Anatomy & Physiology of the case scenario
Having described the scenario, this essay will now focus on the anatomy and physiology during Laura’s third stage. After the delivery of her baby, Laura’s uterus continued to contract and retract due to the effect of oxytocin on the myometrium. Herman (2000) and Herman et al. (2002) describe the placental separation in three stages; latent, contraction/detachment and expulsion. During the latent phase Laura’s myometrium begun to contract and retract. During the contraction/detachment phase Laura’s myometrium continued to contract and retract. Therefore, the surface area decreased under the placenta and it detached from the spongy layer of the decidua, consequently exposing the maternal spiral arteries. During the expulsion phase, Laura’s placenta descended into her lower uterine segment and the membranes peeled away from the walls of her uterus. With further contractions of her uterus, Laura’s placenta and membranes descended into her vagina and expelled from it.
Johnson and Taylor (2010) explain that the control of haemorrhage is essential during third stage, as the placenta’s circulation is approximately 500-800 ml/minute at term. Laura’s
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The WHO (1992) defines midwives as autonomous practitioners, accountable for the care they provide. The NMC Code (2015) further explains that the role of the autonomous midwife is to deliver client centred care by supporting women to make informed choices regarding their care. Also to protect and support the birth process holistically and to deliver safe, effective and evidence based care to women. This can be achieved by creating a patient centred plan of care with the woman by taking into account her and her family’s goals and preferences, clinical evidence and biological, psychological and sociological factors
In most hospital delivery rooms, the doctors will routinely clamp and sever the umbilical cord with in fifteen to thirty seconds of the mother giving birth. When clamping the cord, the doctors will clamp the cord in two places, one close to the infant and then again in the middle of the cord another clamp. By delaying the clamping, fetal blood in the placental transfusion can provide the infant with an additional thirty percent more blood volume and up to sixty percent more blood cells (McDonald, S., & Middleton, P., 2009). This reduces the risk of the hemorrhaging that could occur after birth. But with new ongoing studies, it is said that by delaying the clamping of the cor...
In conclusion the first stage of giving birth consists of contractions that will help get the baby's head into the birth canal and get ready for delivery, along with the cervix thinning out and dilation increasing. During the second stage you will begin to push the baby out. As the tissue starts to stretch, you might experience “the ring of fire”. Shortly after the stretching the baby's head will be out and then its body. The final stage is quick and almost effortless. Delivering the placenta should take about five to ten minutes. Therefore, there are three stages to giving birth according to BabyCentre including contractions, pushing, and delivering the placenta.
Throughout history mankind has come up with some wonderful inventions and innovations, but out of all the creations by far the most beautiful and precious is human birth. I first developed an interest in nursing and in particular midwifery years ago. I believe it is a great service within the health profession because of the privileged position to assist in human childbirth. The word midwife means with woman. Centuries before obstetricians delivered babies, midwifes assisted women in having at home births. But it was only formally established as a profession in the early 1900’s. A nurse-midwife is a registered nurse that specializes in midwifery. The job of midwife is to assist in family planning and birth control advice, provide general gynecological services (such as pap smears and breast exams), aid women in childbirth, and help women by providing prenatal and postpartum care. Nurse-midwives are required to have a Master’s of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree and pass the American College of Nurse Midwifery (ACNM) board examination to obtain certification.
Firstly, my name is Amal Abdi, I am seventeen years old and currently attend Bsix College where I am a full time student; working hard to gain my level three diploma in health and social care. This essay is going to identify my career aspirations and the skills required to fulfil my dream of becoming a midwife it will also highlight my values,practice and also my beliefs .
...o find a balance between interventional and non-interventional birth. With this being said, I also understand that there are strict policies and protocols set in place, which I must abide to as a healthcare provider, in any birth setting. Unfortunately, these guidelines can be abused. Christiane Northrup, MD, a well recognized and respected obstetrician-gynecologist has gone as far as to tell her own daughters that they should not give birth in a hospital setting, with the safest place being home (Block, 2007, p. xxiii). Although I am not entirely against hospital births, I am a firm believe that normal, healthy pregnancies should be fully permissible to all midwives. However, high-risk pregnancies and births must remain the responsibility of skilled obstetricians. My heart’s desire is to do what is ultimately in the best interest of the mother, and her unborn child.
Serving as the first stage of life, the prenatal and natal phase is the most critical period in relation to ensuring a healthy, lifelong development in a child. During pregnancy, the placenta works to transfer oxygen and nutrients from
Deering, S.H. (2004). Abruptio placentae. Department of obstetrics and gynecology: Madigan army medical center, 2, 3.
Pairman,S., Tracy, S., Thorogood, C., & Pincombe, J. (2013). Theoretical frameworks for midwifery practice. Midwifery: Preparation for practice.(2nd ed, pp. 313-336). Chatswood, N.S.W. : Elsevier Australia
This is where a tube attached to a vacuum is inserted into the uterus and sucks out the embryo and all other material. The second type takes place after the 15th week and is called saline infusion. Here, the doctors replace a little fluid with a salt solution. This causes the uterus to contract. The fetus is then expelled. The third type is a hysterotomy.
Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is generally defined as a blood loss of more than 500 mL after a vaginal birth, more than 1000 mL after a cesarean section, and a ten percent decrease in hematocrit levels from pre to post birth measurements (Ward & Hisley, 2011). An early hemorrhage occurs within 24 hours of birth, with the greatest risk in the first four hours. A late hemorrhage happens after 24 hours of birth but less than six weeks after birth. Uterine atony—failure for the uterine myometrium to contract—is the most common postpartum hemorrhage (Venes, Ed.).(2013). Other etiologies include lower genital tract lacerations, uterine inversion, retained products of conception and bleeding disorders (Kawamura, Kondoh, Hamanishi, Kawasaki, & Fujita, (2014).
Chances are that terms such as “midwife” and “home birth” conjure up for you old-fashioned images of childbirth. These words may bring to mind scenes from old movies, but you’re not likely to associate them with the modern image of childbirth. Do you know anyone who has had a midwife-assisted birth or a home birth? Would you consider one?
Some of these compounds can form a cell and the cells form humans. The cells are considered the smallest functional unit of the body therefore if we use the cell as the starting point:
Only viable fetuses are monitored, because no obstetric intervention will alter the outcome of a pre-viable fetus. Determination of fetal viability is subject to institutional variation: an estimated gestational age of 20 - 26 weeks and an estimated fetal weight of 500g. Are commonly used thresholds of viability. Therefore, patients who have minor trauma and who are at less than 20 weeks gestation do not require specific intervention or monitoring. All pregnant women beyond 20 weeks’ gestation should undergo a minimum of 4 - 24 hours, and in some cases as long as 48 hours of monitoring. Fetal distress may be the first sign of maternal hemodynamic compromise and fetal distress, and to identify possible placenta abruption.
Anatomy and Physiology The term homeostasis is used to mean maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment in the organism. Essentially all of the organs and tissues of the body perform functions that help to maintain these constant conditions. For instance, the lungs provide oxygen to the extra cellular fluid to replenish oxygen that is being used by the cells; the kidneys maintain constant ion concentrations and the gastrointestinal system provides nutrients. Not all substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract can be used in their absorbed form by the cells.
In Germany, if a child is born, the first words it will probably hear, are: “It’s a boy!”, or “It’s a girl!” After this, its life will be determined by the expectations the society have of its gender. Our anatomy determines how we act socially, which profession we will probably take, on which institutions we could use, which people we should marry. We are raised with the thought, that a certain anatomy comes along with a particular identity. But should our anatomy determine our fate?