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Importance of biometrics
Advantages of biometrics
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Biometrics: Hand and Fingerprints
Abstract: Biometrics is research that is needed in all areas of life. Biometrics involves using the different parts of the body, such as the fingerprint or the iris, as a password or another form of identification. This is said to be the security of the future. Think about all of the situations that we face in life that will either destroy you or help scientific matter. Currently, fingerprints are used to identify criminals for crime scene. Biometrics is being used more by the public. The fingerprint and hand is a unique map that each individual has. In this paper I will explain to you about fingerprint and hand biometrics.
Introduction
Biometrics is a science. It is a science that measures individuals¡¦ physical characteristic properties that are unique. With world changing of every second of everyday; human beings is still the cause of security breaching. On just about every website you need a password or pin number. Passwords and ID cards have been used to control access to restricted systems. However, security can be easily breached in these systems when a password is disclosed to an unauthorized user or a card is stolen by an impostor. We as humans forget password and pin numbers because we have so much to protect and access. Furthermore, simple passwords are easy to guess and difficult passwords may be hard to remember. The coming out of biometrics has addressed the problems that occur in traditional verification methods. Biometrics in this case would be best. With biometrics it¡¦s uniqueness of physical characteristics can never be lost, stolen, shared or forgotten.
For biometrics authentication, there are some requirements that are needed:
ª Uniqueness- one of a kind
ª Universality- present or occurring in everyone
ª Permanence- the state of being permanent
ª Measurability- being measurable
ª User friendliness- clear and simple to measure
There are three basic factors that are used for authentication:
ª Something you know - a shared secret, a password, something both the use and the authenticator know.
ª Something you have - a physical ID (e.g., an identification card)
ª Something you are ¡V a measurable feature (e.g., fingerprint, facial characteristics, voiceprint). The measuring of a physical characteristic is called biometrics.
Identification vs. Verification
There are two primary uses for biometrics and that is identification and verification. Both are different. Identification is the process of determining the person¡¦s identity from the system of the biometric template.
When it comes to identical twins we have come to learn that twin identical or not will not have the same fingerprint. Fingerprints are unique and are made to identify a person. So even when you clone humans or other primates I believe that the Friction ridge pattern will be similar but not exactly the same. I believe that in the process of the cloning process something will cause the fingerprints to come out different. Because cloning is dangerous there has yet to be a human cloning, but there have been cloning of monkeys and according to the data even though the monkey was cloned the fingerprint still isn’t the same.
Who am I? What defines a person or an object? What is an identity card? Merriam-Webster defines identity as "a distinguishing character or personality of an individual" ("Identity"). Nationality, family, gender, socioeconomic status, accomplishments, downfalls, personality, and physical appearance are qualities that characterize Americans.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
It is easy to think of biometrics as the future science technology are always happened in some fictions, associated with solar car and clones together. In fact, it has long history that people understood the basic principle and application of the biometric. Thousands of years ago, the people of the Nile basin used the biometric in everyday transactions (such as scarring, skin tone, eye color, height, etc.) for identification. Of course, they had no any automatic electronic identification system, or computer network, but the principle is similar.
Physical aspects play an immense role in distinguishing one person from another. Distinction is the difference and contrast between people and along physical aspects identity is also a key factor of human distinction. Identity is what, or who the person is and this is established at birth. True identity is a lot more than just who you are it is a creation of experiences, accomplishments, and actions. This is evident in Capote’s novel In Cold Blood, Alexie Superman and Me, and The New Yorker Help for Sex Offenders.
Forensic genetics has other applications . The " fingerprint " DNA represents a valuable tool for forensic science . As is the case with an ordinary fingerprint genetic fingerprint is unique to each individual (except identical twins ) . The determination involves the observation of specific DNA sequences which can be obtained from extremely small tissue samples , hair, blood or eventually left at the scene . As Fifty microliters of blood, semen or five microliters of ten roots of hairs are enough , and nozzles secretions and cells from the fetus . In addition to its use in the capture of criminals , especially rapists , the genetic fingerprints can be used to establish family relationships . People involved in the conservation of species use them to be sure that captive breeding is among individuals who do not belong to the same family .
Biometrics is, “the automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity (biometricgroup.com, 2014).”16 The purpose of the paper is to provide information about different forms of Biometrics. With the ever increasing threat of terrorism at home and abroad, biometrics is emerging as a way to increase security across the world. It is important to point out current issues dealing with Biometrics and how they relate to people that may one day have to use them.
Physical features are the traits that you can see at first glance. They are your eyes, nose, ears, mouth and more. These body parts are influenced and molded by generations of DNA that has passed down from one individual to another. Therefore, resemblances with your parents are noticeable. Consequently a person’s humor, dreams, and interests are different story. These things are the bases on what make each and every one of us unique. In the studies of psychology, people debate whether these traits are influences by your DNA or that it is absorbed by your experiences throughout life (Sincero). Psychologists call this the Nature vs Nurture (Sincero). Each Argument has made valid and accurate points that make it difficult to decide (Sincero).
Fingerprints analysts job may require them in the field or in the lab or a combination of both that uses a number of technologies as to recover fingerprint samples and then relate them with fingerprint databases. Fingerprint analysts can be called upon to the process different type of fingerprints sample that can make it easy to notice the prints when using different photographic and computer equipment that can prove the identification of latent prints to known impressions. As well fingerprints analyst has to sometime prepare detailed report that show what tests they have carried out and what the results are and then they preserve fingerprint samples for lab analysis and upload fingerprint images into the national databases for comparison where the examiner decides if the prints are from the same source or different which then go to another fingerprints examiner that calls the final decide and evaluates the prints for any final
Preview of main points: Now I am going to take you through the process of identifying, collecting and analyzing fingerprints.
By definition, “biometrics” (Woodward, Orlans, and Higgins, 2003) is the science of using biological properties to identify individuals; for example, fingerprints, retina scans, and voice recognition. We’ve all seen in the movies, how the heroes and the villains have used other’s fingerprints and voice patterns to get into the super, secret vault. While these ideas were fantasy many years ago, today biometrics are being used and you may not even know it.
Authentication: The process of proving one's identity. (The primary forms of host-to-host authentication on the Internet today are name-based or address-based, both of which are notoriously weak.)
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
The purpose of biometrics is to identify a person based on the measure of his anatomical and physiological characteristics. This concept is not new, its history dates back to 14th century when Chinese used footprints to identify newborns and divorce records. In the 1880s, Henry Faulds, William Herschel and Francis Galton were the first who conceived the idea of using biometric identification to guaranty the security in civil areas, like using footprints for criminal identification and fingerprinting t...
Rayne, PB, Kulkarni, P, Patil, S & Meshram, BB 2012, ‘Authentication and Authorization:Tool for Ecommerce Security’, Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 150-157.