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Sociological imagination impacts on sociology
Key Elements Of Sociological Imagination
Sociological imagination impacts on sociology
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Annotated Bibliography
Anderson, B. R. O. 1991. Imagined communities. London: Verso
In this text, Anderson presents his idea of the imagined community and the spread of nationalism. He discussed ideas of community prior to the nation, in the form of dynastic realms and religion and the historical events that set in motion the fall of the former two systems and the rise of nationalism and its impacts on society. This text is crucial in enabling me to define what an imagined community is and to better understand how it can relate to the spread of social media phenomena and how that, in turn, impacts the Australian national community
Gruzd, A., Wellman, B. and Takhteyev, Y. 2011. Imagining Twitter as an imagined community. American Behavioral Scientist, 55 (10), pp. 1294--1318.
This article explores the possibilities of the micro-blogging website Twitter as a means of forming an imagined community. Through studying the account of one active twitter user they explore the theories of “virtual settlement” and “sense of community” as well as Andersons theory of the imagined community, the vernacular and shared ideas and morals. There are limitations to this article being that it only focuses on one social network (being Twitter) and it is not directly related to reactions to phenomena, but it provides valuable insight into how communities are created and the influence of said communities.
Kwak, H., Lee, C., Park, H. and Moon, S. 2010. What is Twitter, a social network or a news media?. pp. 591--600.
This article is contains research into what the authors call “The Twittersphere”. It also talks in length about the vernacular of social media (trending topics, user profiles, retweets) and the impacts of trending topics on other forms o...
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...on how the Australian imagined community is shaped as they are members of it too.
Johnston, J., Keyzer, P., Holl, Pearson, M. L., Rodrick, S. and Wallace, A. 2013. Juries and Social Media: A Report Prepared for the Victorian Department of Justice. Standing Council on Law and Justice.
This report was prepared for the Victorian Department of Justice to demonstrate the current effects of social media on the right to fair trial. It defines social media, recognizes problems and evaluates the effectiveness of current strategies to minimize the effects of social media on the jury and courtroom process. It also offers recommendations on further actions to take to improve the current jury model. It provides a differing opinion, from the legal standpoint and whilst it will not form the basis of my argument, it is useful for observing the effects of ‘trial by social media’
As one of the seven jury deliberations documented and recorded in the ABC News television series In the Jury Room the discussions of the jurors were able to be seen throughout the United States. A transcript was also created by ABC News for the public as well. The emotions and interactions of the jurors were now capable of being portrayed to anyone interested in the interworkings of jury deliberations. The first task,...
The merits of both the adversarial and inquisitorial system will be explored throughout this paper. The Australian rule of law best describes as all law should be applied equally and fairly. The five vital operations of the rule of law includes fairness, rationality, predictability, consistency, and impartially. The adversarial system adopts these operations by having a jury decide on the verdict and the judge being an impartial decision maker. In contrast, the inquisitorial system relies heavily on the judge. This can result in abusive power and bias of the judge when hearing evidence and delivering verdicts. The operations of the rule of law determine why the rule of law is best served by the adversarial system in Australia.
At trial, your life is in the palms of strangers who decide your fate to walk free or be sentenced and charged with a crime. Juries and judges are the main components of trials and differ at both the state and federal level. A respectable citizen selected for jury duty can determine whether the evidence presented was doubtfully valid enough to convict someone without full knowledge of the criminal justice system or the elements of a trial. In this paper, juries and their powers will be analyzed, relevant cases pertaining to jury nullification will be expanded and evaluated, the media’s part on juries discretion, and finally the instructions judges give or may not include for juries in the court. Introduction Juries are a vital object to the legal system and are prioritized as the most democratic element in our society, aside from voting, in our society today.
However, once policy makers realized that not all Indigenous Australians wished to conform to their ways of being, policies began to shift. In 1967, a national referendum granted citizenship to Aboriginal Australians. Despite this referendum, the Aboriginal Australians sought to establish their own identity outside of European notions of Aboriginality. In looking at how the Indigenous Australians have come to define themselves, the author describes two modes of Aboriginal identity: local and pan-Aboriginal. According to European classifications, Indigenous populations were seen as a homogenous group. However, defining the Indigenous Australians in this way diminishes geographic, linguistic, and cultural diversity that existed among these populations. According to Tonkinson, “despite many cultural similarities between groups, it is the differences that are most conspicuous and significant from the Aboriginal viewpoint…[Aboriginal] people often invoke their uniqueness of language, traditional territory, and kinship in asserting their [local] identity” (193). Pan-Aboriginality, is the “construction of a common culture out of a situation of cultural diversity,” and this, according to Tonkinson, is “essential in building solidarity among a minority population and endowing it with a political force in the Australian nation” (215). In uniting themselves under a common struggle, Aboriginals have
The jury system is essentially a descendant of Great Britain, the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians. Colonialism played a significant role in the development of the jury system globally. However, despite colonial influence, judicial systems across the world have taken their own way. As a result, the jury system has developed and changed to suit the needs and social conscience of different countries. Across the world, juries examine and decide the facts in a jury trial, the accuracy of the testimony, the guilt or innocence of criminal defendants, and liabilities in a civil litigation. Today, many countries such as Britain, United States, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Australia, France, German, India, and so on practice jury trials. These countries will be the issue of discussion in this paper.
Otto, A. L., Penrod, S. D., & Dexter, H. R. (1994). The Biasing Impact Of Pretrial Publicity On Juror Judgments. Law and Human Behavior, 18(4), 453-469.
A jury is a panel of citizens, selected randomly from the electoral role, whose job it is to determine guilt or innocence based on the evidence presented. The Jury Act 1977 (NSW) stipulates the purpose of juries and some of the legal aspects, such as verdicts and the right of the defence and prosecution to challenge jurors. The jury system is able to reflect the moral and ethical standards of society as members of the community ultimately decide whether the person is guilty or innocent. The creation of the Jury Amendment Act 2006 (NSW) enabled the criminal trial process to better represent the standards of society as it allowed majority verdicts of 11-1 or 10-2, which also allowed the courts to be more resource efficient. Majority verdicts still ensure that a just outcome is reached as they are only used if there is a hung jury and there has been considerable deliberation. However, the role of the media is often criticized in relation to ensuring that the jurors remain unbiased as highlighted in the media article “Independent Juries” (SMH, 2001), and the wide reporting of R v Gittany 2013 supports the arguments raised in the media article. Hence, the jury system is moderately effective in reflecting the moral and ethical standards of society, as it resource efficient and achieves just outcomes, but the influence of the media reduces the effectiveness.
From conception in the Magna Carta 1215, juries have become a sacred constitutional right in the UK’s justice system, with the independence of the jury from the judge established in the R v. Bushel’s case 1670. Although viewed by some as a bothersome and an unwelcomed duty, by others it is perceived to be a prized and inalienable right, and as Lord Devlin comments ‘ trial by jury is more than an instrument of justice and more than one wheel of the constitution : it is the lamp that shows freedom lives.’ It is arguable that juries bring a ‘unique legitimacy’ to the judicial process, but recently it seems that their abolition may be the next step forward for the UK in modernising and making the judicial system more effective. Many argue that jurors lack the expertise and knowledge to make informed verdicts, along with views that external forces are now influencing juries more heavily, especially after the emergence of the internet and the heavy presence it now has on our lives. Yet, corruption within the jury system is also internal, in that professionals and academics may ‘steamroll’ others during deliberations about the case. These factors, coupled with the exorbitant costs that come along with jury trials creates a solid case for the abolition of juries. On the other hand though, the jury system carries many loyal supporters who fear its abolition may be detrimental to society. Academics and professionals such as John Morris QC state that; 'it may well not be the perfect machine, but it is a system that has stood the test of time.’ Juries ensure fair-practice within the courtroom, and although controversial, they have the power to rule on moral and social grounds, rather than just legal pre...
In the article “ I Tweet, Therefore I Am” (2010), Peggy Orenstein explains that social media such as twitter can express who you are as a person and make you come to the realization of how your life is defined. Orenstein supports this explanation by giving her own personal experience on her twitter experiment. The author’s purpose is to point out that not all people who are hooked to social media have lost the disconnection of feelings along with relationships between people. Orenstein writes in a reflective tone for students and adults.
A. M. Kaplan and M. Haenlein, ‘Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media’, Business Horizons, vol. 53, no. 1, 2010, pp. 59-68.
To most of us, the only encounter with Australian identity is through the eye of popular culture. And while most Australians would agree that our national identity is alive and well, pop culture’s fixation on the ‘typical Australian’ is tedious and inaccurate.
Nowadays almost every person on this planet uses social media sites to communicate with others. According to “Social Networking Reaches Nearly One in Four around the World” (eMarketer, para 1, 2013), nearly one in four people in the world use social media daily, which is extremely a lot. Certainly, there are a lot of
Twitter as a famous social website has obtained its fame recently, and as a new invention such like other websites has its advantages and disadvantages, usually people differ in judging them. Twitter has many advantages first of all it is a new and updated method of contacting and communicating with other, and through it you can reach people who are far away from you. In addition of that it helps you in searching for new friends. Some people find it very difficult to make relation with others around them but, it is easy for them to establish new friendships on Twitter Also through it you can keep in touch and in a good relation with old friends who you haven’t seen for a long time at any place in the world.
Social networking has now introduced an innovative way of attaining these norms through virtual communities on the Web. Socialization prepares us for our life experiences. It can be considered a reverential foundation for society. We may not agree to some rules in society, but without socialization a civil society would cease to exist. In addition, any influence on the socialization process has a profound effect on how we function as a community, with some of the more notable discovery’s being email and instant messaging.
In much the same way that e-mail became a rich source of discovery material beginning a decade or so ago, Social Media is finding its way into courtrooms more and more with the potential of turning litigation on its ear.