We hear people say, “She is addicted to drugs.”, “I play video game the whole day, am addicted to it.”, or even “He is addicted to piano, he cannot live without it!” The definition of addiction is in controversy due to its expansion of its categorization. The word was originally used to denote chronic brain functioning and mental disorder which involves loss of behavior control triggered by substances such as drug. However, recent studies suggest to include behavior addiction, since they recognize that particular behaviors seem to show symptoms and mechanisms that is similar to what are caused by addictive substances. Moreover, the word is sometimes frankly used to negatively describe individuals who devote to particular activities, but I claim …show more content…
Many sources including: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Edition (ICD-11), American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), and American Society of Addiction Medicine’s (ASAM), quote substance addiction to denote the word addiction. For instance, ASAM defines addiction as a chronic disease of brain reward, motivation and memory which cause dysfunction in biology, psychology, society and spirit (Smith 1). The characterized symptoms include inability to abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving for rewarding experiences, diminished recognition of substantial personal and interpersonal problems and a dysfunctional emotional response (Smith 3). The definition includes the chronic, relapsing features of the disease, symptoms of loss of inhibitor control, dependence, and compulsion and adverse impact on individuals and society. Therefore, substance addiction is included in the definition of addiction. Furthermore, drug and alcohol addiction have been recognized for a long time; they are continuously included in DSM since its first edition in 1952 (Baysinger 1). Since all the detailed definitions provided by these authoritative associations are supported by significant clinical data and research, mental disorder caused by …show more content…
Dr. Barry J Everutt at the Department of Psychology and Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute in University of Cambridge mentions that researchers recognizing some similar features between addiction and disorders involving compulsive behavior such as compulsive eating or gambling (465). In fact, DSM-5 included gambling as a source of addictive disorder together with the other addictive substances but differed other behaviors such as Internet use, compulsive sexual behavior. The reason to APA’s conclusion was that gambling had enough in common with substance addictions whereas others had insufficient evidence (Grant 301). On the other hand, ICD-11 attempted to expand its categorization but they did not. DSM-5 is aimed to provide a common research and clinical language to mental health problems whereas ICD-11 is meant for clinical utility in broad range of settings, global applicability, and scientific validity. Although the conservative categorization of the definition of addiction provided in ICD-11, I consider that more behaviors should be included as addictive behaviors as long as there are sufficient data and pieces of evidence to prove that there are commonalities of symptoms and
“Pathological gambling is medically defined in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) as being unable to resist impulses to gamble, which can lead to severe personal or social consequences.” (ICDC College, 2014)
One of the first points mentioned in this article is how not very many years ago, gambling was not generally regarded as an addiction but rather a compulsion or an impulse-control-disorder. This controversy between people went on for a long period of time because people were not thoroughly sure what was causing the brain to become so attached to gambling. The way this attachment works involves the
There are many different definitions in which people provide regarding addiction. May (1988) describes that addiction “is a state of compulsion, obsession, or preoccupation that enslaves a person’s will and desire” (p. 14). Individuals who suffer from addiction provide their time and energy toward other things that are not healthy and safe. The book
Addiction has been defined as "A primary, chronic disease, characterized by impaired control over the use of a psychoactive substance and/or behavior. Clinically, the manifestations occur along biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual dimensions (2)." While there is currently no category for video game addiction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3), which is the manual utilized to diagnose psychological disorders, video game addicts are often described by clinicians in the field as displaying many symptoms characteristic of other addictions. These behaviors include failure to stop playing games, difficulties in work or school, telling lies to loved ones, decreased attention to personal hygiene, decreased attention to family and friends, and disturbances in the sleep cycle (4). Withdrawal symptoms can even include behaviors as severe as shaking (5).
The biopsychosocial model of addiction theorizes that crossing biological, psychological and social and systemic properties are essential features of health and
George F. Koob defines addiction as a compulsion to take a drug without control over the intake and a chronic relapse disorder (1). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association defined "substance dependence" as a syndrome basically equivalent to addiction, and the diagnostic criteria used to describe the symptoms of substance dependence to a large extent define compulsion and loss of control of drug intake (1). Considering drug addiction as a disorder implies that there are some biological factors as well as social factors.
Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Addiction is normally thought of as drug abuse and alcoholism but people can also be addicted to things such as gambling and sex as well. The controversy on if addiction is a disease or a choice is a continuous debate. Everyone has an opinion on this topic, one side believes it’s a disease, while the other believes it is a choice. Although addiction has been assumed to be a lack of willpower and a weakness, addiction is actually a complex disease that changes the wiring of the brain. Addiction is a brain disease expressed in the form of compulsive behavior (Leshner.) Both devolping
The availability of computers and Internet access allows colleges to reach all students and create special intervention programs. Sharma and Kanekar argue, “Changing the attitudes of college students to binge drinking was attempted by persuasive messages via the world wide web”(4). For example, at the beginning of every year, some colleges include within their Internet orientation a required short informational video on responsible drinking to help new or existing students. Colleges are challenged to intervene and inform the student of the consequences of extreme drinking and create an environment that promotes early interventions (Sharma and Kanekar 5). Students are encouraged to seek, use campus resources, and participate in counseling.
Sinha, K. (2004). Factors Contributing to the Development of Pathological Gambling. Rochester: Rochester Institute of Technology.
What happens behind closed doors at colleges and universities is a mystery to most people. In the United States, the most frequent thing happening behind closed doors is binge drinking. Binge drinking is the rapid consumption of alcoholic beverages and it is seen and a widespread issue among colleges. Quick consumptions of drinks can result in poisoning and death along with many more safety and health issues. College students also feel very rebellious when it comes to drinking before they are twenty-one. An effective way to reduce binge drinking and the issues involved with it such as death and drunk driving, the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Doing this would help to calm down the college population.
Binge drinking has become a huge phenomenon that people fail to acknowledge. Many people feel that underage binge drinking has increase while others might disagree saying that underage drinking has decrease. The truth is binge drinking has been misrepresentative and the definition has been changed over the course of years. What most would consider to not be binge drinking in the past, is now consider to be binge drinking in the present. Binge drinking is a serious problem in today’s society that affecting the physically, mentally, and emotionally well beings of today generation of kids. It is an epidemic that need to come to an end.
Chapter 14 and the DSM IV defines substance abuse as “a maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances” (Ashman, 4th edition 2013, pg. 442).
How can someone become so addicted to throwing their money away when they are already broke? This seems like an unreasonable question that is asked too often. Gambling becomes an addiction when it interferes with the regular lifestyle of someone or those close to him or her. Jeanne Seaga, Ph.D., Melinda Smith, M.A., and Lawrence Robinson say a gambler will withdraw from loved ones, sneak around, lie, and borrow or even steal money. Many people know of someone who gambles at a casino that does not know when to quit. It is easy to keep putting money into a slot machine to try and make back the difference lost. Gambling can potentially become dangerous, leading to family issues and financial breakdowns. Luckily, there are solutions to gambling that can mend broken relationships and bring a balanced income back into the picture for recovering addicts.
Drug abuse has been a hot topic for our society due to how stimulants interfere with health, prosperity, and the lives of others in all nations. All drugs have the potential to be misapplied, whether obtained by prescription, over the counter, or illegally. Drug abuse is a despicable disease that affects many helpless people. Majority of those who are beset with this disease go untreated due to health insurance companies who neglect and discriminate this issue. As an outcome of missed opportunities of treatments, abusers become homeless, very ill, or even worst, death.
Raise your hand if you’re one of 44% of Americans that sleep next to their phones at every night. It’s true, so many of us are dependent on our mobile devices, that psychologists are now calling it the “Invisible Addiction”! Since its invention critics have debated every inch of the cell phone. From its usefulness and size, to its effects on health after prolonged usage. The conversation has since shifted. The cell phone market today is flooded with a plethora devices to choose from, sporting top of the line materials and industry leading software, but this just scratches the surface. With over 968 million worldwide smartphone sales in 2013, consumers are feeding into the latest technology that the market has to offer. Though they may become