Phase delayed sleep, unlike other sleeping conditions, is both a temporary and genetically inherited disorder that causes an inability to sleep until later hours and makes it difficult to wake in the morning, and depending on the case, may have cures or only treatments.
For those with the disorder, most do not get enough sleep because of their inability to go to bed before midnight. There are different severities of the condition: some mild, moderate and severe. The difficulty does not lie with the inability to sleep well; but rather with the inability to sleep during the time frame required for wakefulness the next morning.
In Lawrence Epstein’s article Improving Sleep, he writes on an internal clock located in the brain that known as the superchiasmatic nucleus, or “sleep clock.” He writes, “Although the clock is largely self-regulating, its location allows it to respond to several types of external cues to keep it set at 24 hours” (476) Exercising these “cues” can help a person with phase delayed sleep, however, the “sleep clock’s” dominant feature is its self-regularity, which proves to be problematic when not functioning correctly. The “cues” do not regulate the “sleep clock,” they only influence it. The problem may be brought on either by this part of the brain getting damaged, or with it being offset. In the case that no damage is done to the brain, the cause is not entirely known, as Epstein states, “It is unknown whether this phase shift occurs primarily as a physiological event or as a response to abnormal light exposure.” (478)
Those who find themselves with the problem or inability to sleep until late at night, or even until early morning, may not necessarily have inherited the disorder genetically. Mary A. Cars...
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...first attempt to cure it, as mentioned in Carskadon’s article When Worlds Collide: Adolescent Need for Sleep Versus Societal Demands, is to adjust what is needed in a schedule in order to ensure a sufficient amount of time allotted to sleep. If no improvements occur after several weeks, it may be an indication that the condition is more serious. Should that be so, though there may not be a certain cure, treatments exist, and can help.
Works Cited
Epstein, Lawrence. “Improving Sleep.” Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 11th ed. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen. New York: Longman, 2011. 471-482. Print.
Carskadon. Mary. “When Worlds Collide: Adolescent Need for Sleep Versus Societal Demands.” Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 11th ed. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard Rosen. New York: Longman, 2011. 489-496. Print.
The body’s internal clock, commonly known as circadian rhythm, does not sync with the DST’s clock. This disconnect between the body’s clock and the DST’s clock can engender feelings of “restlessness, sleep disruption, and shorter sleep duration” (O’Connor).
Researchers have found a way to connect sleep with education. Gary Scarpello who wrote "Lack Of Sleep Could Be Trouble For CTE Students” , did a research study with liberty mutual showed that teens had an average of 7.2 hours of sleep on school nights and 33 to 75 % of all students have sleep problems. In the article it had stated that not getting enough sleep can cause impaired hand eyed coordination, reaction time and brief mental lapses. (Scarpello). The same researchers also found out that Sleep helps restores brain functions such as alertness, metabolism, and memory and regulate hormones (Scarpello). Researchers Mary A. Carskardon and A.R. Wolfson studied 3,120 Rhode Island children. They had figured out that college students who slept more than nine hours a night had a gr...
The body and brain are changing machines, where states of consciousness shift with zealous nature to allow our human anatomy to flourish. Schedules of the circadian rhythm function differently for everyone yet, is an important part of functioning for the human anatomy/mind. For the average person, however, the cycles we go through usually speak for a sleep rotation. But sometimes, even with these measured rituals, we find ourselves at a loss when we realize how fragile our circadian rhythm can be, caused by "insomnia," " jet-lag, " or even "weekend-lag."
The idea of phase advance and delay were first proposed by Aschoff and Pittendrigh (1960), but subsequent genetic studies have shown exact genes involved in phase delay and advance occurs due to over or under production of proteins as described in dorsophilia studies. Many knock out studies have shown that disruption of genes involve in circadian rhythm have created arrythmicity in animals. Low-Zeddies and Takahashi (2001), created clock mutants which were arrhythmic when exposed to dark condition. The period of clock mutants were greater when compared to wildtype mice. The mutant also showed higher phase-shifts hours and lower circadian amplitude.
Tomas Izquierdo is what one might call someone without circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the daily sleep patterns of humans. Circadian rhythms tell people when they are most alert, when they feel tired, and when they should wake up. These circadian rhythms, while difficult to research, are important to many industries, as well as a multitude of sleep disorder patients. For several years, scientists and doctors have been seeking a greater understanding of these patterns through constant, difficult, and fast paced research. The applications of such knowledge would be quite beneficial in shift based industries as well as some special circumstances. As of yet, doctors have been able to determine a few important correlations between internal time cues and sleep, activities or events that give cues to the brain about what time it is or should be. However, the research is very difficult.
We live our entire life in two states, sleep and awake1. These two states are characterized by two distinct behaviors. For instance, the brain demonstrates a well-defined activity during non-REM sleep (nREM) that is different when we are awake. In the study of sleep by Huber et. al., the authors stated that sleep is in fact a global state2. It is unclear whether this statement means that sleep is a state of global behavioural inactivity or the state of the global nervous system. The notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system served as basis for sleep researchers to search for a sleep switch. The discovery of the sleep switch, in return, provided evidence and enhanced the notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system. The switch hypothesis developed from the fact that sleep can be initiated without fatigue and it is reversible1. It was hypothesized that there is something in the brain that has the ability to control the whole brain and initiate sleep. Studies have found a good candidate that demonstrated this ability3. They found a group of neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) nucleus. It was a good candidate because it was active during sleep, has neuronal output that can influence the wakefulness pathway, and lesion in the area followed reduce sleep3. The idea that there is something that can control the whole brain and result sleep state supports the idea that sleep is a global state of the nervous system.
All children need sleep and want sleep during the weekdays and that is very difficult. It has been noticed that older students and younger students, such as third graders and eleventh graders, sleep patterns are very different. In many places it is the same way that middle schools and high school start earlier than elementary schools. The problem is that adolescents stay up at least two and a half hours later than younger children do (Bergin 2).
Bad sleeping habits are the common cause of sleep deprivation. There are some tips on how to get a good night of sleep. First of all, it is important to follow a consistent bedtime routine, because there is a certain pattern that the human body follows for regular activities. A good example would be eating habits. The chances of getting stomach and intestine diseases are much smaller when a pattern is followed every time you eat. Skipping or delaying meals could increase the risk of getting diseases in your digestive system. The brain also follows the same behavior, it needs constant rest so it is really important to follow a consistent bedtime routine. Second tip is to establish a relaxing setting at bedtime. Often times, students cannot sleep immediately after doing homework, studying for test, playing computer games, and other activities that uses the brain a lot. The brain needs to feel relaxed in order to enter the stage of complete rest. Third, it is advisable not to go to the bed hungry, nor consuming a big meal before bedtime. Both of these will make the body feel uncomfortable, and the brain will find it more difficult to get proper rest. Fourth, excessive exercise before bedtime is also a bad sleeping habit, since the body will feel excited. Although regular amount exercise is advisable during daytime. The result of a recent study reported students that experiences regular good sleep
Sleep is a reoccurring act that is part of our daily lives. It is one of the most important elements of human health. The natural state of sleep has been studied throughout the years of human evolution. It occurs when hormones are released throughout the body to make the individual begin to fall asleep. The importance of sleep is often overlooked amongst humans, leading to a disorder. There are problems that occur in the human body that are of higher importance and require more attention. Sleep disorders should be viewed as a priority to humans because it alters human health, presents as a precipitating factor for other health problems, and can be treated quickly.
While points, claims, and statistics may be found within all of the sources used for the research, the sheer amount of referenced studies and works within the “Sleep-Wake” paper lends weight to it’s usefulness as a reliable source. One of the otherfactor of sleep and its affect within the college community. Three sources varying in criteria and usefulness were found that related to this subject and were studied. sources, “College Students try to Cheat Sleep Needs”, a college newspaper, offers basic facts and elementary assumptions such that could be found within any biology textbook or encyclopedia. These references are to such things as sleep cycles and sub stages and the general consequences of an out of balance sleep cycle. The study from the Biological Rhythm Research writers, however, hints at previous studies and findings that “several factors, such as social and academic demands, part-time jobs, [...] affect the sleep-wake cycle of college students.” but then only states the findings of a particular study, and does so in...
Many times people think they can accomplish more if they could eliminate so much sleeping time. However, they are only hurting their productivity if they lose sleep. Two articles deal with the issue of sleep deprivation. The College Student Journal published an article about the grade-point average of college students and sleep length, while U.S. News & World Report produced an article dealing with the lack of
Introduction Sleep studies have been conducted since as early as 1913. However, the impact of school start times on student academics is often overlooked by most schools. In reality, start times can significantly affect academic performance by disrupting adolescents' normal sleep cycle, leading to a lack of sleep that impairs learning, and hindering academic performance. These theories have been tested through sleep studies, and most of them have been found to be true. Sleep Cycle Changes When children transition from primary school to middle or high school, it can significantly affect their learning due to changes in their sleep cycle.
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.
Important public policy issues have arisen in our modern 24-hour society, where it is crucial to weigh the value of sleep versus wakefulness. Scientific knowledge about sleep is currently insufficient to resolve the political and academic debates raging about how much and when people should sleep. These issues affect almost everybody, from the shift worker to the international traveler, from the physician to the policy maker, from the anthropologist to the student preparing for an exam.
Sleep plays a vital role in a person’s mental well-being. Sleeping affects how well people think, react, work, learn, and get along with others. While a person is sleeping, his brain is preparing to help him learn and remember information. A good night’s sleep enhances learning and problem solving skills. It is very important for the students to have sound sleep as it can improve their concentration, memory and creativity. Furthermore, having enough sleep increases the ability to m...