1. Introduction
The practice of settling human conflicts through intermediaries has had a rich history in Western and non-Western cultures and therefore a broad range of forms and functions. The conflicting parties in most of the societies and at all stages of social interaction have had access to external actors to whom they approach when they come to the conclusion that they are incapable to handle their different opinions by themselves. In this case, an ordinary response to identify contradictions in objectives and values be-tween adversaries is to enter into a process of negotiation in order to achieve an agreement on such differences, which is mutually acceptable. In consequence, negoti-ation seems to be a universal, human phenomenon, though it is often expressed in different forms that are suitable to each cultural context. Mediation aims at fostering the negotiation process and has become one of the most important methods of resolving international conflicts. (cf. Fisher 2001: 1; Bercovitch/Jackson 2009: 32) Nevertheless, mediation needs to be adapted to the norms and assumptions of any given cultural milieu, which can be an organization, or set of institutions, an international diplomacy, and the culture of a society or an identity group. Furthermore, practitioners as well as scientists of mediation have tried to create basic models of this process to find and explain many of the vital elements of mediation. (cf. Fisher 2001: 1; Rothchild 2008: 101f.) Without a doubt the process of finding models to reach a deeper understanding of mediation is still not finished. Although an extensive body of literature on the subject exists, the theory of how mediation works is not well originated and there is no consen-sus concerning th...
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...reduce conflict escalation and promote arrangement, hoping that the mediator will influence the other party, to show their commitment to resolution.
Regarding the characteristic of the mediator respectively a third-party, there are several aspects which are worthwhile to mention. Mediation is a voluntary and peaceful process and therefore an attractive option for loads of states. As a result, the mediator is only able to mediate when the conflicting parties see him as acceptable, reasonable, and knowledgeable. Further vital preconditions for effective mediation, which the me-diator should fulfill, are trust, credibility, and a high degree of personal skill and compe-tence. Additionally, characteristics like objectiveness or impartiality are also cited as being strongly linked with effective mediation. (cf. Bercovitch/Houston 1996: 25; Berco-vitch/Gartner 2009: 5)
In considering the probable benefits of mediation, Ridley-Duff & Bennett (2011) argues it would be helpful to consider various critical underlying theoretical questions: What is the reasons the negotiation failed? What are the barriers of effective resolution conflict by negotiation? Mediation saves time, money, promotes communication and cooperation, provides an environment to voluntarily resolve disputes, private and confidential, can reduce hostility and encourage healthy relationships, stress, can result in a win-win solution (Clarkson, Cross, Jentz & Miller,
These attributes are vital to reconciliation and mediation in a world where deception and diplomacy often come hand in hand. Analysis: It is clear that one of the key factors in the success of religious actors (RAs) in conflict resolution is their focus on reconciliation and a true desire to be unbiased mediators.
A good mediator steers the couple away from arguments and name-calling and makes the process as businesslike as possible. Mediation eliminates much of the rancor found in divorce court. The mediation process focuses on the real-life issues occurring at the end of a marriage instead of rehashing past ill will. A mediator doesn’t advise either partner, but helps them arrive at the best decisions possible through discussion and compromise.
Kriesberg, L. (2001). Mediation and the Transformation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. In Journal of Peace Research, 38, 3, 373-392.
M. E. McGuinness (Eds.), Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict (pp. 293-320). New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
In general, mediation is directed by a neutral third party who can by what he had of skills and abilities focus on guiding the behaviors of the parties towards discussing the issues that need to be faced, while receiving separate and confidential communications from the parties until he reached a certain level of understanding with them that the conflict can be resolved.
In today’s culture, there is a prevalence of media. It has taken many forms, from older formats like radio and television and magazine to more modern formats like video games and internet videos. The forms of media are constantly changing, as are the forms of content on that media. This prevalence presents a necessity for parents to control, in some form, the content their children watch. This concept is known as parental mediation, defined as the “strategies that parents employ to guide [a] child’s media use” (Nikkelen, Vossen, Piotrowski, & Valkenburg, 2016, p.659). The act of mediation is an essential part of parenting in the modern era. By looking at the various techniques of mediation and acknowledging their effects, parents will be better prepared for the inevitable time when the topic needs to be addressed with their children.
Ott, Marvin C. "Mediation as a Method of Conflict Resolution: Two Cases." International Organization 26.04 (1972): 595-618. JSTOR. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
...e personality clashes or warring egos, I believe it is important to act as a mediator that actively listens, when using confrontation techniques. Managing the conflict is about finding a mutual solution that is amicable to all parties concerned. For the mediator it is most important to have the ability to define the problem while acting as an intercessor and look for alternatives in its resolution while diffusing the conflict.
Mediation is an important force that involves creative and unique problem solving that produces very resourceful solutions for all parties of a dispute. The job of a mediator is to incite communication, while being completely unbiased. A great mediator should understand that not all disputes can be settled, but the right approach increases the chances success. One should always confront the dispute with a neutral and composed attitude that can ultimately help lower the expectations of all parties involved. It is extremely important to dedicate ample time to create a method that encourages parties to communicate and collectively come up with innovative resolutions. When focusing these qualifications on the current health care crisis in the United
Poitras, J. (2009). What Makes Parties Trust Mediators? Negotiation Journal, 25(3), 307-325. Retrieved January 22, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1823235871).
Any negotiation challenges the parties involved in a variety of ways, but parties with conflicting interests face important additional difficulties when attempting to negotiate an agreement across culture lines. Not only will the difficulties arising from the known similarities and differences of opinion be more pronounced, but also unsuspected factors could easily enter the picture and condition perceptions of the situation. In cross-cultural negotiations, a reasonable second acknowledgment should be that the hidden factors that are always at work are more likely to interfere with reaching an agreement. It is especially important that this acknowledgment be understood to apply not only to the dynamics of interactions across the table, but those of individuals on the same side of the table. [At times, it may be tempting to attribute the outcomes of negotiations to a single variable (such as the culture or the relative power of a country).] The term culture has taken on many different meanings but basically it reflects the shared values. Culture affects negotiations in different ways. In this paper, we are going to discuss the American and Jap...
The mediator is quite similar with broker whereby to be as a liaison officer. Different from the role of advocate, mediator will be the liaison officer that will make some groups of people voluntarily to participate the agreement to achieve the well-being. According to Dwiyantari (2013), the mediator is whereby the social worker will be as a contact represents looking for acceptable understanding and to intercede the parts of contentions incorporate talk about any issues with the trade off and convincing way. The role of a social worker as a mediator act like the third party that promotes well-being due to the disputes that occur caused by an issue or conflict. According to Stein (2004), the social worker that is impartial, the third party will be easier to find a resolution of quarrel by promoting agreement for clients. In this case, a social worker is non-judgemental because they will bring the conflict to “win-win situation”. For examples, a social worker will locate similar qualities from the persons that required to the contention and dodge the "win-lose circumstance", social worker likewise helps the persons that required in the contention to concede the authenticity of each other, and help them to recognize their basic intrigue (Waluya, 2007). Similar to the role of advocate, mediator roles help the service users or clients non-judgemental and fight for service users and clients
Mediation is a way to solve a dispute without having to resort to court procedure which sometimes could turned out to be rigid, formal and time consuming especially when it needed a lot of paperwork and the possibility of adjournment which could consume years. Besides that, unlike in court, mediator as a third impartial party did not acted as a judge who decides on the resolution however, the mediator will help the parties to explore the needs and issue which before preventing them from achieving a mutual resolution and settlement. The mediation process gave the authority towards the parties to agree with each other and open up the chance for the parties to meet with a resolution at the end of the mediation session.
...ic Use of Multiple channels of Negotiation in Middle East Peacemaking’, 2001, A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Fletcher School Of Law And Diplomacy Tufts University, viewed at http://repository01.lib.tufts.edu:8080/fedora/get/tufts:UA015.012.DO.00003/bdef:TuftsPDF/getPDF on 10 April 2012 .