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Medical advancements in world war 2
Medical advancements in world war 2
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Imagine you are on a battlefield. You hear screams and cries of pain, gunfire, and bombs exploding all around you. These sounds are a second thought at this point because you have grown used to the noise because it is constant. You don’t even smell rotting flesh anymore because your brain blocks the smell because it is so constant. All around you see people dropping as you keep going praying, not even to God at this point, that you can live another day. When suddenly you feel a sharp pain in your thigh. You fall to the ground and cry out in pain. You fall unconscious because your body can not handle the pain you are going through. You become conscious for a few seconds while you are in an ambulance taking you to the nearest hospital while the …show more content…
This was also the first time nurses were allowed to administer anesthetics to regular patients and soldiers who came right off the battlefield . This added tremendous value to the quality of care provided by the nurses and other medical staff during the war and also changed the speed by making the process faster that was required to keep up with all the wounded soldiers climbing in for treatment. According to the Army Nurse Corp Association, or the ANCA “American nurses served on shock, gas, orthopedic, and surgical specialty teams where they could be moved to the front lines in groups of five or six. These teams could help stabilize soldiers who otherwise would have to endure long evacuation processes to reach this type of care.” This changed the medical world when it came to surgeries. This meant surgeries that were fatal or impossible before the war suddenly became possible and less lethal because of the development of less toxic, morphine-derived anaesthesia type agents which helped reduce the amount of pain felt by the soldiers. This also allowed for safe surgeries because the tools and equipment that were used were cleaner which reduced infections, which in turn reduced the fatality rate of the soldiers and allowed for a cleaner more sanitary …show more content…
Meatball surgery is where field surgeons and doctors found the most wounded soldiers, it did not matter what side they were fighting on or who they were fighting against, civilian or soldier it did not matter. These doctors were on the front lines, they got the most wounded soldiers and put them back together long enough so they could be taken to a real hospital in a neutral zone. Without these doctors thousands or even possibly millions more people would have died, and without these new medical innovations, inventions, and discoveries such as anesthetics, these doctors wouldn’t have been able to do their jobs effectively or even at all
With advances in weaponry came an increase in deaths and major limb injuries. During WWI the primary action was to amputate the limb rather than try and salvage it. This was due to the little time nurses, surgeons and anaesthetists had with each patient in the field hospitals, because they were overrun by more than double their expected capacity. There-fore, surgeons had to choose which critical patients to treat first, resulting in 41,000 ampu-tees during the First World War, all in need of artificial limbs (Pensions, 1939).
Resection was a process that “involved cutting open the limb, sawing out the damaged bone, and then closing the incision” (Jones, 1). Resection allows the patient to keep his limbs but it requires a great ordeal of time and skill. This also contributed to the common practice of amputation during the war. But there were cases where surgeons did use this method. Terry J. Jones said in his NY Times article, “resections were used more frequently after surgeons learned that amputations had a much higher mortality rate” (Jones, 1). In another article by Corydon Ireland, it describes Mitchell Adam’s, a Harvard lecturer, grandfather who served as a volunteer surgeon during the Civil War. In the article, “Adams was not a champion of hasty amputations, but argued for excision and other limb-saving measures. And he describes the everyday pressures of a country practice in Framingham, Mass” (Ireland, 1). This meant that not all surgeons at the time only wanted to amputate but strived for alternate methods. This new knowledge shows that some surgeons were more dedicated to thinking about the well-being of their patients than others and this opens up to other possibilities that may have occurred during the war. This allows an image to come to mind of a surgeon diligently operating on a soldier with care and compassion. However, even though there may be many possibilities, we can’t truly know every event that occurs during a
Robinson, Victor, M.D. Victory Over Pain: A History of Anesthesia. New York: Henry Schuman, Inc., 1946.
Medical science had not yet discovered the importance of antiseptics in preventing infection. Water was contaminated and soldiers sometimes ate unripened or spoiled food. There weren’t always clean rags available to clean wounds. Because of frequent shortages of water, surgeons often went days without washing their hands or instruments. So now germs were passing from patient to patient.
During this period a deep cut could lead to infection, and the only treatment for infections was amputation and cauterization. However, hospitals and medical instruments were hardly if ever sanitized, so one could often come out of the hospital worse than when one went in (Bloodwiki). It was not uncommon for a person to survive a surgery only to be set upon by diseases such as hospital gangrene and septicaemia (Youngson 29). Youngson describes hospitals as “dark and overcrowded, ill-run and insanitary. It was not uncommon to see in the same ward, at the same time, cases of, (let us say) typhoid fever, erysipelas, pneumonia, rickets, dysentery; nor was it uncommon to see two patients in the same bed” (Youngson 24). Anesthesia was not used in surgeries until 1846, so prior to that the patient was completely conscious when they operated on him or her, unless the patient passed out from pain. Patients were uneager to be cut into while they were awake: “Dragged unwillingly or carried from the ward to the operating theatre by a couple of hospital attendants (in Edinburgh a large wicker basker was used for this purpose) the patient was laid on the operating table and if necessary strapped down” (Youngson 27). The tools used in surgeries can be seen here.
Another long term event was the Spanish-American War. Along with this war came a plauge of typhoid fever. Everyone needed the qualified Army nurses for the job. The surgeon requested and quickly received authority from congressionals to assign women nurses if they signed a contract. Due to the perfect performance of these female Army contract nurses, the United States military noticed it would be helpful to have a lot of trained nurses, who know military ideals, on call. This made the Army establish a forever standing Nurse Corps in the year
Medical Procedures of a Civil War surgeon. The routine of medical procedures during the Civil War are presented and how surgery developed during the Civil War. The article called “To Make Something Out of the Dying in This War,” by Shauna Devine, talks about the rise of medical science throughout and the experience of injured soldiers. The reading states Pvt. Charles McElroy of Connecticut was transferred from the Eleventh Army Corps Hospital to the Jarvis USA General Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. He was suffering from a wound to the left leg, received during the Battle of Gettysburg. The case report noted that the whole belly of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles had been carried away by the fragment of a shell. Due to the rise and advancement of
Because of the lack of knowledge about many ailments, many advances in hospitals were completed. Anesthetics were developed, as well as clinics for rehabilitation and new knowledge was gained on the matter of reconstructive surgery. As a result of scurvy, soldiers frequently required reconstructive bone and joint surgery, just to be able to walk again.
During the series of World War I, there had been problems but people had immediately found a solution. One out of the many solutions had included the struggle to find an antiseptic that worked, and solutions for transportation of injured soldiers. There had been multiple options for the transportation of the injured soldiers and controversy had struck the injured and medical staff. There had been many cases of death happening to soldiers whether it was by diseases or but initiating combat. During major surgeries, like getting bullets out of a limb or abdomen, there had been a series of blood transfusions and a process for those blood transfusions.
Substandard medical practices and incompetent medical staff operating during the Civil War are quite astounding. It is without doubt that over the last 150 years, the medical field has made profound advances compared to that of the third-rate medical practices of the mid-nineteenth century. If one only knew today’s medical practices as standard, they would find it shocking to know that it was once quite acceptable to practice such mediocre and unsanitary principles and procedures.
It was during this time that doctors and nurses, through experience also demonstrated that blood could be stored and then safely transferred from patient to patient saving countless soldiers’ lives.
Their goal was to provided the comfort and needs to help no matter who the soldier was; “Lacking professional training but endlessly resourceful, the volunteer nurses of the Civil War labored tirelessly to bring aid and comfort to the sick and wounded soldiers on both sides of the fighting” (Civil War Nurses, 1). They did the best they could with little information. They wanted to save the soldier’s life and they did all that they could to make this happen. Nurses were behind the scenes and they helped heal the soldiers back to
During the Civil War they really worked towards building more hospitals and it drove the nursing profession to grow and have a large demand for nurses, but they were more like volunteers, such as wives or mistresses who were following their soldier men. Being a war nursing at that time was seen as a job for the lower class and no “respectable” woman could be seen in a military hospital. During the Civil War Phoebe Levy Pember, a young widow, went north to the confederate capital of Richmond. She eventually ran the world’s largest hospital, where on an average day she would supervise the treatment of 15,000 patients who were cared for by nearly 300 slave women. The war then led to a greater respect for nurses which was noticed by Congress. They then passed a bill providing pensions to Civil War nurses, but more importantly this led to the profe...
Although students were not allowed in the recovery unit, I was able to talk to one of the recovery nurses. I learned that a nurse’s duty of care includes monitoring the patient’s vital signs and level of consciousness, and maintaining airway patency. Assessing pain and the effectiveness of pain management is also necessary. Once patients are transferred to the surgical ward, the goal is to assist in the recovery process, as well as providing referral details and education on care required when the patient returns home (Hamlin, 2010).
The First World War of 1914 through 1918 was the beginning of new era of medical innovations and advancements that were infrequently glorified and somewhat held in high prestige. Beginning in the earlier stages of the war, there was uncertainty in hygienic medical practices and education through notable doctors expertise unfamiliar. Therefore, in the later stages of the war, developing medical knowledge emerged through an increasing need for doctors. Evidently a noteable doctor, Harvey Williams Cushing, aspired to be a change for surgeons and first aid responders in the war. From 1905 on, Harvey Williams Cushing, advanced neurosurgery through a series of operations through his writings. Cushing led a pathway to a team of doctors who perpetually enhanced the performance of medical care today.