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Benefits of electronic communication
Benefits of electronic communication
Positive effects of electronic communication
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The recent popularity of camera equipped mobile phones have sparked anew field of use for machine-readable 2D bar codes. A code can be printed one everyday items and be interacted with using a camera phone. The interactions initiated by scanning the 2D bar code with the phone's camera. And the reaction can be anything from simply retrieving information to triggering some action. Because of the low cost of printing 2D bar codes, there many possible applications that could be based on this. One such application is examined in this thesis and aims to improve the usefulness of normal cash register receipts. The idea is to print a 2D bar code on receipts that contains the purchase information in digital form. This is assumed to help customers with managing their receipts or with more detailed book-keeping. This assumption is evaluated by developing a prototype implementation of a receipt reader. This prototype is based on two Java libraries for decoding Data Matrix and Quick Response codes. The main conclusion from this evaluation is that the libraries used were able to store an estimate of 42 purchase items in a 2D bar code. There are tradeoffs that can be implemented to increase the capacity when needed which helps to make the assumption valid. In the age of technological advancement and speed in the communications, the word "power" and "information" walk side by side. The organizations from various sectors such as productive, trade or services and their affiliated institutions have already realized that focusing only on their own interest is not very intelligent. It is not good enough in this competitive Internationalized Corporation. A companies' effort will be of no use if there is not a powerful nation with buying power to purchase its products and services in an efficient manner. Similarly, if that company is not able to comply with all the requirements or is not capable to implement the new technology, then its future can be in jeopardy. GS1(former EAN.UCC) organizations with the EPC global network are aimed at the quality enhancement, to the efficiency of supply chain and to the formation of professionals, such as Healthcare Centers and Automotive Industry with this newly born technology called EPC/RFID (Electronic Product Code/Radio Frequency Identification).At the moment, training of professional and related activities of EPC/RFID with the emphasis on the development of educational and training of this new Automatic Identification System is happening. By
The Black Codes were legal statutes and constitutional amendments enacted by the ex Confederate states following the Civil War that sought to restrict the liberties of newly free slaves, to ensure a supply of inexpensive agricultural labor, and maintain a white dominated hierachy. (paragraph 1) In southern states, prior to the Civil War they enacted Slave Codes to regulate the institution of slavery. And northern non-slave holding states enacted laws to limit the black political power and social mobility. (paragraph 2) Black Codes were adopted after the Civil War and borrowed points from the antebellum slave laws as well as laws in the northern states used to regulate free blacks. (paragraph 3) Eventually, the Black Codes were extinguished when Radical Republican Reconstruction efforts began in 1866-67 along with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights legislation. The lives of the Black Codes did not have longevity but were significant. (paragraph 3)
The precedence of RFID is that it does not require direct contact or line-of-sight scanning. An RFID system consists of three components: an antenna and transceiver (often combined into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). The antenna uses radio frequency waves to transmit a signal that activates the transponder. When activated, the tag transmits data back to the antenna. The data is used to notify a programmable logic controller that an action should occur. The action could be as simple as raising an access gate or as complicated as interfacing with a database to carry out a monetary transaction. Low-frequency RFID systems (30 KHz to 500 KHz) have short transmission ranges (generally less than six feet). High-frequency RFID systems (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz) offer longer transmission ranges (more than 90 feet). In general, the higher the frequency, the more expensive the system. RFID is sometimes called dedicated short range communication (DSRC).
...radio frequency identification has been around more than 50 years and it has only recently received its well-needed attention. Radio frequency identification is a technology using radio waves to find and monitor objects, including goods and services in the supply chains. Walmart put RFID on the map by using it in their stores, vehicles and supply chain. RFID technology is only going to improve safety, convenience, and inventory management but widespread adoption in retail operations could take several years. The healthcare sector has already started to adopt RFID into their day-to-day work system. They are able to use the RFID method in many different areas to save time, money and more importantly waste. Barcodes and RFID work smoothly together as of right now but more companies and organizations will start to use RFID tags once cheap disposable tags are developed.
Although there are many technologies in tracking, for this research I will be discussing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Universal Product Code. There are major differences and comparisons between these two technologies which define both. Though both of these technologies are widely used within numerous industries, they are used differently since they are so different. For example, the government (United States Postal System), military, private companies (such as Wal-Mart, Target and other companies), the healthcare system, and other industries all use these types of tracking technologies. Though some industries specifically use just one technology or though many use both. In my research, I will define both technologies, discuss the history, how they are used and what the future is of both products.
A barcode is a visual representation of data that is checked and utilized for data. Bar code is simple to control equipment and tool inventory. In facilities supervisors can use barcodes to link work orders, purchase orders, spare parts and equipment which can be further used to track and collect cost. In barcodes historical data can be used to predict the seasonal fluctuation accurately. Barcodes are printed specifically on the paper or a plastic object, therefore actualizing a standardized identification framework is far less expensive than the RFID innovation.
And the bank need to change the appearance of credit card, they can use chip instead of holograms for increasing security of credit card. Because the chip card is able to identify customer’s personal information through the chip when this card pit in the payment device. On the other hand, the bank need to make some relevant educated guidance to customers (Balan and Popescu 2011), it can help them to safely use their credit cards. Furthermore, the bank staff have the responsibility to check the ATM whether has matters or not on time. Finally, if a customer lost or stolen their credit card, first they need to call the bank for freezing their account. The key is that customers should open message’s verification function when they cost or withdraw much money through credit card. These reasonable measures are able to help customers protect their credit card securities. But these measures also have more difficulties on some actions, for example, enacting law is not an easy thing. There need to make more efforts on many aspects. And for customers, relevant educated guidance on credit card which has being added to new functions on their phone are not available ways, possibly, because some people are not able to make any changes and then the bank do not force them to
RFID helps reducing inventory by tracking the products from its manufacturing point through supplier and the destined hanger. Reducing inventory cuts down the cost in the aspects of storage, labor cost, and shipping cost.
From PayPal to Debit cards, from EFT to Credit cards, this modern world has been inundated with new ways of making business transactions. Instead of the conventional use of dollars and nickels, now there are electronic payment systems. These types of systems allow for better trust and acceptance between consumer and businesses. In the traditional way of buying a product, one would see a product in person, and pay for it with cash or credit. In e-commerce, the business uploads images of its products online and it enables its customers to shop it using any type of electronic payment system.
Barcodes are used everywhere around us. They are used to track products through shipment, track products at a store and speed up and enhance the checkout process, as well as allowing faster access to information. Barcodes began to be used heavily in the 1970’s. This began a great movement in the consumer industry, speeding up the checkout process and allowing easier inventory tracking. However, just like all technologies, barcodes have been enhanced many times over and are being replaced by better, more efficient systems (Bonsor).
Banking cards offer consumers more security, convenience, and control than any other payment method. The wide variety of cards available – including credit, debit and prepaid – offers enormous flexibility, as well. These cards provide 2 factor authentication for secure payments e.g secure PIN and OTP. RuPay, Visa, MasterCard are some of the example of card payment systems. Payment cards give people the power to purchase items in stores, on the Internet, through mail-order catalogues and over the telephone. They save both customers and merchants’ time and money, and thus enable them for ease of transaction.
The checkouts used in modern supermarket chains are all capable of EFT and are therefore all considered EFTPOS. In the next few years checkouts or ‘tills’ in all retail shops will use the ICC Barcodes The goods found in supermarkets are labelled with barcodes used to identify specific items on a central database. When the good is scanned a request is sent from the checkout to this main database where the request is handled and the appropriate information returned to that terminal and the correct amount reduced from the stock of that item. The bar codes are formed of lines of different widths and as each line represents a number the resulting code is the information sent to the main computer.
Computer technology has had a significant impact on retail stores. All but the smallest shops have replaced the old-fashioned cash register with a terminal linked to a computer system. The terminal may require that the clerk type in the code for the item; but more and more frequently the checkout counter include a bar-code scanner, a device that directly reads into the computer the UPC printed on each package.
E-Commerce is a type of industry where the buying and selling of products or services is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. It also includes ‘M-commerce’ which makes use of various mobile devices or smart phones. It means "the delivery of e-commerce capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via wireless technology.” The various services available on M-Commerce are Mobile Money Transfer, Mobile ATM, Mobile ticketing, Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards, News, Stock Quotes, shopping apps, Mobile brokerage etc. Launching of Google Wallet Mobile App is one of the recent developments.
Nowadays with the implementation of new emerging technologies, the way businesses keep this financial information has become computerised. At the moment businesses use computers with a computerised accounting system in order to perform many other new activities than what they were able to do in the past. Businesses can access financial information from different department in the organisation, access to the information through computers and find financial data very fast, being more efficient. (Beliss, 2013)
This paper will discuss how the Smart Card has evolved and changed the way independent consumers and companies have implemented smart card usage into their daily activities. Additionally, it will compare the advantages and disadvantages. Case in point, a Smart Card can be used to allow people to gain entry into their work place, a gated community or pay for merchandise without using cash.