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Empirical review on sleep duration and academic performance
Empirical review on sleep duration and academic performance
Empirical review on sleep duration and academic performance
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Introduction
There is a slight correlation with people who are night owls and higher intelligence and/or creativity, proven with studies, along with other findings, such as children having highs and lows on performance, and emotional behaviors. Sleep is an interesting part of human life. Sleep can affect everything in human life. Even knowing someone’s sleep cycle, generalizations about that person can be made, like if they have a tendency to be more intelligent or not.
Night Owls and Higher Mental Activity
Do night owls, people who tend to stay up later, have a tendency to have a higher intelligence? The London School of Economics and Political Science launched a project, led by Satoshi Kanazawa, discovering that “People with higher IQs are more apt to be nocturnal night-owls. Those with lower IQs tend to restrict their activities primarily to daytime.” (Alison, 2010). In short, that means people who are more intelligent TEND to stay up later and people with average intelligence TEND to be more active during the day. That does not mean that only geniuses stay up late and the mentally impaired go to bed early, there can be geniuses that go to bed early and mentally impaired people who stay up late. That statement is just a generalization, it may not be applicable to every person on Earth. A study at the University of Bologna found “Eveningness [characteristic of being more active and/or alert in the evening] is often age-related and that eveningness usually peaks at between 17-21 years of age,” (Alison, 2010), which is when the human brain is still developing but at it’s peak in the developmental cycle and is using more energy to perform intelligent actions, tending to give off the possible illusion of being more intelligent.
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...austed from lack of sleep. Sleep, a necessity, is an interesting subject. People who stay up later, not necessarily avoiding sleep, tend to be more intelligent, proven with studies and the time of day may affect activities throughout the day.
Reference
Alison, R. (2010, January 20). Smart people SLEEP LATE. - Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/analysis/smart-people-sleep-late-82486792.html
Hines, C. (2004). Time-of-Day Effects on Human Performance. Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, Seven, 390-413. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1006503.p
Zimmerman, F. (2008, June). Children’s Media Use and Sleep Problems: Issues and Unanswered Questions. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 1. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED527857.pdf
In order to function normally, “adequate sleep is a biological necessity” (Austin 34). College is a transition for many students, and without prioritizing many can become sleep deprived. There are various reasons that college students could become deprived of sleep. Reasons include loud roommates, sororities/fraternities, late night jobs, and procrastination. Additionally, a student could be struggling financially or academically, and this could be possible causes for keeping one up late at night. Little to no sleep could affect how young adults function leading to multiple effects. Depression can be a result of not getting enough rest, and the “longer this
Researchers have found a way to connect sleep with education. Gary Scarpello who wrote "Lack Of Sleep Could Be Trouble For CTE Students” , did a research study with liberty mutual showed that teens had an average of 7.2 hours of sleep on school nights and 33 to 75 % of all students have sleep problems. In the article it had stated that not getting enough sleep can cause impaired hand eyed coordination, reaction time and brief mental lapses. (Scarpello). The same researchers also found out that Sleep helps restores brain functions such as alertness, metabolism, and memory and regulate hormones (Scarpello). Researchers Mary A. Carskardon and A.R. Wolfson studied 3,120 Rhode Island children. They had figured out that college students who slept more than nine hours a night had a gr...
We live our entire life in two states, sleep and awake1. These two states are characterized by two distinct behaviors. For instance, the brain demonstrates a well-defined activity during non-REM sleep (nREM) that is different when we are awake. In the study of sleep by Huber et. al., the authors stated that sleep is in fact a global state2. It is unclear whether this statement means that sleep is a state of global behavioural inactivity or the state of the global nervous system. The notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system served as basis for sleep researchers to search for a sleep switch. The discovery of the sleep switch, in return, provided evidence and enhanced the notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system. The switch hypothesis developed from the fact that sleep can be initiated without fatigue and it is reversible1. It was hypothesized that there is something in the brain that has the ability to control the whole brain and initiate sleep. Studies have found a good candidate that demonstrated this ability3. They found a group of neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) nucleus. It was a good candidate because it was active during sleep, has neuronal output that can influence the wakefulness pathway, and lesion in the area followed reduce sleep3. The idea that there is something that can control the whole brain and result sleep state supports the idea that sleep is a global state of the nervous system.
Strasburger, Victor C., Amy B. Jordan, and Ed Donnerstein. "Health Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents." Pediatrics 125.4 (2010): 756-67. Ebsco. Web. 26 Jan. 2011.
Sample: Families were nominated who had healthy children and mothers with no previous diagnosis of a sleep disorder. They required access to a telephone and had to be capable of answering questions in English. The study consisted of forty-seven mothers who were ninety-eight percent Caucasian and between the ages of thirty and fifty. Ninety-six percent were married and eighty-nine percent had completed education beyond high school. Many of the mothers had jobs: forty percent working part-time out of the home and thirty-two percent working full-time at home. The children were between the ages of three and fourteen and a half. The children consisted of sixty-four percent male and seventy-nine percent had their own room. The child being studied either had no siblings or up to five siblings.
Sleep is a necessary phenomenon that impacts many physiological processes in the human body, including immune system function. The immune system can be divided into two main categories: innate immunity and adaptive immunity1. The adaptive immune system is responsible for fighting against specific pathogens or antigens and a memory component is involved. Additionally, its response is longer than an innate immune response, upon its first exposure to said antigen or pathogen. In contrast, the innate immune system responds much faster, however there is no memory component involved. For instance, an individual could be exposed to a rhinovirus more than once and become sick each time. This is different than the adaptive immune response because once
Sleep is a behavior universal to all people, yet it remains largely a mystery. Chronic sleep deprivation has become rampant throughout western society, for a number of reasons. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation, with major objectives being to identify what sleep is, and the reasons for sleep. An emphasis is also placed on the effect, symptoms, causes and ways to combat sleep deprivation. These areas are of particular interest to those seeking to investigate sleep deprivation, or individuals who suffer from sleep deprivation by investigating the symptoms, causes and strategies to combat sleep deprivation.
Another reason that causes the negative relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance is the impact of high-stress level that is caused by sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier, sleep deprivation could decrease a student’s critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, it can also make the students feel more stressful. According to the survey conducted in Ball State campus, there are 15 students that often do their homework before they go to bed. 10 students play video games, computer games, and mobile games before they go to sleep. 8 students use their electronic devices to do social activities. 5 students watch movies and television series and 2 students read books before they go to bed. This information proves
“74.2% of the sample were women, and 75% were pursuing a bachelor 's degree. 59.0% worked and studied part-time, 34.1% were full-time students. 42% reported insomnia symptoms, and 18% had clinically significant symptoms” (Hairston et al., 2016). Out of the sample 60% were reported to be neither type, 33.3% were evening type, and 10.6% were morning type. Women had higher scores on the R-MEQ component, revealing that more women were morning type. In every other component of the questionnaire there was no difference in gender. People who were morning types procrastinated less, and had less trouble sleeping, and the two measures did not correlate; the same went or those who were neither type. However, in evening types procrastination, trouble sleeping, rumination, and negative affect did correlate. Based upon the findings evening type was associated with more trouble sleeping, negative affect, procrastination, and rumination (Hairston et al., 2016). Like hypothesised, negative affect and rumination were linked to
If all of these important activities occur during sleep, why is it that people are so willing to short themselves of this vital activity? Although much about sleep still remains a mystery, research and experiments continue to show how important sleep is to each and every person. Throughout this paper, I will discuss sleep and the effects that it has on performance and health, especially among college students. A college student’s sleeping pattern is a reliable indicator of their level of performance in the classroom and other school-affiliated activities, as a lack of sleep leads to decreased performance. Sleep is directly related to the level of performance and health of an individual; the more rested a person is, the better that person will perform and feel (Dryer, 2006).
Sleep loss and shifting sleep patterns are known to be widespread across college campuses throughout the United States and the world at large. Yet, while many studies exist relating sleep to performance, a much smaller amount of studies focus on the Through analysis of these sources as they would prove useful when researching and writing upon the idea of sleep and its correlation to academic performance it was found that a paper titled “Sleep-Wake Patterns and Academic Performance in University Students”, which was presented to the European Conference on Educational Research, is overall the most useful source represented to research the topic.
In the world of higher education, students at the collegiate level are highly likely to be overwhelmed with course load, in addition to sports and extra-curricular activities (Jacobs & Dodd, 2003). These factors have the potential to lead to various amounts of sleep deprivation, and as the research of Nilsson, Sunderstrom, Karlsson et al. (2004) has shown, sleep deprivation is correlated with higher levels of fatigue, impairments in speed and accuracy as well as limitations in cognitive and physical performances. One way to cope with this fatigue that has shown to have very positive results on people of all ages is taking naps. In addition to reducing sleepiness, Milner & Cote (2008) have determined that “napping may lead to considerable benefits in terms of mood, alertness and cognitive performances”. It is these benefits that nappers seek when engaging in napping activities.
sleep in America and its effects on performance. The articles gave different types of results from different kinds of data with different degrees of definiteness. In spite of their differences, both articles showed that lack of sleep is a cause for decreased performance and a detriment to a productive and healthy lifestyle.
Introduction Sleep studies have been conducted since as early as 1913. However, the impact of school start times on student academics is often overlooked by most schools. In reality, start times can significantly affect academic performance by disrupting adolescents' normal sleep cycle, leading to a lack of sleep that impairs learning, and hindering academic performance. These theories have been tested through sleep studies, and most of them have been found to be true. Sleep Cycle Changes When children transition from primary school to middle or high school, it can significantly affect their learning due to changes in their sleep cycle.
According to the psychology today article, Amie Gordon stated that these people feel more “irritable, angry, hostile and more depressed” (Up all night). This is because sleep loss doesn’t allow the body to get all of the necessary rest it needs. Each day a person gets less sleep, is further they fall behind on sleep. In another article, Gretchen Rubin explained how she feels like her mornings are a lot less hectic by getting up earlier. She stated that “I love the light, and the quiet, and the sense of focus and freedom from interruption that she has during that hour” (Be happier-wake up earlier). By reading these two articles, I learned the importance of getting a good amount of sleep. It means going to bed earlier at night, so that I will be able to wake up