CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
I.1 Background of the Study
Building a bilateral relation with another state always becomes very needed and important to a state to enhance its foreign relations. It also applies to Indonesia as one of the most populous countries in the world with the third largest democracy in the world. As one of the example, the bilateral relation between Indonesia and Australia. Indonesia has been shared a strong bilateral relation with Australia since a very long time ago. Indonesia and Australia have a relationship that is interesting to be reviewed, because they have a lot of differences instead of they have known as neighbor countries. These differences could be in the sector of politics, religions, culture, history, and many
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These phenomena can be seen as the shifting trends in the international politics, and we also cannot deny the important roles of non-state actors in doing diplomacy in the international politics. Sub-nation or regional governments – including provinces, districts, and cities – can also be included as non-state actors, where they can transform diplomatic activities and doing a policy decision making process. The sub-nation governments also play important roles in international relations, which they perform really active in some different ways including doing trade and cultural missions abroad, signing agreements and treaties with other non-state actors and foreign states, participating in international networks of the regional cooperation and more (Kuznetsov, 2015, p. 3). These phenomena of sub-nation or regional governments as non-state actors can be called as Paradiplomacy. As mentioned by Rodrigo Tavares, nowadays the states and cities are the new international actors and the sub-nation entities can be seen as a space where the capital, people, goods, services, and information crisscross and solidify (Tavares, 2016, p. 3). Tavares also stated that nowadays some mayors and governors have exercising economic and political power at their level because they are aware of …show more content…
The Sister Province relationship between East Java and Western Australia until the year of 2017 has been running for 27 years, which this agreement was originally signed in 21 August 1990 (Davis, 2010). East Java is considered as the right partner of Sister Province cooperation by Western Australia. In one side, East Java, as the second most populous province in Indonesia with the area of 47,963 km2 and as the most developed provinces in Indonesia (International Labour Office, 2013, p. 1), is seen as a potential partner by Western Australia in doing Sister Province relations in order to develop the human resources, enhance the goods and services exchanges, and also enhance the exchanges in education, cultures, and many more. On the other side, East Java sees Western
After evaluating the above factors, it is clear that the partnership between Australia and Japan is of significant importance to both countries. With reference to the Centre for Study of Australian-Asian Relations (1997:152) the future prosperity of Australia will to an increasing extent, be dependent on that of her neighbours in the Asia-Pacific area. Currently the Australia-Japan relationship could be described as “comfortable and relaxed”. However both Australia and Japan need to be alert to the changing environment and must ensure that the right frameworks and policy settings are in place in order for the two countries to prosper.
MacDermott, D. (1993). As we see you. In D. Grant & G. Seal (Eds.), Australia in the world (pp. 86-91). Perth: Black Swan Press
The study of the geopolitics around the globe and over time is a complex task. Numerous factors influence the causal chain of events that determine the course of a state’s history. Geography in its broadest sense limits the ability of a state to become a superpower, but it also allows certain states to thrive with relative ease compared to lesser developed countries. Location, terrain, technology, and demographics work in conjunction to affect the power of certain states, and it is through the effective use of these elements states attempt to raise or maintain their power. It is the fundamental goal of states to seek relative power over other states and regions, and states will act in ways they believe will maintain or increase their power. However, whiles sometimes states may act irrationally or in ways contrary to their own best interest, ultimately what is fundamental to the actions of a state is the belief that their actions will maintain or increase the state’s power.
In no field other than politics does the justification for action often come from a noteworthy event and the true cause stays hidden behind the headlines. The United States’ transformation from a new state to a global superpower has been a methodical journey molded by international conditions (the global terrain for statecraft), the role of institutions and their programmed actions, and ultimately, the interests of actors (the protection of participants in making policy’s items and i...
The article by Ann Capling exemplifies Australia’s policy and process of engagement with Asia in the past two decades. Through the use of newspaper article, government speech and scholarly works, Capling highlights the neoliberalism of two political parties and their approaches to improve Australia’s economic, social, security and political levels.
In his 1959 study, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, the well-known historian William Appleton Williams wrote, that in spite of its best intentions, American foreign policy was based on a one-dimensional American belief that Americans and the American government had all the answers to their problems. I strongly agree, for the most part, with that statement. The only aspect of American foreign policy that I disagreement is the firmness in which our government stands true to their decisions and re often inflexible enough to change them. The administrators in charge of our government dating back to the 19th century have always been too inflexible to tweak their application on foreign policy in the least bit. It has made way to a century of failure in foreign relations. America began building up its outdated navy ships in the early 1880's in preparation for what would be an American attempt at expansion. They wanted to become the premiere naval world power. They were already being acknowledged as whole of the great world strengths by other powerful countries. It didn't take long, by 1900; the U.S. began flexing its muscles. The Caribbean and Pacific Islands became a national interest. A classic example of which started the poor American foreign policy was in 1891 in Chile. Secretary of State James G. Blaine became involved in a border dispute between Mexico and Guatemala, tried settling a war between Peru, Bolivia and Chile. Chile held a riot against American troops. Blaine threatened Chile with war, and they were forced to apologize to America and pay an indemnity of $75,000. This established America as a world power, but also tarnished their role in foreign policy before it even got off the ground. Many more incidents like this occurred after the event with Chile, the biggest being the pursuit of the Panama Canal. America continued moving into to foreign land, and when problems arose, America began implementing an American model of government in these areas, believing that was the only way to solve the problems.
Knight, Nick, and Michael Heazle. 2011. Understanding Australia's Neighbours: An Introduction to East and Southeast Asia. New York: Cambridge Univerity Press.
This essay will describe the characteristics of the modern nation-state, explain how the United States fits the criteria of and functions as a modern nation-state, discuss the European Union as a transnational entity, analyze how nation-states and transnational entities engage on foreign policy to achieve their interests, and the consequences of this interaction for international politics.
Indonesia is a country in south-east Asia. It has the world’s highest population of Muslims and is the world’s 4th most populous country. Its capital is Jakarta. Having its world rank at 18th by economy, 15th largest in purchasing parity respectively, thus becoming a slowly progressive country.
“The process of globalization and the increasing role of non-state actors in global governance are undermining the role of the state as the principal actor in global policymaking.”
The international system is an anarchical system which means that, unlike the states, there is no over ruling, governing body that enforces laws and regulations that all states must abide by. The International System in today’s society has become highly influential from a number of significant factors. Some of these factors that will be discussed are Power held by the state, major Wars that have been fought out in recent history and international organisations such as the U.N, NATO and the W.T.O. Each of these factors, have a great influence over the international system and as a result, the states abilities to “freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development”.
Heydon Ken The rise of bilateralism: implications for ASEAN, and beyond [Online] // East Asia Forum. - feb 1, 2010. - Mar 28, 2011. - http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2010/02/01/the-rise-of-bilateralism-implications-for-asean-and-beyond/.
The study of international relations takes a wide range of theoretical approaches. Some emerge from within the discipline itself others have been imported, in whole or in part, from disciplines such as economics or sociology. Indeed, few social scientific theories have not been applied to the study of relations amongst nations. Many theories of international relations are internally and externally contested, and few scholars believe only in one or another. In spite of this diversity, several major schools of thought are discernable, differentiated principally by the variables they emphasize on military power, material interests, or ideological beliefs. International Relations thinking have evolved in stages that are marked by specific debates between groups of scholars. The first major debate is between utopian liberalism and realism, the second debate is on method, between traditional approaches and behavioralism. The third debate is between neorealism/neoliberalism and neo-Marxism, and an emerging fourth debate is between established traditions and post-positivist alternatives (Jackson, 2007).
While some may argue that a state-centric international system is apt for non-state actors, since to attain a foreseeable future, they need to comprehend the state system and how to operate within it. This structure is weakening as non-state actors are increasing their influence in conflicts and challenging the international order founded upon the power of states. The openness of commercial markets and the weakening territorial sovereignty has limited the state’s monopoly of power asserted by structural realists. In Structural Realism After the Cold War, Kenneth Waltz alleges that, “If the conditions that a theory contemplated have changed, the theory no longer applies.” Theories and traditions in international relations must become more comprehensive if society intends to tackle the conflicts of the 21st century more effectively in the future.
Globalization has effect the role of the state immensely; as the process of present’s challenges to state sovereignty and autonomy. In spite of borders becoming more ill-defined and fluid in as a result of the process of globalization (Weiss 2000, 2-3). The state will remain relevant and necessary because citizens need a place to cast their votes, taxes have to be paid to particular authorities, which can be held accountable for pub...