Thyroid and metabolism hormones play a large role in the daily lives of all living species. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and the metabolism is responsible for maintaining a specific range for the biochemical reactions that occur in the body (Martini 2014). The most important hormone for metabolic maintenance is thyroxine (T4). This hormone also plays a large role in body heat regulation. It is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) must trigger the thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) to release thyroid hormones to the thyroid gland. These hormones are under control of the hypothalamus, or main neural control center. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat …show more content…
For this I used the scale provided by the program. The manometer is a U-shaped tube that held liquid. This aided the experiment by showing me how much oxygen was consumed by the rats while they were placed in the jar. The airtight, glass animal chamber was the equipment I used to have an isolated area for the rats to go while I monitored their breathing. The tubes that connected this to the manometer had clamps that allowed me to block the passage way of air into the glass chamber or to stop air flow into the manometer while I collected the results. Before the rats were injected with the hormones or PTU I calculated their BMR with their normal level of hormones. To get the BMR I had to weigh the rats. The normal rat was 249 grams, the tx rat was 245 grams and the hypox rat was 246 grams. Having rats that were close in weight was very important for this experiment because each rat is injected with the same amount of drug or hormone. If I had used a rat that was much smaller than the other two rats, the results after being injected with the drug or one of the hormones could have been drastically different, and changed my end
That CO2 and water vapor would then flow into a condensing ice bath that would cool the water vapor to condense it and remove it from the system. The CO2 and water would also pass through a Drierite Column to ensure that all excess water was removed before the airflow finally reached the CO2 analyzer was not wet. This CO2 analyzer then determines how much CO2 is in the air and sends that information to a computer with the Logger Pro 3 application to display all of the data that was received from the apparatus that was created. The application takes in flow rate data, temperature data, and CO2 in parts per million data. The weigh in grams, the sex, the amount of CO2 in ppm, and the status of habituation of the cockroach were recorded. Flow rate and temperature were also recorded and relatively consistent. A graph with metabolic rate (ml CO2 per min) on the y-axis and the groups of male and female for habituated and unhabituated cockroaches would go along the x-axis to help visualize the differences between the groups. An Analysis of Variance test (ANOVA) would be conducted by calculating the means of each group and with that calculating the sum of squares within groups, sum of squares between groups, and the total
to get an idea of how I would do my real experiment and what apparatus
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that effects the lives of many people. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, causing an array of symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, swelling of limbs, lack of focus and many more. The current standard of treatment of hypothyroidism is hormone replacement therapy with a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) called Levothyroxine or T4 Monotherapy. The whole idea behind T4 Monotherapy is that the Levothyroxine (which is a synthetic version of the natural thyroid hormone thyroxine) will mimic what occurs naturally in the body, and be deiodinated in the peripheral tissues to become the more biologically active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and thus, alleviating the patients symptoms. Unfortunately, this however, is not always the case. For some patients, even though they are in the therapeutic range using T4 monotherapy, their bodies aren’t properly converting the synthetic T4 to active T3. Because of this, coupled with the invention of the internet, patients are turning to search engines in hopes to find an answer that will alleviate their symptoms, which has led to a resurgence in the use of desiccated thyroid products. Desiccated thyroid is derived from porcine thyroid glands, and contain both T4 and T3 thyroid hormones. Some alternative medical practioners are claiming there is more benefit in this natural product vs synthetic, but perhaps we need to take a closer look into the alternative treatment options of hypothyroidism- such as desiccated products, and why natural might not always be better.
This report is on a virtual experiment based on the real-life experiment accomplished by John Endler and David Reznick of the University of California. The goal is attempting to determine whether or not the level of predation effect’s the color patterns of guppies.
In healthy an individual, the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4 through a series of steps. Iodide is carry into the thyroid follicular cell from the blood stream by symporters. The iodide is transported into the cell against it concentration gradient, using Na+ concentration gradient as an energy source. The iodide in the follicular cell is activated through oxidation by thyroperoxidase (TPO). The active iodide is passively transported into the colloid through an iodide channel on the luminal side of the follicular cell down its concentration gradient. Thyroglobulin (Tg) another precursor of thyroid hormone enters the colloid via exocytosis from the Golgi complex of the follicular cell. The Thyroglobulin (Tg) binds to iodide with the help of thyroperoxidase forming monoiodotyrosine (MIT). If another iodide is added to the tyrosine reside of Tg, di-iodotyrosine is formed (DIT...
The balance of the thyroid hormone is complicated and involves the participation of different parts of the body (Kaplustin, 2010).
The thyroid organ, though small, impacts every cell in the body by providing metabolism regulation (endocrine web). This butterfly-shaped, endocrine organ located at the neck, secretes hormones to control the body’s metabolism - or the way the body uses energy that help the body with energy, manage heat, and help organs such as the heart and brain function properly (thyroid.org). When not functioning properly, thyroid dysfunctions occur disrupting the three points of control: the hypothalamus in the brain, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland. Common thyroid disorders include Hashimoto’s, Graves’ disease, thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and nodules or goiters (health line).
Planning Firstly here is a list of equipment I used. Boiling tubes Weighing scales Knife Paper towels 100% solution 0% solution (distilled water) measuring beakers potato chips Cork borer. We planned to start our experiment by doing some preliminary work. We planned to set up our experiment in the following way.
The thyroid is one of the most essential glands in the body. It is located in the endocrine system, and sits right in the neck just above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland functions to produce hormones that control how every cell in the body utilizes energy, also known as a process called metabolism. When a person's thyroid abnormally produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones, this is a condition referred to as hyperthyroidism. The causes of hyperthyroidism are known to include: eating too much food with iodine, graves disease, inflammation due to viral infections, tumors of the testes and ovaries, taking a large amount of thyroid hormone, receiving medical imaging tests consisting of contrast dye iodine, and growth of thyroid or pituitary gland (Board "Hyperthyroidism"). With an overactive thyroid, the body tends to speed up its functions. Symptoms vary from, fast heartbeats, rapid weight loss, abnormal sweating, nervousness, and mood changes. Hyperthyroidism is normally diagnosed through a series of lab tests. If not properly taken care of, condition may worsen leading to bone and heart problems in the long run. As far as treatment is concerned, options may vary from person to person depending on age and the level of activity of the thyroid. Treatments include antithyroid medicines, radioactive iodine ablation, and the last resort, surgery. Though all treatment plans work, radioactive iodine ablation is a permanent and more reliable remedy for an overactive thyroid. Radioactive iodine ablation is in fact the most commonly used cure for people with hyperthyroidism problems in the US today. “The treatment has been around since 1942 and has been extensively used since the 1950's” ("Radioactive Iodine Treatment o...
The thyroid gland plays a major role in the endocrine, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and metabolism system. The gland can be found in the front of the neck and above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland controls the body by releasing T4 and T3 hormones. Controlling metabolism plays an important role when regulating mood, weight,
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
The thyroid is a small gland at the base of the neck. The thyroid is shaped like a butterfly. It releases hormones that deliver energy to the cells of the body (Shomon). The thyroid releases two hormones called T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). The hormones control rates in the body such as, how fast the heart beats and how fast calories are burned. These activities make up the metabolism (“Publications”).
Now the two test tubes are clamped in a ring stand and placed in water for 30 minutes so they become equilibrated. The capillary tubes are now connected to the horizontal arm of the U-shaped manometer, supported by a wooden block. Now dye is added to the manometer tube so it reaches the middle of the metric tube. After the 30-minute equilibration is finished, each rubber tubing is folded over and clamped with pinch clamps. When the manometer fluid begins to ride, then the position of the dye should be measured using a metric ruler and recorded as the initial reading for time zero.
Hypothyroidism is result of your thyroid gland, located in the front of your neck, not producing enough thyroid hormone. This disease is an important topic not only because it is the most common thyroid disease, but because 3% -5% of the American population have the disease. The goal of this paper is to help people understand just how important T3 and T4 are to almost every cell in your body and how thyroid hormones can produce a varied number of symptoms.
The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system, and it is controlled by the pituitary which is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system. The pituitary controls the thyroid by producing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which stimulates the production of thyroid hormones. . The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones: Thyroxine (T4) and Tri-Iodothyronine (T3). These hormones increase metabolic rate, heat production, oxygen consumption, appetite, growth hormone secretion, alertness and quicker reflexes. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior portion of the neck, beneath the Adam’s apple. It is divided in two lobes on either side of the windpipe: right lobe and left lobe. These lobes create what looks like a butterfly shape. The gland is essential to the contribution of maintaining the homeostasis of the body. It plays a role in monitoring the body’s expenditure of energy and running the body’s metabolism.