2.0 Introduction
For nearly sixty years, a seemingly irreversible momentum towards integration within the framework of the European Union has, for many, defined the future of the continent. On 23 June 2016, the electorate of the United Kingdom made a sovereign choice to leave the EU. After the British decision to leave, Europe’s trajectory, even its destiny, has again become a matter of choice. Brexit marks both a major constitutional change for the UK and a significant rupture for the EU. If only for this reason, the negotiation of the terms of Brexit must take a long-term view, beyond the possibly drawn-out negotiations that will begin in the coming months.
Brexit is an abbreviated form of saying the United Kingdom leaving the European
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Each of these agencies has a specific technical, scientific or managerial task. EU agencies can be grouped into several categories. Decentralised agencies Agencies are bodies governed by European public law, but they are distinct from the EU institutions (Parliament, Council, Commission, etc.) and have their own legal personality. They have offices in different cities all over Europe, which is why they are often referred to as ‘decentralised'. They may deal with tasks of a legal and scientific nature. Examples are the Plant Variety Office, in Anger in France, which establishes rights to new plant varieties, or the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, in Lisbon in Portugal, which analyses and disseminates information on drugs and drug addiction. Three supervisory bodies help to enforce rules for financial institutions and thereby preserve the stability of Europe's financial system. They are the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance, and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Regulator. Other agencies help the EU Member States to cooperate in the fight against organised international crime. An example is Europol, based in The Hague in the Netherlands, which provides a platform for law enforcement officers from the EU countries to work together. They help each other to identify and track the most dangerous criminal and terrorist networks in Europe. Three agencies carry out very specific tasks within the framework of the European Union's common foreign and security policy. The European Union Satellite Centre, in Torrejón de Ardoz in Spain, is such an agency; it uses information from earth- observation satellites in support of EU decision-making in foreign and security matters. Euratom agencies and bodies These bodies work within the framework of the
There are a number of methods EU legislation is formed for instance regulations, directives and decisions are three different types of EU legislation. I am going to briefly explain these three as the way they will be enforced are different.
In 2012, President Obama introduced the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program for young people who had been residing in the United States at least five years prior to the bill’s passing. DACA was the most significant provision from the Obama administration that aimed to help undocumented youth be integrated in the American society. It protected them from deportation and allowed them to obtain a state identification, work permit, and Social Security number. The immigrant communities celebrated this bill as it had been a long time since there was a significant change in the country’s immigration policy. However, the current administration and government pose a serious threat to the beneficiaries of the DACA program as well as
”Examine the extent to which the benefits of UK membership in the European Union outweigh the costs”
After the Declaration of Independence, U.S. became a nation but didn 't have a government to guide the nation. People, the early settlers, suffered by the excessive power of the Monarch so they wanted to incorporate the ideas of ordered government, limited government, and the representative government. Based on these ideas the Article of Confederation was created. Although it was too weak and inadequate to manage all of the states. As the weakness became palpable, the nation required stronger government system and that 's when the Constitution was created as it saved the nation from the crisis. One thing that made the creation of the Constitution possible was the Great Compromise, which was
In the 1600’s there was the foundations of representative government. In the 1600’s the colonists came up with something called a democracy. A democracy is a government in which people rule themselves. The colonists had voted for many certain laws. They ruled themselves by using the laws of society. The carter named “Magna Carta” was a character of liberties which was agreed by King John of England, it had made the king obey the same laws as the citizens. Protestantism is a branch within Christianity; this was mostly participated during the 16th century. These were people who had reformed certain practices in the Catholic churches. On November 11, 1620 the Mayflower Compact was signed. The Mayflower Compact is a legal contract which was agreed to have fair laws to protect the good.
For this reason, the Commission is referred as the “guardian of the Treaties” or “watchdog” of the EU. Moreover, the decisions made by the Parliament and the Council must be made on the basis of the proposals given by the Commission.
On June 23, 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the European Union, raising many questions about the future of clinical trials. However, Brexit wasn’t the beginning of the conversation, and it certainly isn’t the end.
To start with, what is the meaning of the Single Market? According to European Commission website, Single Market indicates the EU as one territory that has no internal borders or any other controlling complications that lead to the free movement of booth services and goods (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017). According to the same source, single market has great benefits. It encourages competition and trade, increases efficiency, promotes quality, as well as helps in cutting the prices. In addition, the same source considers the European Single Market as one of the EU’s ultimate accomplishments that powered the economic growth and made the everyday life of European businesses and consumers easier (The European Single Market - European Commission, 2017).
Peterson, J. and Shackleton, M. 2002. The institutions of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The EU is a union of sovereign European states who share sovereignty based on treaty. The union also possesses competences in policy sectors with exclusive jurisdiction in the area of Economic and Monetary Union while others are shared with Member States (MS), the other powers belong to MS as derived from the conferral of powers art 5(2) TEU, 2(1) TFEU art.3 & 4 TFEU additionally other powers have been offered by the decisions of the European Court for direct effect on citizens
Firstly the EC; secondly, inter-governmental co-operation (i.e. between national governments) in foreign and security policy and the third pillar being inter-governmental co-operation in justice and home affairs. In the second and third pillars policy decisions are made by unanimous cooperation between members and cannot be enforced. Therefore for the most part, the governing institutions of the EC pillar have limited input in these pillars. The European Commission does much of the day-to-day work in the European Union and is the driving force in the Union's institutional system.
Europe will not run the 21st century because of a combination of economic, institutional, and cultural factors. However, for the purpose of this paper, I will focus on the economic aspects of European society that will impede EU ascendency. I do not believe that the EU will cease to exist in the coming century, but I do believe it will become obsolete because it will be unable to make the necessary changes to their demographic problems, defense policies, and economic culture in response to the increasing American ascendency. Europe has long been known as the continent home to the great powers of the world. From Caesar to Napoleon to the British Empire, the European empires have continuously been at the helm of the ship of progress. The wars of the 20th century however, left Europe in a wake of destruction and chaos period before. The continent was devastated and had little hope to recover. In this new era of European descent, the great American Era came into existence. The US, one of the remaining superpowers, became the helping hand that Europe needed. With the aid allocated by the Marshall Plan and the creation of programs and institutions, Europe had a future. The creation of the European Union (EU) united the European countries over the common goal of preventing war another war. The United States intended for these programs to be a stepping-stone to build the economic and institutional powers of Europe, because a stronger Europe was good for the US. However, instead of using these as a springboard to create self-reliant union, the EU remains reliant on US military and hard power to support them their social efforts.
Senior, Nello Susan. "Chapters:4,15." The European Union: Economics, Policies and History. London: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print.
...he squatter camps of the city which they are living. Moreover slums are also the source of all kinds of social evils such as drugs and prostitution because of the lowest security.
It is clear that talks about Brexit will not end quickly, and most important question is, what will happen in future. Well it could be claimed that is three different endings how this situation could end. Firstly one of the scenario is that Brexit happened and the U.K. completely leaves EU. In that case firstly British currency, the pound sterling, will fall down even more, than in the start after referendum. Also it will have consequences not only in Britain but also in the hole world, for example , some other countries, will see how Britain left European Union, and they will also will spoke to leave EU. So British leaving EU will have wide ranging repercussions on the other countries who look into EU skeptically also it will help Euro-skeptic