Annotated Bibliography: Annotated Bibliography

Instability creates negative life outcomes in children of cohabitating households. Social scientists, such as Julie Artis, argue that a lack of marital ties creates a rise in instability. Instability may also arise due to cohabitating partners spending less time with the children (Artis, 2007). A lot of research tends to focus on mother-partner cohabitation and its effects on children’s well-being and life outcomes. There is a trend in research that shows that mother-partner cohabitation with multiple partners creates much more instability for the family, which in turn negatively affects the amount of stress put onto the children (Brown, 2010).

Boys with mothers who remarry are more likely to do less of these things with a father figure in their life. The girl’s motherly attention has been abandoned while the boys gain a male figure. Remarriage can be very rough on children and spouses. Especially, when spouses do not get along with the children. Those who get along with their stepparents still have the underlying issue of the fact that they are really not their "parent".

This in turn decreased the amount of parental provisions both socially and financially which resulted in less positive parent-child relationships. Which brings the next primary conclusion: Those children from divorced families tend to have more difficulty with intimate relationships as young adults. Compared with young adults from continually married families, these children report more dissatisfaction with marriages (which tend to end in divorce as well) and relationships. This is most likely due to the learned behaviors that they grew up with in their childhood households. Seeing the parents argue and demean each other set up a rocky foundation for future relationship basis.

The study shows how parents react to successful and non-successful children. In this article, success is based off of relationships and career status of the children. Purpose of Study Authors’ objective – The parents’ perception of the children’s lack of success may be linked with four discrete emotions: disappointment, worry, anger and guilt. Hypotheses – A mother’s perception of her child’s poor success rate can be only associated with worry and disappointment, however, all four emotions are triggered when it comes to the father’s perception. The study took place in order to

Fathers Incorporated stated, “Fatherless children are twice as likely to drop out of school.” This evidence proves that the absence of a father does have an effect on a child’s education. If they don’t drop o... ... middle of paper ... ... home, school, or in the neighborhood.” This statement tells us that emotional, behavioral, and social problems occur mostly among fatherless children. According to Edward Kruk, an associate professor of social work at the University of British Columbia, children with absent fathers are more likely to develop behavioral problems. Everyday Life- Global Post stated, “These problems are often a shield that kids use to protect their deep issues of abandonment, fear, and unhappiness.” This statement explains the theory that fatherless children have certain behavioral problems due to the absence of a father. Not having a father in a child’s life could cause them to develop a careless attitude and mean persona.

Phillip Cooper and Daniel P. Mueller, directors of a Community Needs Assessment program, note that “almost one in two children who are now infants will live in a single parent family before age 18 (169.) Not only has the ideal family and value of marriage continuously deteriorated, but the absence of dominant male figures in today’s family households has sadly become the norm for twenty-first century families. Paul McCafferty states, “[currently]…one in four children live with a single parent. Of those children that live with one parent, about 86 percent reside with their mothers” (7.) The American culture has fallen susceptible to single parenting and has strayed from the traditional idea of two parents itself.

The degree of psychological effects depends on the age of the child. Children of ages 6 or lower tend to have less developed cognitive abilities which will increase as the child matures. At this age, children experience egocentrism which causes them to blame the divorce on themselves (Foulkes-Jamison, 2001). These children are emotionally dependent and will... ... middle of paper ... ...dial parent wants to relocate to escape the guilt they may feel or to start over. Depending on the situation, I believe that if the custodial parent has to relocate, it should be to an area close enough for the child to attend the same school and be around their old friends.

Not only do they have to deal with the pain of parents separating, they also may feel as if they caused their parent’s problems. Parental divorce has negative effects on children’s academic achievement, social life and success in their lifetime, specifically for elementary school students (Neighbor, 1992; Tucker, Friedman, Schwartz, Criqui, Tomlinson-Keasey, Wingard, & Martin, 1997; Kinard & Reinherz, 1986). As with any child, a sudden change in home life can be a difficult adjustment. During school the child’s academic performance can be negatively affected by their parent’s divorce. Having divorced parents is no fault of their own, yet; they have to suffer with the stress it causes.

“Children of divorce are more than twice as likely to have serious social, emotional, or psychological problems as children of intact families…” (Parke, Mary, “Are Married Parents Really Better for Children?” p. 4). Not receiving the support and nurturing that is needed from both parents during adolescents can affect the future decisions made by children at a later stage in their lives. The guidance that is needed for children to make their life long decisions such as continuing education, certain situation thinking processes and decisions. Divorced parents will face loss of income compared to a two parent income, depression, and self-acceptance. Separating mothers and fathers in a childbearing family will lead the mother or father to having to split the roles or replace the role of the other parent in the household while the child might only be allowed to live with one parent for a certain amount of time.

Children in low-conflict marriage situations, however, generally do worse when their parents’ divorce compared to children whose parents stay married and keep trying to work things out. Children are developing physically, socially, emotionally, educationally, morally, and spiritually; research shows that divorce can affect c... ... middle of paper ... ...According to “The National Center for Family and Marriage”, men and women who were engaged and living together before the wedding were about as likely to have marriages that lasted 15 years as couples who had not lived together. Researchers have recently indicated that some young people put off marriage to attend college, start careers and to travel while growing into adulthood. Dr. Galena Rhoades, the D.U.