I will be discussing a clinical case involving a 45-year-old grocery sales clerk experiencing a urinary disorder addressing issues such as: factors that could have been responsible for developing the stones; his water intake, diet, evaluation of the composition of the calculi; the outcome of test results for his WBC, blood calcium levels, CT scan, and X-ray; and the best treatment plan to prevent recurrence of post-treatment.
Discuss possible factors that may have been responsible for the development of the stone and use this case to show how the patient's diet and water intake can help analyze the composition of the calculi.
Precipitation happens in the urinary passages, however the crystals are typically held in the lower calyx of the kidney. A crystalline deposit develops into a crystalline concretion when under the process of a surface energy resulting in the development of calculi.
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Although, all indications point to an infection if there the WBC count is extremely high and could result in urinary sepsis that would have to be treated with antibiotics (Mayo Clinic, 2017). However, blood calcium levels may be elevated above 300mg/day if the parathyroid is analyzed for hyperactivity ruling it out. Urinary calculi are made up of calcium making them more detectable on a KUB depending on their size if it is less then 2 mm, but if the stone is uric acid it would make it undetectable in the KUB since it is radiolucent (Endocrine Diseases, 2017). It appears that an accurate evaluation determining urinary calculi is by means of a CT scan. It is able to be conducting quickly using the spiral or helical cuts when taking images of the entire urinary tract. It helps identify other possibilities of pain near the kidneys if there are no stones found. As for a standard x-ray of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters it could help to identify stones since they are visible on x-rays (NHS,
A 54 year old female was presented with complaints of lethargy, excessive thirst and diminished appetite. Given the fact that these symptoms are very broad and could be the underlying cause of various diseases, the physician decided to order a urinalysis by cystoscope; a comprehensive diagnostic chemistry panel; and a CBC with differential, to acquire a better understanding on his patient health status. The following abnormal results caught the physician’s attention:
The anatomy of the knee contains the femur, tibia and the patella. There are four main ligaments within the knee. Those ligaments are called medial collateral (mcl), lateral collateral (lcl), anterior cruciate (acl) and posterior cruciate (pcl). The anterior cruciate ligament (acl) is in the middle of the knee and prevents the shin from sliding. An anterior cruciate ligament tear is the most common harmed ligament, undergoing an estimate of 200,000 happenings yearly. Typically individuals who play sports such as football, basketball, skiing or soccer experience this injury.
Kidneys play an important role in the unary tract. They are located on each side of the spine, just below the ribcage. Each kidney is connected to the bladder by ureters. The kidneys have many functions, but the most common functions are to clean waste, control chemicals, and regulate fluid in the body which makes up the urine. Urine collects in the kidney before entering the ureters and as time passes more materials are added. When calcium and oxalate or phosphates are combined in the kidney tiny stones are formed called nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones. These stones can be very painful and “increases risks for diabetes, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis” (Goldfarb, 2009). About ten percent of all people will have kidney stones in their lifetime. Kidney stones are most frequently found in white men over the age of forty, relatives of kidney stone patients, and people who have formerly had kidney stones.
The topic that I chose is interventions used to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections(CAUTI). This type of infection is acquired from the use of urinary catheter while in the hospital. According to the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, urinary tract infections are responsible for 40 percent of all hospital-acquired infections annually, with 80% of these hospital acquired infection caused by use of indwelling urinary catheters. When any type of tubes or catheters are introduced in the body it serves as a medium for infection. Urinary catheters are used during surgery to prevent injury to the bladder. It is also used for urinary retention or bladder obstruction. The implementation of evidenced based practice when providing care
A kidney stone or crystal forms when the urine is supersaturated in regard to a stone forming material, meaning the urine contains a higher concentration of stone material than it can dissolve. There are several factors that can contribute to supersaturation, such as urine volume, pH, and the amount of solute excretion (Worcester and Coe 2009). There are numerous types of stones that can form depending on what material in the urine is in excess. The most common types of stones are calcium kidney stones with calcium oxalate (CaOx) causing 80% of all calcium stones and calcium phosphate (CaP) causing 15% of calcium stones (Sakhaee et al. 2012). Calcium oxalate stones are usually found in patients as white deposits on their papillae, or Randall’s plaques. The stone begins as a deposit of calciu...
There are different forms of kidney stones as well including struvite stones, cystine stones, uric acid stones, and the most common type, calcium phosphate stones. A struvite stone consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate and are more than likely associated with UT (urinary tract) infections. These stones mostly occur in women and only fifteen percent of all kidney stones in the US are struvite, wi...
Stones form in the urinary tract when urine contains more stone forming substances than fluid in the urine that would otherwise dilute these substances. With no set ca...
(5) NIH Publication No. 03–4241. Your Kidneys and How They Work. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse, 2003. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. Urinary tract infections can have different names, depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected. The infection can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra. If the infection is in the bladder it is called “cystitis” or a bladder infection. If the infection is in the kidneys is it called “pyelonephritis” or a kidney infection? If the infection is in the urethra it is called “urethritis”. Most urinary tract infections are bladder infections. Infections in the ureters are very rare. Everyone is at risk of getting a UTI allowing bacteria to grow in the urine that stays
Calculi. A kidney stone is a solid lump that can be as small as a grain of sand
Lets begin by discussing the big picture view of the urinary system. It is comprised by the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and the urethra. Referring to the anatomical position the right kidney is lower than the left kidney due to the liver being large. In a transverse cut and view from above one can see that the digestive organs are in a separate cavity from the urinary system. The peritoneal cavity houses the digestive organs and it houses serous membrane which secretes a small amount of fluid in the cavity that lubricates organs so that they experience very little friction as they move about inside of the body. The kidneys are in the retroperitoneal cavity, literally that means behind the peritoneal cavity. Unlike the digestive organs the kidneys are not allowed to move much when the body moves. They are held in place by perirenal fat, this fat firmly holds them in place. If someone gets to abnormally thin the kidneys can slip causing the ureter to get pinched.
... are use to rebuild bone if damange by this disease are bisphosphonates. This group of drugs can greatly reduce calcium level in about two to four days. The drugs can last up to a week. The medications are effective in severe patients. If the test is done and cancer is present, treatments are available but staying healthy and controling the pain associated with hypercalcemia cancer are the most important treatments. If the patient is a smoker, quiting could be the best option. Lowering calcium to 400 mg/day is helpful and would also help stop diarrhea. Drinking enough water to filter the kidney would also be helpful. Exercise regularly to maintain bone density. Once the cause of hypercalcemia is found, treatments can be posible and effective depending on the severity. The treatments are not always successful but if diagnosied early, it could be treatable.
The purpose of this paper is to take an in depth look at a renal diet which is designed for people suffering from certain kidney conditions. A renal diet can be described as a nutritional regime which is: “low in sodium, phosphorous and protein... [It] also promotes the importance of consuming high-quality protein and usually limits fluids. Some patients may also need to limit potassium and even calcium” (Nephcure). Throughout the course of this paper various aspects are addressed. these include: the role of the kidneys, the importance of professional guidance, the reasons why people follow a renal diet, monitoring sodium intake, monitoring potassium intake, monitoring phosphorus intake, protein consumption, and fluid control.
...ed that the liver was able to detoxify sulfate properly. The last inorganic constituent tested was calcium, which was done by adding equal amounts of urine and Sulkowitch’s reagent. A large amount of white precipitate was form due to the dietary consumption of the subject which can be that milk was consumed daily. Finally, the last tested was the abnormal constituents of urine. When testing for glucose the results were negative because the reagent was not reduced meaning that it did not turned greenish or red-brown color. The presence of glucose indicates diabetes mellitus which is a metabolic disorder that is caused by the usage of defective carbohydrate. Then when testing for albumin and globulin the results showed that a large amount of protein was present, which means that the subject had an abnormal leakiness or severe damage of the glomerular membrane or both.
...people who eat a lot of protein and people who get kidney stones. Another link between peoples diets and kidney stones is salt. Eating too much salt increases the amount of calcium in our urine which in turn makes the risk of a kidney stone develop increase. Not only is it what we eat but also the amount that we eat. If we eat our portions in moderation and eat the right things, we will have less of a chance of developing kidney stones.