Antebellum society in the United States was changing fast in many areas creating social problem that challenged the still-fledgling country. Population growth, an expanding economy, industrialization, and ever-expanding borders and territories meant diversity for its citizens, including races, cultures, economic classes, religions, and politics. Concerns about education, hospitals, and the mentally ill, were more easily taken up by law makers at the federal, state and local levels as most agreed on the need, just not the specifics of how to fix them. Other problems, including slavery, alcohol consumption, and the right to vote, were much more volatile with strong advocates and opposition on both sides of the arguments. In the years prior to the Civil War, the idealization of individuality and a renewed religious fervor combined with technological advances to inspire reforms in these areas of American society.
Americans continued to prize their country’s independence and began embracing the growing idealization of individuality which encouraged the common man to think for himself. In his 1841’s “Self Reliance,” American Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, “No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. Good and bad are but names very readily transferable to that or this; the only right is what is after my constitution; the only wrong what is against it.” Emerson believes that each person must decide for themselves what is right or wrong and follow his own conviction despite popular opinion. With this line of thinking the 1776’s United States Declaration of Independence’s claim that “all men are created equal” came under new scrutiny. As individuals began considering for themselves the true meaning of the phrase,...
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...r themselves and owning accountability for their own salvation by action, individual Americans were inspired to change society and technology helped connect like-minded individuals and groups. In 1855 Walt Whitman in his “Preface to Leaves of Grass” wrote, ”The genius of the United States is not best or most in its executives or legislatures, nor in its ambassadors or authors or colleges or churches or parlors, nor even in its newspapers or inventors . . . but always most in the common people.” Whitman is expressing his belief that the common man is the nation’s greatest resource. By making their own decisions, taking responsibility for their actions, and working with others through the help of technology, regular citizens were inspired to reform American society. Their work continues to inspire those seeking to ensure equality and civil rights for all Americans.
2) Was there any degree of autonomy in the lives of enslaved women in the revolutionary or antebellum America? Use the documents to address the question of whether or not an enslaved woman could protect the humanity and if so, explore how this might be achieved. Also include how the specific era (revolutionary or antebellum) affected her autonomy.
In early America between the years of 1825-1850, America was rapidly changing and reforming the way people lived. Societal problems and major discrepancies that had previously been overlooked began to rapidly gain awareness. The main idea of the reforms in the United States at this time was the relatively new sense of Democracy. Reform sought to maximize these benefits in light of Democracy and for this reason came up with many changes in which greater good can be found through freedom, justice, and equality of all people.
The Antebellum Era between the years of 1825 to 1850 was abundant with many reform movements that signified great change within the people of the nation. Although many of these changes were good and lasting reforms, extremists’ stark views did the contrary and inhibited change. Luckily, reform movements such as the women’s rights movement, the abolition of slavery, and temperance all led the nation in the right direction towards the expansion of democratic ideals. These ideals encompass the belief that all citizens are equal and are entitled to certain unalienable rights.
The Declaration of Independence (1776) was written to proclaim the colonists’ independence from Great Britain and announce the rights of its citizens and the role of government, among other declarations. The most famous phrase “…all men are created equal”, authored by Thomas Jefferson, was a statement affirming that tyranny under the rule of King George III and the English Parliament would be met with opposition by the colonists who would protect their liberties in the new republic.
Near the end of the Antebellum Era, tensions and sectionalism increased as the states argued over what was constitutional. The South had later seceded from the United States and had become the Confederacy of America while the North had remained as the Union. The South had fully supported states’ rights while the north had strongly disapproved it. However, westward expansion, southern anger with the abolitionists, and the secession of the South that had destroyed the feeling of unity in the country because of the disagreement over slavery had been the main factors to the cause of the Civil War. Therefore, since slavery was the primary reason for the discontent in the country, it had been the primary cause of the Civil War.
Specifically, the idea that man is endowed with certain liberties that were granted by God and/or nature was advocated by the Enlightenment thinkers. Many people took aim at arbitrary governments and the “divine right of kings.” John Locke in return offered principles of constructing a constitutional government, a contract between rulers and the ruled. In Document 7, John Locke in The Two Treatises of Government stated that men consent to enter society in order to preserve their natural rights such as life, liberty, and property. The government should protect people's natural rights and if not, then the people can remove their consent because the government derives its power from the consent of the people. John Locke wrote during the time period of the Enlightenment; therefore, his thoughts were based on the emerging idea of individualism furthermore man's inherent rights and powers. Thomas Jefferson wrote in The Declaration of Independence (Document 9) that are all men are created equal and that they are endowed with certain natural rights. The Declaration of Independence was written because of England's tyrannical rule over the American colonies thus, the citizens felt that their natural rights were being abused by the English government. Individualism was indeed formed in response to the skepticism of the Church as
the country to its monetary struggle. As ensued as tenth successor of the country, John Tyler lacked in securing a more adept union and was incapable of possessing an accomplished presidency. He continually declined to nationally accommodate to Congress’s political positions, by vetoing the establishment of the national bank with branches in various states. This sparked a reprisal among the Whigs who expelled John Tyler from their party, as well as compelled his entire cabinet to resign. This added further perspective as to why it was vital for there to be a relationship between Congress and the President of the United States; as it tends to affects our Nation’s well being.
The Antebellum Period in America occurred between 1815-1860. During this time period, religion, economic expansion, and social reform all greatly changed the United States and ultimately formed the nation that we have today. The effects of the Second Great Awakening greatly affected religion, the market revolution permanently changed the American economy, and social reform movement lobbied for temperance, women’s rights, the abolition of slavery, and institutions for those in poor mental health.
In the United States' Declaration of Independence the founding fathers stated: "…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness."
These are the five pillars of the Antebellum Period. These trends time and time again cause weak spots concerning the United States. These five social and economic trends are the topics of Market Revolution, Political Struggles, Urbanization, the Debate over Slavery, and Westward Expansion. These topics contribute majorly to the Antebellum Era and are crucial to the history of our country and having to do with how we got to were we are today.
Both Thoreau and Emerson argue that asserting one’s opinions is crucial to attaining a better society. Emerson decries the danger of societal conformity and challenges the reader to “speak what you think now in hard words” in order to remedy it (Emerson 367). Likewise, Thoreau speculates that if “every man make known what kind of government would command his respect” it would be “one step toward obtaining it” (Thoreau 381). With these remarkably similar statements, both transcendentalists appeal to the reader’s patriotism by using language evocative of the agitated and outraged colonial Americans who demanded the people’s voice be heard in government. Although published roughly a half century later, “Self-Reliance” and “Civil Disobedience” mirror the sentiments of famous Revolution-era leaders such as Thomas Paine and Patrick Henry.
Life for a slave in the antebellum South and a prisoner in Camp 14 was unbearable. The people in both situations had bad living conditions, food sources, and education. None of these people deserved to be treated like this but yet if they refused the punishments they had horrible consequences. In the South they got beaten with whips, raped, or sold to another slave owner. In Camp 14 they had a torchure building that they took people and torchured with fire and beaten, sometimes killed.
The meaning of equality has been expanded since the founding of America when Thomas Jefferson stated in the Declaration of Independence that “…all men are created equal…” However, when he used the word “men” he was specifically referring to property-owning males. Ironically, throughout his life, Jefferson owned hundreds of African American slaves yet in multiple of his writings on American injustices during the Revolution he vilified the fact that the British were sponsoring slave trade to the colonies. Jefferson himself valued slaves and but did not necessarily wanted them to have the equality of a free man. Certain objects constructed Thomas Jefferson’s idea of “men” during the enlightenment time period such as
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” (Jefferson). Thomas Jefferson, a white, Christian, political southern slave owner, wrote these words in 1776, a period in United States history when slavery thrived. The writer of the Declaration of Independence contradicts himself when he states that all men are created equal, when in actuality, his slaves were denied all that humans were meant to cherish.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…” (Declaration of Independence,1776)