenly interchanged: sex, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined by LeVay (2011) as “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction to people of the same sex as ourselves, to persons of the other sex, or to both sexes” (p. 1). The typical categories of sexual orientation are homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual. Vrangalova and Savin-Williams (2012) found that most people identify as heterosexual, but there are also groups of people that identify as mostly heterosexual and mostly gay within the three traditional categories (p. 89). This is to say that there are not three concrete groups, but sexual orientation is a continuum and one can even fluctuate on it over time. LeVay (2011) also defines gender as “the ...
Or perhaps a “phase”, as if your heart is as fickle as the moon. Some find comfort in being recognized as bi enough to have these labels and stereotypes assigned to them, as if it is a badge of honor to be called attention seeking instead of a death brand. For much of the media, the assumption of attraction is always black or white. For a woman to date a woman means she can only be a lesbian, and if she subsequently dates a man she has to be confused. As said by Amy Tan, “ Something enormous is always lost in translation. Something insidious seeps into the gaps.” (Tan 60). Bisexuals are also a large victim of erasure, including but not limited to the historical and societal erasure of famous persons, such as; Megan Fox, James Dean, Marilyn Monroe, Angelina Jolie, David Bowie, Lady Gaga, Janis Joplin, Amy Winehouse, Ke$ha, Billie Holiday, Sarah Paulson, Sia, Drew Barrymore, Freddie Mercury, Malcolm X, Fergie, Frank Ocean, Frida Kahlo, Miley Cyrus, Lindsey Lohan, Billie Joe Armstrong, and even ancient heroes such as Hercules, Julius Caesar, Horace, Alexander the Great, and Catullus. Famous American influence such as Oscar Wilde and Francis Bacon are also known Bisexuals (bi.org). The mainstream media likes to label people as straight or gay and this dates back all the way to ancient greece, where poets such as, Sappho's was labeled as a lesbian when in fact she was bisexual and wrote poetry about both men and women. Or the Greek God Apollo who was recorded as loving both men such as Hyacinthus, who was fought over by the god Apollo and the west wind Zephyros, resulting in his death and subsequent transformation into a flower, and the Nymph Daphne, who was cursed to hate Apollo while he loved her, resulting in her being turned into an ancient tree and subsequently a divine spot of worship to the ancient greeks (theoi.comGreek Epic C8th -
The sexual orientation of a person has been a critical debate over the past several centuries. For several...
When one hears the words “LGBT” and “Homosexuality” it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problem lies within society itself, and often enough that may be the case. Society holds preconceptions and prejudice of the LGBT community, though not always due to actual hatred of the LGBT community, but rather through lack of knowledge and poor media portrayal.