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Assignment about artificial sweeteners considering
Assignment about artificial sweeteners considering
Essay artificial sweeteners effects on health
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The US Food and Drug Administration found the data supplied by the European Ramazzini Foundation sufficient to support its conclusion that aspartame is carcinogenic (FDA, 2007). The Foundation's study is entitled, "Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential Biological Effects, in Particular, of Aspartame Administered in Feed to Sprague-Dawley Rats." The FDA immediately requested the Foundation to send its data for evaluation, but the Foundation sent only a portion of the data and refused that the study be subjected for FDA evaluation. Nonetheless, the FDA proceeded to evaluate the available data and found the pathological changes in the study animals were incidental and did not relate to treatment by aspartame. This study stands in contradiction to the findings of a large number of studies on the safety of aspartame. These studies, especially the five most important ones, negate the connection between the use of aspartame and the development of tumors. From these collective findings, it would be safe to conclude that no evidence as yet has been found to contest the safety of the use of aspartame as a general-purpose sugar substitute (FDA).
A long-term carcinogenicity study of aspartame was conducted in 1981 and is among the most widely used artificial sweeteners (FDA, 2007). In this context, it is in the public interest to review the nature and effects of aspartame through the biological, health and economic perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to gain knowledge about the uses and danger of aspartame, an artificial sugar. This paper will weigh the benefits as well as the negative effects that it has on the human body and gain insight as to view it more comprehensively and realistically.
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Retrieved on april 2, 2011 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/5793352
Lean M.. E. J. (2004). Aspartame and its effects on health. 329 (7469) British Medical Journal: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Retrieved on April 2, 2011 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm/articles/PMC520987
Pradhan S. et al (2010). Aspartame: sweetener with anti-inflammatory potential? Vol 1 # 2 Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics: Medknow Publications and
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Roberts, H. J. (2004). Aspartame disease. 31 (1) Journal of Texas Heart Institute: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on April 2, 2011 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC387446
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Sweeteners: Issues and Uncertainties. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Aspartame, or more commonly known as NutraSweet, Equal, Spoonful and Equal Measure; was discovered purely by chance in 1965 by a chemist named James M. Schlatter, who was testing an antacid drug (Prantini; 2014). The commercial industry believed that “a wonder product” had been discovered, which stood to revolutionise the food industry as an artificial sweetener. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener which is found in many of our foods and beverages universally. Aspartame is two-hundred times sweeter than sugar and is commonly used as a tabletop sweetener, a sweetener in prepared foods, diet foods or drinks, flavored waters, chewing gum, condiments and is even found in flavoring of medicines. It is found in majority of our food products marketed for weight control (Prantini; 2014). Aspartame has a sweeter taste in comparison to sugar, and therefore less of the sweetener can be used in food products in order to achieve the same level of sweetness as if sugar was used; which results in an individual consuming fewer calories and less sugar (American Cancer Society; 2014).
Aspirin has grown so much in popularity that about 35,000 metric tons of it is produced and consumed each year to meet the consumer’s demand. 35,000 metric tons is equivalent to 100 billion standard aspirin tablets (10). That many tablets means that the market for aspirin is very good. Today, Aspirin is known as the leading non-prescription medicine of all time. It is the most common pill taken for pain, inflammation and fever. It has grown all over the world, being made available in eighty countries (9). It would not be surprising if one day, all the countries would have aspirin available to them.
Consuming energy drinks such as Red Bull, Monster and the 5- Hour Energy Shot, which contains caffeine and other additives, is dangerous to an individual’s health and in some cases fatal. Manufacturers of energy drinks claim consumption of their products will improve athletic performance, concentration and reaction time, as well increase basal metabolism. However, manufacturers’ of energy drinks add additional energy-enhancing ingredients such as glucose, taurine, guarana and ginseng. Each of those ingredients has numerous adverse side effects, see table 1 on page 8. Yet, energy drink manufacturers are not required to list the amount or type of additive used in their products. According to the Food and Drug administration (FDA), approval of the FDA is required in order to use additives in conventional foods. Dietary supplements, is considered by the FDA as generally recognizes safe by qualified experts therefore not considered a food additive. Unfortunately, the FDA need not approve adding them to conventional foods such as drinks. Consequently, manufacturers of energy drinks are taking advantages of this by labeling their products as “dietary supplements. “ Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be in a position to regulate the ingredients added to energy drinks. In addition, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which regulates both dietary supplements and conventional foods does not require manufacturers of conventional foods to report serious adverse events (FDA, 2012).
Abstract: The use of high fructose corn syrup as a sweetener in various food and drink products has drastically affected the American people in the last three decades. Dominating 55% of the sweetener market because of its industrial benefits, HFCS’s increased use has caused dramatic effects in its consumers, including upsetting normal hormonal functions, destroying vital organs, nerves, and throwing off the body’s mineral balance. As the use of HFCS increased, the rates of obesity, diabetes, and related health problems have escalated, resulting in a nationwide epidemic.
With dental, digestive, and other corporal problems such as diabetes and obesity proliferating in the United States, the public is becoming increasingly aware of the dangers of unhealthy foods. Some ingredients that had previously been deemed harmless and have been in use for decades have recently been proved to be harmful and even potentially lethal. Thus, scientists, nutritionists, and food manufacturers are becoming more concerned about detrimental eating habits originating from the consumption of damaging ingredients that are copious in foods. A greater concern, however, is that these ingredients can still be found in a variety of food products and have yet to be withdrawn from grocery shelves. It is difficult to conceive that such toxic ingredients as high fructose corn syrup can still be found in a plethora of foods and drinks, even after multiple experiments that have proven that high fructose corn syrup is severely detrimental to the human body and the usage of HFCS, instead of diminishing, has dramatically augmented over the decades.
Manufacturing: Aspartame manufacturing required a high initial capital expenditure (plan construction costs $100M), and long lead production time (2-3 years to bring aspartame production to speed). The facility needed to be run at or near design capacity and experienced MES of 2,000 tones annually. Also, as the first mover, NutraSweet had the advantage of increasing their manufacturing efficiencies (manufacturing costs cut by 70% over the years).
Overall, the consumption of aspartame is not so beneficial. The chemical component of aspartame may be broken down to chemical substances that are potentially harmful and may lead to symptoms such as headaches, vision impairment, hearing loss, memory loss, fatigue, dizziness, and eventually brain tumors. The sweetener may have been developed to lower the amount of calories and be a sugar substitute, but its creation has only produced medical attention. The consumption of aspartame should be limited or not be consumed at all in order to prevent symptoms from occurring. The creation of aspartame may not be so sweet after all.
Vastag, Brian. "FDA Reviews Expanded Claims On Health Benefits Of Certain Foods." JNCI: Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 96.16 (2004): 1198-1199.
Food additives have been around for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. They have been used for a wide variety of purposes: to preserve food to keep it from spoiling, to enhance flavor, or the simple purpose of making food look more presentable to whoever is going to consume it. But the most prominent food additive is what is called M.S.G. This food additive, whose name is short for Monosodium Glutamate, has been in the U.S. for over 60 years. This is a food additive that has been known to kill, which is why it should be removed from the market in the first place, or at least be heavily regulated by the FDA. One might not care about this topic because they think it is nothing to get worked up over, but MSG is not something to laugh about. Before anything too radical happens, one must follow the first rule of engaging the enemy; know more about the enemy, in this case, MSG. There are things that need to be known about MSG’s history and origin, the chemical composition, the risks of having it in the body, such as diseases linked to consuming it, people that want to keep it in the market (yes, there are people who want to keep this stuff), food that contains MSG, and a solution to the many problems it causes. With these key points in mind, let's explore the origins of MSG and the problems associated with it.
Stroll into any high school or college and one will definitely find energy drinks. Energy drinks are served in tall cans with garish designs and slogans designed to catch the attention of children and teenagers. But what are they? Commercials will tell people that just by drinking them, they can stay up all night, ace a test, score with a girl, and be happy. Some have even said to give you superpowers. According to the advertising campaigns, energy drinks are equivalent to omnipotence in a can. But are energy drinks all they claim to be? The simple answer is no. Often energy drinks turn out to be more than just sugar and caffeine which makes energy drinks dangerous. Energy drinks cause negative side effects, such as heart problems and obesity in young americans, and therefore should have a legal drinking age of 18.
As the vast majority of Americans are addicted to caffeine, studies show that the effects during post-consumption, can be positive or negative depending on the amount and frequency of caffeine intake. As the demand for caffeine has increased, the caffeine industry has increased its amount of marketing and establishments to help aid this demand. Caffeine addiction can lead to serious health and physiological detriments. It is evident that the primary reason for consumption of caffeinated beverages is due to positive effects, such as alertness. The media has an abundance of marketing to continue to illustrate this main effect.
Scientists Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez and Jesus G Pallares executed a study observing the performance outcomes and side effects of energy drinks. They confirmed that due to their high carbohydrate concentration and lack of salts, energy drinks are not a good beverage choice when prolonged exercise in a warm environment is likely to require rehydration. They also found that ingestion of high doses of caffeine, although ergogenic, could result in negative side effects that could counteract the caffeine’s ergogenic effect. Even though energy drinks have the ability to increase a certain amount of energy, the energy would be short lived, due to lack of hydration. A similar study was performed by a team of scientists in Nepal. They tested on medical students at a Nepalese medical school. After the experiment, they concluded that energy drinks give energy and increase the stamina but they produce neurologic, psychiatric, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal complications on health. Certain students that participated in the study started to experience palpitation (increased or irregular heartbeat), nausea, constipation, and abdominal pain. These symptoms are just a few of the health risks that regularly consuming energy drinks can
Exposure to food colorants occurs during a majority of the meals that people consume every day, and these colorants can have certain effects on the human body. Many consumers do not show signs of being affected by food colorants; however, some specific diseases and disorders, such as ADHD, can be aggravated by colorants in addition to general ailments such as nausea, headaches, and irritability (Walford, 1984). Both natural and synthetic colorants can cause reactions, and approximately fifty years ago strict regulations on color additives and their certification were implemented due to different studies on colorants and several cases of severe allergic reactions (Vargas & Lopez, 2003). Not all food colorants are detrimental to bodily health, however. The development of food additives that are nutritionally beneficial is an area of science that is quickly advancing. Although many food colorants can be disparaging on human health, nutritionists are becoming more familiar with the advantageous properties of colorants, and the prospect of consuming healthier diets is encouraging (Downham & Collins, 2000).
Ginger has been known to have tremendous anti-inflammatory effects. It contains gingerols, which is a potent anti-inflammatory compound that is believed to reduce the pain levels for people who have arthritis. Ginger also helps in improving the mobility of arthritic patients particularly does who are suffering from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. In studies conducted in patients who responded to conventional drugs and those who didn’t, researchers found that 75% of arthritis patients and 100% of patients suffering with muscular discomfort experienced relief in swelling and pain. Other neurodegenerative diseases can also be aided by ginger’s ability to inhibit the production of nitrous oxide and proinflammatory cytokines.