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Social norms in the 60s
Racism in literature
Social norms in the 60s
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One might anticipate a broad range of diverse notions upon entering the small town of Maycomb, Alabama in the mid sixty’s. Racism, gossips, a town freak. All of these impressions have one thing in common, stereotypes. “We are a tribal people, we Americans, in spite of our national motto: E pluribus Unum (i.e. “Out of many, One”). We are subdivided by race, class, culture, religion, education, physical and mental health, and so much more” (Hobbs 1). Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird establishes a theme that exemplifies stereotypes; through the values/hardships of her characters, Lee exposes the tragedy caused by stereotyping. Lee forms this theme into one that was perceptible in diversified ways. Throughout the novel there are several stereotypes …show more content…
Atticus experiences hate from fellow towns people all because he is the lawyer for the Robinson trial. Atticus stands up to a lynch mob when they threated him to get out of the way of the jail, because they were planning to serve their own justice to Tom before the trial. Even though Atticus is doing the right thing, and standing up against injustice, he is still hated and put in danger by many, even some former friends became a threat. The older, more racist folks of the community particularly did not approve of Atticus and the way he supported race equality. One of the Finch’s neighbors, Mrs. Dubose, a mean old women, would yell at the children about Atticus and call him names. This made Jem very upset when his father was insulted like this, but the hatred often did not bother Atticus and his gentle nature (Crow 5). There is a lot of filth that comes from this old woman’s mouth about Atticus, but never once does he let it get him down. In fact, he felt sorry for Mrs. Dubose, as he did for most people like this. Some claim that because Atticus is working for “niggers” so he must be like them. Atticus is called a nigger lover on more than one occasion throughout the story, and people also accuse Atticus of hating whites, more specifically, Bob Ewell just because he is defending the …show more content…
Scout is only six years of age when the story commences and women already are giving her a rigid time about her tomboy nature and overalls. Mrs. Dubose, the Finch’s neighbor, says, .... “what are you doing in those overalls? You should be in a dress and camisole, young lady! You’ll grow up waiting on tables if somebody doesn’t change your ways” (Lee 135). Just because Scout dresses and acts like a tomboy, she is judged and stereotyped as not lady like. Even Scout’s older brother Jem starts to get on to Scout for not acting like a lady. He tells her she needs to start being a girl and acting right (Lee 115). This image hurts Scout, as they grow older the siblings grow apart. Jem is developing up into a young man and thinks it is time for Scout to start acting lady like. This is hard for Scout to grasp and understand. Lastly, Scout begins to realize her own stereotype throughout the novel as she learns and matures, and begins to regret her ways. Scout starts to change the way she acts in order to get rid of this “label” people have given her. Even though it is hard at times because she is still a tomboy at heart, she learns to keep a grip on her actions and become more lady like (Mendenhall 8). It is slightly disheartening that Scout is almost forced into growing up and putting the overalls aside in order to please society at such a young age. But everyone must grow up at
Throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, we are presented with various representations of stereotypes involving numerous characters of all ages. Due to specific encounters, we are faced with repeated stereotypical situations. For example, Walter Cunningham is a poor, misunderstood boy who comes from an underestimated family name. Along with the main character Scout, who narrates the story from a young age and finds herself constantly reminded to be the lady she is not. In like manner, Tom Robinson is familiar with the ways of Maycomb, Alabama who easily loses hope with his case of an alleged rape. Walter, Scout and Tom all validate as victims of stereotyping, but from the goodwill within and taking the time to understand someone beforehand,
The characters of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird are all different in their own way. Sometimes they can seem like the most infuriating people in the world, but then again they can be helpful, loving, and caring. The citizens of Maycomb County are stereotyped a lot throughout the book. They are labeled as many different things, but some of the stereotypes made aren’t entirely correct. A lot of people in To Kill a Mockingbird stereotype others by the way they look or talk based on what society considers normal. Two of the main characters in the book are stereotyped; Scout and Atticus Finch.
It is acknowledged by many readers that there are many different social classes in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ written by Harper Lee and published in 1960. One of the most obvious social class distinctions is between skin colors, which can be seen through this novel. Since most readers’ focal point of this novel is on the distinctions between skin colors, they are unlikely to pay attention to the difference in social class within the white community. Lee wants to illustrate a contrast in white society and how characters behave differently through the uses of character foil, characterization, and the theme of society inequality in order to emphasize the differences in social classes.
Even though many social forces impact Scout in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, gender impacts Scout the greatest. It affects her in how other people treat her. Unexpectedly, Aunt Alexandra shows up at the Finch household, and Scout asks why she had just shown up. Aunt Alexandra replies, “We decided that it would be good for you to have some feminine influence. It won’t be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in clothes and boys” (127). After Alexandra says this, Scout becomes puzzled because she does not think she needs a “feminine influence”. But, as she becomes older she is expected to act more lady like. Since she is a girl, she is expected to act prim and proper. Her being raised around men is acting against these stereotypes. Certainly, it is obvious that boys are more daring than girls. So while Jem and Dill want to get a sneak peak inside of Boo Radley’s house, Scout gets a little apprehensive. Jem shouts out, “Scout I’m telling you for the last time shut your trap or go home. I declare to the lord you’re getting more like a girl every day,” (51-52). After Jem said this, she decides she has no option but to join them. She does...
While the women in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird come in a variety of personalities and backgrounds, all of their lives are led by one constricting factor; their gender. Scout's upbringing as a young woman greatly contrasts that of her brother Jem. Jem is educated as a young boy growing into a man while Scout’s journey is taken as a woman. The manacle of womanhood is but a concept if one does not consider the harsh faults and inhibiting limits of men or rather the struggle for “masculinity” that men are similarly constrained. Though she is repeatedly told to have ladylike manners and to dress in more feminine way, Scout mostly denies this norm but is still able to become a young
Throughout the time approaching the trial, Atticus is commonly called a, “N****r Lover.” Mrs. Dubose even says, “Yes indeed, what has this world come to when a Finch goes against his raising? I'll tell you! Your father's no better than the n****rs and trash he works for” (Lee 135). This quote shows the strong hatred that the citizens have toward the Negroes and anyone who supports them. They have this strong hatred for the Negroes for no real reason other than their skin color. Scout realizes what is going on with the racist remarks and cruel comments, but can not understand how one human could be so mean to another. However, the evils related to race are not the only evils that Scout experiences during the
Growing up in a prejudiced environment can cause individuals to develop biased views in regard to both gender and class. This is true in Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, where such prejudices are prevalent in the way of life of 1930s Maycomb, Alabama. The novel is centered around the trial of a black man who is accused of raping a white woman. The narrator, a young girl named Scout, is able to get a close up view of the trial because her father is defending Tom Robinson, the defendant. The aura of the town divided by the trial reveals certain people’s prejudices to Scout, giving her a better perspective of her world.
The novel To Kill A MockingBird is primarily based on the problems associated with prejudice and cultural bias during the 30’s. These themes that are explored by Harper Lee allow’s a greater approach to referencing belonging and most of
“They’d been sewed up. Not like a lady sewed ’em, like somethin’ I’d try to do. All crooked” (Lee 58). The book To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee has many different stereotypes that play into it. A stereotype, by Merriam-Webster definition is “an often unfair and untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic.” To Kill a Mockingbird is about three children named Scout, Jem, and Dill and is set during the Great Depression. Theses children are best friends and throughout the book they try to see a mysterious character named Boo Radley. He has many mysteries about himself that are constantly told by Maycomb’s adults. Atticus Finch, Scout and Jem’s daughter, has to defend a black man
In addition, Tom Robinson is a black man who was accused of raping 19 year old Mayella Ewell. Atticus Finch bravely and courageously took on the case even though he got the idea that it would take a miracle to win. By taking on the Tom Robinson case, it proved that Atticus was not a follower which separated himself from the rest of the town. During the trial, Atticus says, “Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal.” (Lee 274). Atticus is referring to his beliefs and how they are legitimate. He stands up for righteousness and justice rather than the majority. Additionally, Atticus believes that violence is not the appropriate answer. He wants his children to keep their fists down and heads up in every situation they encounter. In other words, the event with Mrs. Dubose was very meaningful. Mrs. Dubose is an old lady who lives two doors up the street from the Finch 's house. Atticus ' son, Jem destroyed Mrs. Dubose 's flowers because she had said disrespectful things about Atticus which brought out Jem 's anger. Even though Atticus was very upset, he does not believe violence is the appropriate
Many students believe that Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird displays social issues in early America. In this time standing against common customs was unacceptable, a violation of society. People believe that today courage has overcome adversity that was displayed in early America. Courage is the common subject of To Kill a Mockingbird, which allows Lee’s novel to defy the changing times of humanity. These morals are bound to the “impartiality” and “fairness” taught to people as children, but become unavoidably invisible though selfish actions. The characters in To Kill a Mockingbird express audacity along with resilience in the face of cowardice.
The character, Atticus Finch, found within the famous novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, and its slightly less famous successor, Go Set A Watchman, plays the same role as a father and a lawyer in Maycomb County. While his roles in the books are overall the same, many argue that Atticus himself is different between the two books, particularly his views on negroes and slavery. Within To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is very accepting of negroes, treats them as though they are family, and even goes out of his way to help them. But within Go Set A Watchman, Finch loses some of these qualities that portray him as a kind, accepting member of society. Though he is deemed as having lost some of these qualities, the reader has to determine whether he
In conclusion, To Kill a Mockingbird is a book about growing up and taking other people into consideration. Scout Finch is the main example of this. She starts the novel as a naive, ill mannered, tomboy. By the last page, Scout has transformed into an understanding, empathetic, polite, young lady. There is not a specific age where a girl turns into a woman or where a boy turns into a man. Maturity is reached through experiences and how they are handled.
Scout Finch is not the stereotypical girl from the 1930’s. Agents the wishes of everyone around her, she grows up in overalls instead of dresses. Scout plays in the dirt and sand, instead of in the kitchen. In the novel To Kill a Mocking Bird, by Harper Lee, Scout is the wild spirited narrator, growing up in the small town of Maycomb. As she gets older, she learns mostly from her father Atticus how to interact with people. Scout learns to show dignity and respect to everyone, under any circumstances.
In summation, Harper Lee uses the symbol of a mockingbird to illustrate three different kinds of prejudice in “To Kill a Mockingbird”. Scout, the narrator, capitulates to the pressure to act like a lady, illustrating sexism in the process. Boo Radley, a friendly man circulated by hideous rumors, demonstrates the theme of ostracism. Finally, Tom Robinson, an innocent man, faces his downfall due to the racism of Maycomb. All three of these characters are mockingbirds, for they hurt no one and are hurt in many ways. Through symbolism, Lee was able to illustrate a clearer picture of prejudice in her fictional town.