DISCUSSION This experiment was conducted based on three purposes. Firstly, to introduce some important types of electrodes in electrochemical and environmental studies. Secondly, to show how to use glass electrodes in the determination of ionization constants of weak poly acid through titration of pH. Then, to study the reaction of hydrolysis using glass electrodes. For this experiment, there were two parts which were determination of ionization constants of phosphoric acid in part A and determination of degree and constant of hydrolysis of aniline hydrochloride in part B. To make the electrochemical cell, there were a few types of electrode which used. There were, gas electrode, insoluble salt-metal electrode, metal electrode and membrane electrode. Basically, …show more content…
The aniline hydrochloride was given in the solid form. So, the mass of aniline hydrochloride to prepare 0.1 M of aniline hydrochloride need to be calculated. The only information given was the molar mass of the aniline hydrochloride. The mole of the of the aniline hydrochloride was calculated by using formula,no.of mole=(molarity x volume)/1000. The mole of aniline hydrochloride calculated is 0.01 mol. Then, by using o.of mole=mass/(molar mass) , the mass obtained is 1.296 g. 1.296 g of aniline hydrochloride was put into the 100 ml volumetric flask and distilled water was filled to the calibration mark. To determine the volume of aniline hydrochloride needed to be dissolved to prepare the solution as instructed, the formula of M1V1 = M2V2 . M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the concentrated stock solution while M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the diluted solution which need to be prepared. For each of the concentration which need to be prepared, the calculated volume of aniline hydrochloride was put into the volumetric flask and distilled water was filled to the calibration
The goal of this two week lab was to examine the stereochemistry of the oxidation-reduction interconversion of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The purpose of first week was to explore the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone and see how the reduction of the ketone will affect the stereoselectivity. The purpose of first week is to oxidize the alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, to ketone just so that it can be reduced back into the alcohol to see how OH will react. The purpose of second week was to reduce 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol from first week and determine the effect of the product's diastereoselectivity by performing reduction procedures using sodium borohydride The chemicals for this lab are sodium hypochlorite, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone
Abstract: Various Anilines were tested with Br2/HBr solution, the products were crystallized and melting points attained to verify relative reactivity. My assignment, 2,4-Dibromoanisol, was prepared in a yield of 52% with a melting point of 55-58 C .
We were then to make a base solution of 0.7 M NaOH. In order to standardize
An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the conventional wiring of the circuit to a conducting medium such as an electrolyte or a gas. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode. If an anode and a cathode are placed in a solution of an electrolyte and a source of direct current is connected between them, the positive ions in the
So a transfer of electrons takes place between the zinc and the acid. The zinc is oxidized and the acid is reduced to hydrogen gas which you can see bubbling out around the electrodes. The reaction at the penny electrode depletes the electrons from the copper and attaches them to the hydrogen ions in the phosphoric acid.
Once the mixture had been completely dissolved, the solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. The solution was then extracted twice using 5.0 mL of 1 M
Determining the Concentration Of Limewater Solution Aim: The aim of this experiment is it to find out the concentration of Limewater by performing a titration with hydrochloric acid which has concentration exactly 2.00M.. What is required for me is that I have to design my own experiment and chose the right and appropriate apparatus and equipment. I will be provided with 250cm3 of limewater, which has been made to which contains approximately 1g/dm3 of calcium Hydroxide. This hypothesis from www.studentcentral.co.uk We were also give Hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a concentration of 2.00 mol/dm3 normal laboratory apparatus was also given and so was an indicator.
This is the most common battery that people use today like Energizer or Duracle batteries. The most common form of a primary cell is the Leclanche cell, invented by a French chemist Georges Leclanche in the 1860s. The electrolyte for this battery consisted of a mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride made into a paste. The negative electrode is zinc, and is the outside shell of the cell, and the positive electrode is a carbon rod that runs through the center of the cell. This rod is surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide. This battery produces about 1.5 volts.
When introduced into an ionic solution, positively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the anode and the negatively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the cathode. This act of moving ions means that charges are able to move from anode to the cathode and complete the circuit. These moving ions are essentially the same as moving electrons (electricity). This process of putting electrodes into a solution, using a direct electric current (D.C.), and separating chemicals based on their charge is known as electrolysis
Neutralization Experiment AIM:- To investigate how heat is given out in neutralizing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) using different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. Background Information:- Substances that neutralize acids are called alkalis. An acid is a substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) when placed in water. It can also be described as a proton donor as it provides H+ ions. An example of an acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) etc.
In the experiment there are several possible ways of changing the electric current such as changing the voltage or the position of the electrodes within the electrolysis cell. However, it was found from preliminary work that the most effective way to change the current was to change the concentration of the acid solution. The preliminary work showed that the greater the concentration of the acid, the greater the current. Ohm's law states that R(resistance) =
A battery is a device that converts energy into electricity by storing electrical energy thru chemical reactions. In a battery, there are three major components [4]. The first component of a battery is a terminal called anode which is an electrode through which electric current flows into [2]. The second component of a battery is a terminal is called cathode which is an electrode through which electric current flows out [2]. These two terminals can be found at each end of a battery. The third component of a battery is called the electrolyte which is an ionic compound(s) that are used to separate these two terminals, send electrons and used to neutralize charges that build-up in the chemical reaction processes [2].
Electrophoresis is an analytical technique for the analysis of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. This technique was discovered and first used in 1937 by a Swedish biochemist Arne Tiselius . The electrophoretic effect is based on the theory of Debye - Huckel - Onsager where this theory of electrolytic dissociation accept the fact that charged particles move up under the influence of electrostatic forces to an electrode of opposite charge is applied when a potential difference in a solution containing electrolytes.
second test tube also add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl. Make a solution of 0.165
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).