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What was the effect of the slave trade on Europe, Africa, and the Americas
How did the atlantic slave trade impact america and europe
What was the effect of the slave trade on Europe, Africa, and the Americas
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The slave trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade happen because Trade contacts were first made between the continents of the Old World such as (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and those of the "New World" such as (North America and South America). For many years, tidal currents made travel really hard for the boats that were available, and also there had been very little contact between the people living in these continents. In the 15th century New European developed technologies that made ships better equipped to deal with the problem of tidal currents, and could begin traveling across the Atlantic Ocean. Between 1600 and 1800, approximately 300,000 sailors engaged in the slave trade visited West Africa. In doing so, they came into contact with societies
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The slaves had little idea what would happen to them; some people thought they were being transported to another land where they would be eaten by the white men. Many of them (10-15%, or more) would die of infections or illness during the sea voyage, which typically lasted five to eight weeks with good winds and calm seas, or sometimes up to three months with bad weather. The men were packed into the ships' holds in very tight quarters with no toilet facilities, chained together, and infrequently would be allowed to come up to the top deck to get some fresh air and exercise. The women were often allowed more freedom to move about the ship, where they were subjected to sexual abuse by the …show more content…
In the months leading up to, some 4-5,000 sailors will cross from Europe to the Caribbean on one of the biggest sailing adventures of their lives. In most cases, the crossing is the culmination of years of planning and preparation. But if it’s your first time, are you missing something? You might be. Here is a list of my top 15 tips for an Atlantic crossing, which I’ve drawn up both from my own ocean passages in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and from talking to hundreds of transatlantic sailors over the years. So what do you really need to consider when planning your Atlantic crossing…Time was when a proper Bluewater cruiser had chines, a ketch rig and self-steering gear at the stern. That was a perception, and perceptions change. Numerically, the most common transatlantic yachts these days are ordinary production cruisers with standard kit.
There’s no black art to sailing 3,000 miles downwind. Generally, the toughest part of an Atlantic crossing is getting across Biscay. So whatever boat you have right now, the chances are that with a bit of extra prep she’ll be fine for an Atlantic crossing. As for a water maker, generator, SSB radio, etc.: they’re all useful, but every additional item adds complication and service cost/time. Apart from a sound boat, all you really need is water, food, fuel and a paper copy of ‘North Atlantic, Southern Part’. A smart crossing is all about consistent speed, 24 hours a day. The key
The Transatlantic Slave Trade started out as merchant trading of different materials for slaves. With obtaining a controllable form of labor being their main focus, the Europeans began to move to Africa and take over their land. The natives had to work on the newly stolen land to have a source of income to provide for their families.Soon others Europeans began to look for free labor by scouring the continent of Africa. Because Europeans were not familiar with the environment, Africans were employed to kidnap other Africans for the Transatlantic Slave Trade. After trade routes were established, different economies began to link together, and various items were exchanged across the world. As the Atlantic Slave Trade grew larger, problems began
Slaves were then transported to the Americas on a journey called the middle passage which lasted about six weeks. These ships were very unsanitary and cramped often carrying three hundred slaves. Once onboard the ship, men and women were stripped naked and shackled two-by-two. They could either be packed loosely or tight. Either way the ship had terrible hygiene, often nowhere to go to the bathroom. Also the slaves were hardly given any food, so many of the slaves went hungry. These factors contributed to many suicide attempts while onboard.
Though the Atlantic Slave Trade began in 1441, it wasn’t until nearly a century later that Europeans actually became interested in slave trading on the West African coast. “With no interest in conquering the interior, they concentrated their efforts to obtain human cargo along the West African coast. During the 1590s, the Dutch challenged the Portuguese monopoly to become the main slave trading nation (“Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade”, NA). Besides the trading of slaves, it was also during this time that political changes were being made. The Europe...
The image of American slave traders popularized and ingrained upon the national consciousness is based predominantly upon the character of Mr. Haley in Uncle Tom's Cabin. It is one of brash and opportunistic men of dubious background, character and principles, inherently racist and brutish in nature, motivated solely by profit. Ironically this largely echoed the view depicted publicly in the pro-slavery oratory and writings, which typically minimized the importance of the trade and portrayed the traders as social outcasts from the genteel antebellum culture of the South, thus reinforcing this fictitious version of history. Close scrutiny by many prominent historians has unquestionably shown this image is not historically accurate however. Far from being social outcasts with no community ties, many traders were in fact prominent citizens holding important positions in government and business. The most enterprising and successful of their number took full advantage of the latest innovations in modern transportation and employed effective market and advertising strategies thus introducing a spirit of commercialism which was so prevalent in the North to the South's agrarian culture. While it can not be disputed the most of these men held strongly racist views and many committed appalling acts in the course of the business, most saw themselves as men of vision who were simply pursuing their own American dream of happiness and prosperity. In their estimation their business practices were no more unethical than those of Northern entrepreneurs and served a viable need to the public at large.
One of the themes I considered significant concerning the journey of Cabeza de Vaca was the turmoil the crew encountered. As the soldiers began to sail for a royal expedition to the mainland of North America, disaster occurred; shipwreck, illness, lack of supplies, and captivity, which eventually destroyed the lives of several sailors. Sometimes, the best defense in an unexpected situation is how one responds. In the event of the hurricane which destroyed their boat the sailors proceeded to continue their journey by securing a new boat.
All were subject to harsh circumstances and the relentless fears of shipwreck and disease outbreaks. It took as long as five to twelve weeks, depending on the weather circumstances and point of departure. The captain and the crew workers treated the slaves like wild animals, giving them barely enough food to survive and leaving them to suffer with lice, fleas, and rats, which led to many diseases (“Middle Passage”). The records stated that about two –thirds of the fatalities were caused by malaria, yellow fever, and intestinal disorders (Postma 25). The enslaved Africans were linked with heavy iron chains around their hands and feet with barely enough room to lie down (Howarth). Constant odors of urine, vomit...
Fool a skipper into thinking you are a seasoned sailor. Sailing knowledge makes sailing more enjoyable. This is what every Lake Michigan Sailing crew member could want to know and become familiar with during their sails
On the second leg of this trade slaves were transported to the West Indies, this leg was called the middle passage. This part was horrible for the slaves. About 50% of all the slaves on one ship would not make it to the West Indies because of disease or brutal mistreatment. Hundreds of men, woman and children were cramped together for most of the journey, occasionally able move an almost decent amount.
The first leg of the journey was from Europe, mainly Portugal to Africa. Many of the goods produced in Europe were not available in Africa or America. The Europeans traded manufactured goods, including weapons, guns, beads, cowrie shells (used as money), cloth, horses, and rum to the African kings and merchants in return for gold, silver and slaves. Africans were seen as very hard workers who were skilled in the area of agriculture and cattle farming. They were also used to the extreme temperatures that people of lighter complexions could not bear. There had always been slavery in Africa amongst her own people, where men from different tribes/villages would raid other villages to kidnap the women for their pleasures, and the men to use as slaves. To learn that they could actually profit from this activity made the job of getting slaves very easy for the Europeans. Slaves acquired through raids, were transported to the seaports were they were help prisoner in forts until traded.
In letter written by Mittelberger ,The Passage of Indentured Servants, it explains the many hardships these people endured while aboard these large sea-vessels. For one, he explains how space is very limited and tight. With as many as 600 souls Mittelberger explains, there is only a two by four foot space for each person to rest. On top of that they had to make space for all the necessities that would be used during the
Using their wooden ships, they raided, traded, explored and settled in Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands. They developed different kinds of ships to help them navigate the ocean, seas and even narrow, shallow rivers. One kind of ship was the “knarr.” The knarr was a short, sturdy cargo ship that was mainly used for long ocean voyages and hazardous trips. It mainly used sails, but also had oars in the event that there was no wind on the open water. Another ship was known as the “karve”. They were very similar to the knarr, but had shallower h...
The concept of the slave trade came about in the 1430’s, when the Portuguese came to Africa in search of gold (not slaves). They traded copper ware, cloth, tools, wine, horses and later, guns and ammunition with African kingdoms in exchange for ivory, pepper, and gold (which were prized in Europe). There was not a very large demand for slaves in Europe, but the Portuguese realized that they could get a good profit from transporting slaves along the African coast from trading post to trading post. The slaves were bought greedily by Muslim merchants, who used them on the trans-Sahara trade routes and sold them in the Islamic Empire. The Portuguese continued to collect slaves from the whole west side of Africa, all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), and up the east side, traveling as far as Somalia. Along the way, Portugal established trade relations with many African kingdoms, which later helped begin the Atlantic Slave Trade. Because of Portugal’s good for...
Whale fat would be the waterproofing material for either of the vessels that the natives used. A trick that they would use in order to keep the vessels extremely buoyant even in harsh conditions would be to fill seal bladders with air, secure them shut, and then proceed to tuck them in the front and rear creases of the boat as well as the middle sides of the boat.
The transatlantic slave trade occurred throughout the entire continent of Africa and was divided into two eras, the first and the second Atlantic systems. The first Atlantic system was the slave trade of Africans to Portuguese and Spanish territories. The second Atlantic system which made up most of the transatlantic slave trade is the one I will focus on. This second Atlantic system, was characterized by the shipment of Africans from countries such as Senegal, Gambia, Ghana, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the ...
If you’re planning to dive into everything the island has to offer, there are several things you will need to pack. Enjoying a holiday requires preparation, so be sure to take notes! With that said, here are some of what you need to bring with you: