Afro-Cuban Music
African music has had a major influence on Cuban culture beginning in the early 1550’s through slave trade. Thousands of slaves were brought to Spain in the 1400’s and eventually migrated to Cuba. Since these “Ladinos” were accustomed to Spanish culture and language, they easily were able to get by in Cuba and even escape slavery. As a result, Slave owners in Cuba brought more slaves directly from Africa. In 1526, a Royal Decree allowed slaves to buy their freedom, resulting in increased interaction and ethnic mixing among Cubans and Africans. All aspects of both cultures began to blend, especially among working class Cubans and Africans. Music became a common bond between the two groups
Dance is just as important and music in Afro-Cuban Culture. The music is made to be danced to, and most of the popular Cuban dances that exist today are of African decent. The most popular are the rumba, danzon, and son. Especially among the working class poor, dancing and music was simply a way to blow off steam and have a good time.
The rumba is a dance and music genre that originated in Cuba in the mid 1800s. It has often been compared with North American blues, as it was a vehicle of protest and expression among the working class poor of places of Cuban and African decent. The rumba is a combination of percussion and vocal ensemble, and was often a community event where many were encouraged to participate.
There are three kinds of rumba, all having a similar rhythm but varying tempos. The Yambu, a couples dance, has a moderate tempo and is danced side-by- side. It is commonly enjoyed by older people due to its slower tempo. A more modern version is the Guaguanco, also a couples dance, with a faster tempo. It contai...
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...en very sexual but also chauvinistic. Cuban men are often labeled of being chauvinists.
Last is the danzon, with more Spanish origin that African. It consists of an orquesta made up of cornets, saxophones, clarinets and percussion. The horns make the danzon easily distinguishable from the rumba and son. In the middle of the danzon there is a percussion break, in which everyone begins to dance. It is a more respectable, less provocative dance with a much slower tempo. It was danced by the more upper class Cubans as opposed to the son and rumba, which were working-class dances.
These three music groups and dances were key in blending the African and Cuban cultures. Many aspects of both cultures have mixed to make not just Afro-Cuban culture, but Cuban Culture. As many Cubans are light skinned, it is easy to forget how slave trade helped to mix the two together.
The tradition still takes place today in many areas of Mexico. However, some parts of Mexico do the dance a little differently. The dance is more common in the central regi...
Ross, Karl. "Bachata: The Other Dance Music - Once Confined to Girlie Bars and Brothels, the Dominican Republic's Bachata Is Making Inroads in the Latin Music Mainstream." Billboard - The International Newsweekly of Music, Video and Home Entertainment Apr 28 2001: Sec Latin Music 6,Pack: LM-36. ProQuest. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.
A type of “transplanted musical traditions” that has been brought to the United States that is from Mexico that I know of is called “Jarabe Tapatio” or also known as the “Mexican Hat Dance.” This type of music and dance is performed by Mariachi and is a tradition that has been preserved by Mexican migrants who have migrated to the United States. The “Jarabe Tapatio” or “Mexican Hat Dance” is known for dancing around the guy’s hat known as “Sombrero.” This dance has been kept in the Hispanic culture and transplanted by doing celebrations on dates that are significant to Mexican migrants.
In the 16th century African slaves began to introduce cultural dances such as the Caterere, the Embolada, the Batuque, and the Lundu to name a few.
Carols Quinto created asientos which were contracts which gave people rights to the slave trade. He promoted slave trade for the money that he was able to bring back to Spain. This had a huge impact on the African population in Mexico, by 1553 the African population reached 20,000. In 1646 the African population reached 35,809, at this time there were more Africans in Mexico than there were Europeans up until 1810 (Wycoff, Aug 17th-19th). Africans contributed a lot to Mexico and you can still see this evident in Mexico today. The Africans brought a lot of musical influence, they introduced the mbira, lamellopene, and marimba. The types of music the Africans brought over to Mexico are still being played such as the song La Bamba. (Wycoff, Aug 17th-19th). The Africans also created a corrido, which is a ballad form in which they were able to communicate about slave uprises. The first documented slave rebellion was in 1537. Due to the slave uprises Palenque's (established slave run away communities) were created. In 1822 slavery was abolished by Vicente Guerro, it wasn't until 1829 that slavery was completely gone (Wycoff, Aug 17th-19th). You can see the evolution of African influence by looking at Vincente who was a president in Mexico, he was part African, and Jose Maria Morelose y Pavon, a revolutionary leader, who was also part African. There are many afromexicans now due to the mass population of Africans in Mexico (Wycoff, Aug
All around the world, there are thousands of cultures. Although they are different, every culture partakes in dance. Dancing is something known worldwide. Every culture has traditional cultural dancing they partake in. Mexico has many cultural dances. La danza del venado is one traditional dance from Northern Mexico. La danza del venado, is known as the deer dance.
Merengue and bachata are among the most popular music genres of the Dominican Republic. Merengue emerged as a pan-Caribbean genre in the 19th century. Until the 20th century, merengue was embraced as a national symbol and has then widespread throughout Latin America. Dominican merengue reflects a fusion of African and European elements. The dance moves are African derived esthetic. While, the melodies and ballroom dances are due to European influences Dominican Republic once encounter (3).
Music is essential to any culture. Its a vital part of being human and can significantly impact our lives. No matter where one is from, music is an escape that everyone seeks because they can relate to it. This social link keeps us tied to the world, even with different cultures and languages. Afro-Latinos have helped shape the music in America, many times with help from other cultures. Many types of music Hispanics have produced have impacted the United States. One of these types of music is named Bachata. Hispanics in the US have helped shape bachata, even though it originated in the Dominican Republic. With its profound lyrics many can relate to, its catchy rhythm and simple dance, bachata is as popular in the US as it is in Central America. In the 1980s and 1990s, the growing Dominican population in the United States became an important fan base for bachata. Dominican Yorks influence of traditional bachata with the artistic and cultural diversity of life in New York, making bachata one of the fastest growing music genres of the 21st century (Pacini Hernandez.)
Music played a very important role in the lives of people is diaspora communities. It served as a reminder for the immigrants of their homeland, which allowed them to proudly express their national and cultural identities. Diaspora refers to an international network of communities linked together by the identification of a common ancestral homeland and culture. People in these communities are no longer living in their homelands, with no guarantee of a return either. (Bakan, 19). Music played a large role in African diaspora communities. This was first started by the slave trades many years ago when slave traders traveled to the coast of West Africa to capture Africans and brought them back to the United States to be slaves on plantations. Slaves were more prone to loose a sense of their own culture because every new aspect of their lives was forced upon them, therefore they were undoubtedly forced to abandon their n...
As the Hispanic Caribbean has evolved it has managed to grow and thrive beyond belief, whether one is discussing art, music or just the culture alone the Hispanic Caribbean is truly reaping the benefits of allowing themselves to be influenced by many other cultures. While the Hispanic Caribbean is thriving they are still facing the many new found struggles that come along with the territory of becoming more affluent as well as more accepting to other cultures and their beliefs. Often with the growth of large proportions comes many problems, problems also can come about when incorporating of different cultures as a whole as well as just bringing in their beliefs and mannerisms. None the less it can be argued that the struggles being faced in
In New York, the dance is characterized with a heavy Puerto Rican rhythm and sound. The type of Salsa is metaphorically polished and smooth. Its structure is that of Jazz music with lengthy breaks of instruments. Some of well-known musicians who play this type of Salsa are Celia Cruz and The Spanish Harlem Orchestra. The dancing borrows Puerto Rican fast foot work. This type of Salsa is known as Salsa 2. Los Angeles doesn’t have its signature type of Salsa. Bands here adopt the classical Puerto Rican music. The dancing moves are both exciting and sexy. In Cuba, they dance to a type of Salsa Timba. The movement is fast as in Afro Cuban music. Cuban Musicians have blended in the popular Reggae and Pop music in between the breaks. The dancing style is called “Casino” simply because when it was started it was played in gambling joints or casinos. One notable difference is that Cuban Salsa is circular rather than linear. The man keeps moving around the woman. The Colombians have maintained their Salsa Dura up-to-date. The dancing style is spectacular with swift movement of feet and tight spins. The dancers stay close; bodies almost touching. The West Africans also have their Salsa. (Carwile, 2017)Traditional music instruments are relied upon to give the rhythm. The dancing style is what they call Salsa Mbalax more African than
Dance was also a big part in the music of West Africa. Dance was performed at ceremonies surrounding fertility, death, worship, adulthood, and other kind of certain concerns of the village.
According to his review of A Guide to Latin American Music by Gilbert Chase, Charles Seeger describes Chase’s description of the music culture, “The quantitative distribution of more than 2700 entries, which include some multiple listing, is interesting” (Seeger, 1946, 304). Chase explains a plethora of countries in Latin America and their specific musical features. Furthermore, thanks to his detailed work, the reader can see how many common features can be seen. Firstly, a common feature among all genres is the use of aerophones. The aerophones used could include, panpipes of various varieties, flutes, trumpets (as seen at the Boogat performance in Ottawa) and many more. Another common feature among all the genres is a strong rhythmic presence. In essentially all Latin American music, a steady, metrical rhythmic quality can be heard keeping the music energetic and easy to follow. To keep the rhythm, another common feature to Latin American culture is the drum. Most commonly found in the Afro-Latin genre, as a result of influence from African culture, can be seen throughout Latin America. A popularized western form of this type of music, is that of mariachi. Finally, Latin American culture is known for its vibrancy in their music. The music is generally quite expressive of feelings, strong moral messages found in protest songs, and their colorful, elaborate
Music is a form of communication, letting others knows what is going on in the country, political, social or economic and any other problems the people of the Caribbean faced. With so many different ethnic backgrounds in the Caribbean, they are people with Asians, Indians, and Africans descents. This created a language and culture barrier but each ethnic background shared a common link music. Music bridged the gap between the different ethnicities Music is part of everyone’s culture especially here in the Caribbean. Our culture is recognized worldwide for its music. The Caribbean has different genres of music such as calypso, reggae, dance hall, zouk and many others. Our music has roots in both African and European cultures. The drum rhythm comes from the African in...
Music has played a role in society since the dawn of man. Said to be the beginning of communication in early civilization, music and dance have influenced how we think, act and treat members of our own society. Song and dance is used in rites of passage ceremonies such as births, weddings and funerals throughout the world. Jamaican and Yoruba cultures have made many contributions to our society. The uses of this music as a vehicle for political issues, values, and beliefs have been used by many musicians from different cultures. I intend to discuss the Contribution of these two contemporary cultures music and their effect on society.