A battery is a device that converts energy into electricity by storing electrical energy thru chemical reactions. In a battery, there are three major components [4]. The first component of a battery is a terminal called anode which is an electrode through which electric current flows into [2]. The second component of a battery is a terminal is called cathode which is an electrode through which electric current flows out [2]. These two terminals can be found at each end of a battery. The third component of a battery is called the electrolyte which is an ionic compound(s) that are used to separate these two terminals, send electrons and used to neutralize charges that build-up in the chemical reaction processes [2].
In the process of producing electricity, the anode in a battery produces electrons through an oxidation reaction while the cathode accepts these electrons creating electron flow [4]. Electrons are being carried and transferred by the electrolytes – that acts like a piece of metal between the anode and the cathode [4].
In the case of primary batteries, the chemical reactions are irreversible – meaning that the products produced in the chemical reactions to produce electricity cannot return to their (original) reactant state [4]. Therefore, these type of batteries run out of energy production overtime [4].
On the other hand, chemical reactions in a rechargeable battery are reversible – meaning that the products produced in the chemical reactions to produce electricity can go back to their original state by using an outside electric power source [4].
The following are the two types of battery with given specific batteries:
I. Primary Batteries
- These batteries are sometimes called single-use or “disposable” batteries...
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...emical reactions that involve variable of the following chemicals:
Oxidation (Anode):C+x〖Li〗^+ (aq)xe^-→CLix [8]
Reduction (Cathode):LiCoO_2→〖Li〗_(1-x) CoO_2+〖xLi〗^++xe^- [8]
• Lead-Acid
This battery is the most the most popular among the rechargeable batteries [1]. This battery offers advantages as the Lithium-Ion battery by being economical and reliable [1]. However, due to its weight, Lead-Acid battery is not as portable as the other batteries. In addition, this battery carries Lead, a toxic and carcinogenic compound, which is its main chemical component [1].
Chemicals involve in this battery are porous lead as the anode, lead(IV) oxide as the cathode and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
Oxidation (Anode):Pb(s)+〖HSO_4〗^- (aq)→〖PbSO〗_4 (s)+H^+ (aq)+2e^- [2].
Reduction (Cathode):PbO_2 (s)+〖〖HSO〗_4〗^- (aq)+3H^+ (aq)+2e^-→Pb〖SO〗_4 (s)+2H_2 O(l) [2].
Electrolyte can be defined as the aqueous or molten substances which when dissolved in a solvent dissociates into ions and can transmit negatively charged ions.
In an “electrolytic solution”, if two electrodes, one being positive and the other negative, are placed in the solution then ions have the ability to transport free electrons to and from both of the electrodes. Acids in a solution are good electrolytes since the acids supply the solution with hydrogen ions. If a solution contains organic compound has sugar or starch, then that solution won’t conduct electricity well since organic compounds are contributing as many hydrogen ions as acids. The most familiar electrolytes would be elements such as potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in many household as a source of energy, however the battery relies heavily on liquid electrolytes which are flammable and are prone to fires.Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has created a solid electrolytes that is made out of lithium triphosphate to try to overcome the safety issues presented by lithium-ion
This means that they give up both their valence electrons to become positively charged ions. When the zinc ions are moving away from the anode and leaving their electrons on the surface this makes the anode more negatively charged than the cathode. If a device is connected to the cell, the electrons move through the device (now a completed circuit) to the graphite rod (cathode). This movement of electrons creates the electric current for the Leclanche cell. After passing through the circuit, the electrons then reach the cathode where they combine with the manganese dioxide (MnO2 ) and water which react with each other to produce manganese oxide (Mn2O3) and negatively charged hydroxide ions. There is also another reaction happening at the same time where the negative hydroxide ions react with the positive ammonium chloride in the electrolyte to produce molecules of water and
Rechargeable battery evolution accelerated as the world transitioned to instruments enabled by silicon microchip technology from those of bulky electrical components. Mobile devices were designed to be powered by lightweight energy storage systems. The development of batteries for this rapidly evolving market was challenging:
These reasons are why Lithium-Ion Batteries are some of the most viable options when designing new gadgets. But, the structure of these batteries are why these batteries are being used for new gadgets. A Lithium-Ion Batt...
Electrolytes are liquids that conduct electricity. Most need to be dissolved into water or another solvent. Battery¡¦s have an electrolyte in them, either as a liquid or as a paste. Liquid electrolytes are used in electrolysis, electroplating, and other chemical processes. When electrolytes dissolve they release positive and negative ions. The released ions carry electric charges between electrodes, in the solution. Cations (a positively charged ion that migrates to the cathode, a negative electrode) carry positive electric charges toward the cathode. Anions carry negative electric charges toward the anode, positive electrode. Strong electrolytes release many ions and conduct electricity well. Weak electrolytes, like acetic acid, don¡¦t release many ions and conduct poorly. Non electrolytes, like sugar, release no ions and form non conducting solutions. A couple electrolytes conduct electricity as solids. These solid electrolytes have ions that can move and carry charges without solvents. There are two ways to be able to have ions that are able to conduct electricity, the dissociation of Ionic Compounds, and the Ionization of Polar Covalent Molecular Substances. The Dissociation of Ionic Compounds is where particles are ionically (electrically) bonded together. They already made out of cations and anions, but in their solid state the ions are locked into position in their crystal structure, and can¡¦t move around. When the ionic compound is dissolved into water the water molecules, which are polar,(having a positive and a negative end) will be attracted to the positive ions. This attraction of different charges will create tension in the crystal and it will overcome the attice (the arrangement of molecules in a crystalline solid) energy keeping the crystal in place.
battery. By applying voltage, a current is made and is passed along the lines to
A battery is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery usually consists of two or more cells connected in series or parallel, you can also have a single cell battery. All cells consist of a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. An electrolyte is a liquid substance capable of conducting electricity. In this substance one of the electrodes will react producing electrons, while the other will except electrons. When the electrodes are connected to a device to be powered, called a load, an electrical current flows.
In 1799, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta made the first battery by piling alternating layers of zinc, cloth, and silver. This procedure, called a voltaic pile, was not the first device to generateelectricity, but it was the first to release a steady, current. However, there were some shortcomings in Volta's creation. The pinnacle at which the layers could be arranged was restricted because the mass of the pile would squash the brine out of the cloth. The metal discs also tended to crumble quickly, reducing the life of the battery. Despite these deficiencies, the SI unit of electromotive force is now called a volt in honor of Volta's accomplishment.
The metal and the dioxide of lead are used in many types of batteries. Lead used to be found in ammunition, but is no longer used in ammunition today because lead bullets actually burst upon contact instead of go through the intended target. Therefore, people struck by these bullets get lead poisoning and suffer rather than them dying from impact or giving them the chance to fully recover. In addition, lead bullets are harmful to the environment. Lead was also used for plumbing purposes; especially in the roman times. It is also used to contain hazardous liquids due to its resistance to corrosion. Lead used to be used for an insolation for cables. This element was a key ingredient in pesticides which means it was consumed by humans before they found the alternative ingredient. Lead was used in many alloys and is actually still used today. Solder is an alloy composed of tin and lead. Most alloys contain 60% tin and 40%; on the other hand, plumbing materials use more lead. Plumber’s solder consists of a 50/50 composition of lead and
A battery is defined as the combination of one or more electrochemical cells and used to convert the stored chemical energy in to electrical energy.
The invention and development of the battery would have to be one of the most significant in human history. Without batteries, the world would be a very different place. Everything would be plugged in and nothing would be mobile. There are many types of batteries that work in many different ways, but they all have the same common goal of making lives easier. Some examples of these batteries are lithium-ion, lead-acid, and nickel-cadmium.
A fuel Cell is an Electrochemical Device which generates electrical power continuously as a gaseous fuel is electrochemically burnt in a continuous manner.
1. Electrons flow from the anode, the metal that is more chemically active (Steel screws), to the cathode, the metal that is less chemically active (Brass hardware).
Direct current only flows in one direction in a circuit. Because the polarity of a direct current voltage source is always the same the flow of current never changes direction. Batteries are one of the more common direct current voltage sources. Batteries are good because their voltage is fixed as well as their polarity. Direct current dose not always need to a constant voltage but it must always stay traveling in the same direction. There are such direct currents called varying and pulsating that change value but not direction.