Dramatic Energy, Symbolism and Emotion in Fuseli's The Nightmare and Poe's The Raven

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The dawn of the Romantic era saw a departure from the structure confines of Neoclassicism. Instead, emotionalism, love of freedom, and imagination prevailed throughout literature and art. One early work of this period was The Nightmare, an oil painting by Henry Fuseli. In this work, Fuseli portrays a woman sprawled sleeping on her bed, haunted by an incubus and a ghost-like horse with glowing eyes. The Raven, by Edgar Allen Poe, is instead from the latter end of the Romantic era. This narrative poem recounts a scene in which a raven visits a mourning, distraught lover, who serves as the narrator. Both of these works display dramatic presentation, symbolism, and a great sense of emotional power to create a frightening scene.
Poe and Fuseli each infuse their works with dramatic energy. In The Nightmare, Fuseli uses expressive coloration, contrasting the dark shadows and the bright white flowing garments of the woman. He also creates a dynamic scene through asymmetrical structure and diagonal lines. The incubus posing on the woman's stomach is off centered, and instead his shadow on the deep red curtain serves the perspective center of the work. The woman's body twists dramatically and her arm hangs limply off the bed. Poe, in The Raven, creates a similar sense of dynamic drama. He employs consonance, writing "the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain," and the repeated sounds reflect the ssshing sound curtains make. This consonance creates the eerie atmosphere that perturbs the narrator. Through internal rhyme and polysyndeton, Poe creates an impression of intensifying and rising action. For example, he writes, "but the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token/And the only work there s...

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...a single word–"nevermore." All his emotionally powerful descriptions of the scene end with this one word. It resounds and persists as a ringing death bell, capturing the despair of the narrator and ending each paragraph with another pang. Both Poe and Fuseli demonstrate in their works, the emotional force common in the Romantic period.
Fuseli's The Nightmare and Poe's The Raven both display horrifying scenes in the middle of the night. Through their varying mediums, both use dramatic energy and symbolism, and they both engage the reader of viewer emotionally. They demonstrate the rebellion against the idyllic and ordered neoclassical style, and show the new passion of expression of the Romantic Era.

Works Cited

Poe, Edgar Allen. "The Raven." The Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation, 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2014. .

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